| 释义 |
▪ I. groan, n.|grəʊn|
Forms: 4–7 grone, (4 gron, 7 groane), 7– groan. β. Sc. 4–8 grane, (5 grayne).
[f. groan v.]
An act of groaning; a low vocal murmur, emitted involuntarily under pressure of pain or distress, or produced in voluntary simulation as an expression of strong disapprobation.
a1300Cursor M. 3731 Wit þis gaue ysaac a grane [Gött., Trin. grone]. c1325Body & Soul in Map's Poems (Camden) 343/1 As thing al seek hit ȝaf a gron. 1375Barbour Bruce xiii. 35 Men herd nocht ellis bot granys & dyntis. c1420Anturs of Arth. 620 (Thornton MS.) Scho grete one dame Gaynour, with granes so grylle. c1470Henry Wallace vii. 459 The peple..Rewmyd in reuth, with mony grysly grayne. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xxvi. 24 Thay gyrnd with hiddouss granis. 1581Mulcaster Positions xxxv. (1887) 128 The pitifull grones, the lamentable shrikes. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 377 Loues deep grones I neuer shall regard. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 11 There was heard a great lamentation, accompanied with grones and skreeches. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 353 Often he turns his Eyes, and, with a Groan, Surveys the pleasing Kingdoms, once his own. 1738Wesley Psalms vi. iv, Weary of my unanswer'd Groans,..I languish for Relief. 1796Macneill Waes of War i. 74 ‘Wha this rudely wakes the sleeping?’ Cried a voice wi' angry grane. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xx, A low groan went through the assembly. 1846Lundie Mission. Life Samoa xviii. 113 Groans of woe and tears of penitence were all around. 1872Darwin Emotions xii. 285 The North American Indians express astonishment by a groan. 1884F. M. Crawford Rom. Singer I. 8 His singing ended in a sort of groan.
b. attributed to inanimate objects.
1605Shakes. Lear iii. ii. 47 Such groanes of roaring Winde, and Raine, I neuer Remember to haue heard. 1718Rowe tr. Lucan 183 In hollow Groans the falling Winds complain. 1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian i. (1826) 7 The pauses of silence succeeded each groan of the mountain.
c. Comb., as groan-like adj.
1802H. Martin Helen of Glenross II. 146 Her groan-like sighs..pierced my ears.
▪ II. groan, v.|grəʊn|
Forms: 1 gránian, 2–3 granien, 3 gronie, -y, 4 gronen, 4–8 grone, (5 gronne, gronyn, 6 groane, 6– groan. β. north. and Sc. 4–6, 8–9 grane, 5 grayn(e, 6, 8 grain).
[OE. gránian:—OTeut. type *grainôjan, f. Teut. root *grai- grī̆-, whence OHG. grînan mentioned s.v. grin v.2]
1. intr. To breathe with a deep-toned murmur; to utter a low deep sound expressive of grief or pain.
7.. Blickl. Gloss. in Blickl. Hom. 258/1 Granode vel asten, rugiebam. c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) cv[i]. 20 [25], Ac hi granedan, and grame spræcan. c1175Lamb. Hom. 43 Summe þer graninde sikeð. c1205Lay. 25558 Swiðe he wes idræcched and granein [read granien, c 1275 gronie] agon. c1230Hali Meid. 47 To..greden ai & granen i þe eche grure of helle. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7813 King willam..bigan sone to grony & to febly al so. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 798 He is ofte seke and ay granand. c1400Lay-Folks Mass-Bk. App. iv. 325 Þe Pope ful sore gon grone. a1400–50Alexander 1219 [He] Gers many grete syre grane & girdis þurȝe maillis. c1470Henry Wallace viii. 766 Within the dykys thai gert feill Sotheroun grayn. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxv. 19 My wame is of ȝour lufe sa fow, That as ane gaist I glour and grane. a1550Christis Kirk Gr. xviii, He grainit lyk ony gaist. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 70 Produce the Plough, and yoke the sturdy Steer, And goad him till he groans beneath his Toil. 1753J. Bartlet Gentl. Farriery viii. 74 He [a horse] coughs sharply by fits..and frequently groans with it. 1829Hood Eug. Aram xix, A dozen times I groan'd—the dead Had never groan'd but twice. 1888M. E. Braddon Fatal Three i. vi, Greswold groaned aloud.
fig.c1600Shakes. Sonn. cxxxiii. 1 Beshrew that heart that makes my heart to groane. 1607― Timon iii ii. 83 Religion groans at it. 1737Whiston Josephus, Hist. iii. viii. §4 Now may the laws of our forefathers well groan to purpose. 1833J. H. Newman Arians iv. iv. (1876) 350 The lively statement of Jerome: ‘The whole world groaned in astonishment to find itself Arian’. 1878Browning La Saisiaz 44 Needs there groan a world in anguish just to teach us sympathy?
b. Phr. to groan inwardly, groan in oneself, groan in the spirit, † groan with the heart.
a1300Cursor M. 17836 Wit al þair flesche þai quok onnan, And wit þair hertes can þai gran. 1535Coverdale John xi. 33 Whan Iesus sawe her wepe..he groned in the sprete. 1596Spenser F.Q. vi. iii. 11 He deepely sigh'd, and groaned inwardly. 1611Bible John xi. 38 Iesus therefore againe groning in himselfe, commeth to the graue. 1747P. Doddridge Life J. Gardiner 21 He could not forbear groaning inwardly.
c. quasi-trans. To breathe (one's life, soul) away or out in groaning. Similarly, to groan one's heart out.
1642J. Eaton Honey-combe Free Justif. 106 Christ groaned out his blood and life upon the Crosse. 1671Milton P.L. xi. 447 He fell, and deadly pale, Groand out his Soul with gushing blood effus'd. 1695Blackmore Pr. Arth. ii. 817 Stretcht on the cursed Tree his Body hangs, Groaning its Life away in dying Pangs. 1816Scott Antiq. xii, I'se warrant I might grane my heart out or ony body wad gie me either a bane or a bodle.
d. To talk in a groaning voice, grumble.
1816Scott Old Mort. xiv, The tane was aye graning about giving tribute to Cæsar.
e. attributed to inanimate objects.
1602Marston Ant. & Mel. i. Wks. 1856 I. 17 The flintie rocks groand at his plaints. 1668R. Steele Chr. Husbandm. Calling viii. (1672) 207 The field groans that bears the grain which thou thus abusest. a1774Fergusson Poems (1845) 48 Would it no fret the hardest stane Beneath the Luckenbooths to grane? 1862B. Taylor Poet's Jrnl. 1st Eve., Symbol, The forests fain would groan.
†2. spec. Of the buck: To utter its peculiar cry at rutting-time. (Cf. groin v. 1 b.) Obs.
1486Bk. St. Albans E v, An hert belowys and a bucke gronys. 1576Turberv. Venerie 100 A hart belloweth, a Bucke groneth. 1686R. Blome Gentl. Recr. ii. 76 A Hart Belloweth, a Buck Groaneth or Twateth.
3. trans.
a. To utter with groans; with an exclamation or sentence as obj. Also with out.
1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. iii. i. 136 So dying loue liues still..O ho grones out for ha ha ha. a1716South (J.), To sigh his griefs and groan his pains. 1785Burns Death & Dr. Hornbook xxiv, The creature grain'd an eldritch laugh. 1847Bushnell Chr. Nurt. ii. vii. (1861) 379 He [Christ] lives it [the truth], acts it forth, groans it in his Gethsemane. 1864Tennyson Sea Dreams 141 ‘No trifle’, groan'd the husband.
†b. To bewail, lament. Obs. rare.
a1762Lady M. W. Montagu Poems (1785) 2 They groan the cruel load they're doom'd to bear. 1766E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances III. 113 The Sun hides its Face, for Grief; and the Winds groan her departure.
4. intr. To be oppressed or overburdened to the point of groaning. Const. beneath, under, with.
1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 71 Under which Turkish servitude it groned, till our dayes. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 145 For above five hundred yeares Persia groaned under many Lords and Tyrants. 1711Addison Spect. No. 163 ⁋7 If the Afflictions we grone under be very heavy. 1742Young Nt. Th. ii. 130 As Atlas groan'd The world beneath, we groan beneath an hour. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. xiv. 280 They might take a severe revenge for the barbarities they had groaned under for more than two ages. 1762Churchill Ghost i. 162 Modest merit..Is left in poverty to groan. 1818Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. iv. 428 The injustice under which he appeared to himself to groan. 1833H. Martineau Manch. Strike iv. 50 Their interests demand the reductions under which we groan. a1861T. Woolner My Beautiful Lady (1863) 146 Groaning beneath a Despot.
b. attributed to inanimate objects (sometimes with mixture of sense 5).
1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 253 With labour'd Anvils ætna groans below. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. v. §20 Those arguments, answers, defences, and replications which the press groans under. 1764Oxford Sausage 191 The Chimnies blaze the Tables groan. 1789Jefferson Writ. (1859) III. 10 The press groans with productions, which, in point of boldness, make an Englishman stare. 1821Shelley Hellas 937 Come, feast! the board groans with the flesh of men. 1874Blackie Self-Cult. 25 Though the library-shelves groan with books.
5. transf. To make a deep harsh sound resembling a groan.
1513Douglas æneis vi. vi. 62 Vnder the paysand and the hevy charge Gan grane or geig ful fast the jonit barge. 1781Cowper Expostulation 58 He heard the wheels..Groan heavily along the distant road. 1820Keats St. Agnes xli, The key turns, and the door upon its hinges groans. 1847Tennyson Princ. ii. 451 The great organ almost burst his pipes, Groaning for power. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxii. (1856) 172 The ice is so driven in around us as to grate and groan against the sides of our little vessel. 1875McLaren Serm. Ser. ii. vii. 121 The swaying branches creak and groan.
6. To express earnest longing by groans; to yearn or long, as if with groans; hence fig. of things (cf. 4 b). Const. for, to with inf.
c1560A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xxxiv. 46 Ȝe preiche, ȝe fleich, ȝe frane, Ȝe grane ay quhill thay grant. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. iii. i. 275 This foule deede shall smell aboue the earth With Carrion men, groaning for burial. 1608–9in Crt. & Times Jas. I (1848) I. 88 It seems the gallows groans for him. a1633G. Herbert Temple, Ch. Superl. 17 Nothing but holy, pure, and cleare, Or that which groneth to be so. 1643[Angier] Lanc. Vall. Achor 10 It is now harvest time, our Corn..is in the field, ripe and groaning for the sickle. 1727Boyer Angl.-Fr. Dict. s.v., The Gallows groans for him, le Gibet l' attend avec impatience. 1742Young Nt. Th. i. 257 How groaning hospitals eject their dead! What numbers groan for sad admission there!
7. trans.
a. To express disapproval of by means of groans.
b. to groan down: to silence by means of groans.
1799A. Seward Lett. (1811) V. 205 They would be hissed, groaned, and cat-called. 1861N.Y. Tribune 19 Dec. (Cent.), Yesterday they met, as agreed upon, and, after groaning the Ward Committee, went to the mayor's office. |