| 释义 |
unˈconscious, a. and n.
[un-1 7 and 5 b.]
A. adj.
1. a. Not conscious or knowing within oneself; unaware, regardless, heedless.
1712Blackmore Creation vi. 646 Unconscious we these motions never heed, Whether they err, or by just laws proceed. 1848Dickens Dombey xiii, As he stood..surveying his (of course unconscious) clerk, from head to foot. 1889Anthony's Photogr. Bull. II. 202, I mean the unconscious model, i.e., one taken unawares with a detective camera.
b. Const. of, that, etc.
1712Blackmore Creation vii. 632 Through every dark recess [they] pursue their flight, Unconscious of the road. 1789Burns Kirk's Alarm vii, Are ye huirdin' the penny, Unconscious what evils await? 1820Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 172 Never having been disturbed, these animals were unconscious of danger. 1841Carlyle Heroes i. (1904) 33 Silent, with closed lips, as I fancy them, unconscious that they were specially brave. 1863Kinglake Crimea I. 158 All this time he was unconscious of exercising any ascendancy.
2. a. Not characterized by, or endowed with, the faculty or presence of consciousness.
1712Blackmore Creation iii. 266 Unconscious causes only still impart Their utmost skill, their utmost power exert. 1744Akenside Pleas. Imag. i. 527 For what are all The forms which brute, unconscious matter wears, Greatness of bulk, or symmetry of parts? 1802Paley Nat. Theol. iv. §1. 55 Can any distinction be assigned..between the producing watch, and the producing plant? both passive, unconscious substances. 1890W. James Princ. Psychol. I. 199 Sleep, fainting, coma, epilepsy, and other ‘unconscious’ conditions.
absol.1843Carlyle Past & Pr. ii. xv, The Unconscious is the alone Complete. 1876Westm. Review XLIX. 512 Those who are acquainted with the ‘pessimist’ conclusions of the ‘philosophy of the Unconscious’. 1884Coupland (title), Philosophy of the Unconscious, by Eduard von Hartmann.
b. Temporarily devoid of consciousness.
1860O. W. Holmes Elsie Venner xxvi. (1861) 302 A man is stunned by a blow with a stick on the head. He becomes unconscious. 1890Retrospect Med. CII. 118 The patient had a temperature of 105·8° for thirty-six hours, and was unconscious for twenty-four hours.
c. Psychol. Applied to mental or psychic processes of which a person is not aware but which have a powerful effect on his attitudes and behaviour, spec. in Freud's psychoanalytic theory, processes activated by desires, fears, or memories which are unacceptable to the conscious mind and so repressed; also designating that part of the mind or psyche in which such processes operate.
1912Freud in Proc. Soc. Psychical Res. XXVI. lvi. 315 The term unconscious, which was used in the purely descriptive sense before, now comes to imply something more. It designates not only latent ideas in general, but especially ideas with a certain dynamic character, ideas keeping apart from consciousness in spite of their intensity and activity. 1925C. E. M. Joad Mind & Matter iv. 111 This greater part is known as the unconscious mind, or simply as ‘the unconscious’. The theory of the unconscious is based mainly on the work of..Freud. 1946Mind LV. 21 Perhaps further investigation following Wisdom's hint that philosophical views are the vehicles for expressing ‘unconscious fantasies’, will lead to an understanding of this point. 1956R. F. C. Hull tr. Jung's Symbols of Transformation in Coll. Wks. V. ix. 443 The Miller case is a classic example of the unconscious manifestations which precede a serious psychic disorder.
3. Not realized or known as existing in oneself.
1800Coleridge Christabel ii. xxvii, Still picturing that look askance With forced unconscious sympathy Full before her father's view. 1870L'Estrange Miss Mitford I. vi. 166 And is not the sunny felicity of childhood in itself unconscious virtue? 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 150 [She] rode..extremely well, and with an unconscious grace.
absol.1817Coleridge Biogr. Lit., Poesy or Art, In every work of art there is a reconcilement of the external with the internal; the conscious is so impressed on the unconscious as to appear in it.
4. Not attended by, or present to, consciousness; performed, employed, etc., without conscious action.
unconscious cerebration: see cerebration.
1820Lamb Elia i. Oxford in Vacation, He has long taken up his unconscious abode, amid an incongruous assembly of attorneys, attorneys' clerks [etc.]. 1836C. Wordsworth Athens xxiii. (1855) 156 It may be considered as an unconscious emblem of the consecration of earthly history and glory and majesty to the Cross. 1866J. Martineau Ess. I. 133 It is wrong to punish an unconscious act. 1878S. Butler Life & Habit ii. 26 In like manner, the most perfect humour and irony is generally quite unconscious.
B. absol. as n. Psychol. The unconscious mind (see A. 2 c). Cf. collective unconscious s.v. collective a. 2 e; id2.
a1884M. Pattison Mem. (1885) vii. 329, I cannot help observing the remarkable force with which the Unconscious—das Unbewusste—vindicated its power. Ibid. 330 By whatever name you call it, the Unconscious is found controlling each man's destiny without, or in defiance of, his will. 1912Freud in Proc. Soc. Psychical Res. XXVI. lvi. 318 The system revealed by the sign that the single acts forming part of it are unconscious we designate by the name ‘The Unconscious’, for want of a better and less ambiguous term... And this is the third and most significant sense which the term ‘unconscious’ has acquired in psychoanalysis. 1914[see co-conscious a. and n.]. 1959N. Mailer Advts. for Myself (1961) 216 To put it crudely, I would think I was dropping people when they were dropping me. And of course my unconscious knew better. 1977A. Sheridan tr. J. Lacan's Écrits iii. 50 The unconscious is that chapter of my history that is marked by a blank or occupied by a falsehood: it is the censored chapter. |