| 释义 |
gromwell|ˈgrɒmwəl|
Forms: 4 gromyl(e, gromylyoun, 5 gromylle, -ille, grumelle, -eyle, 5–6 gromaly, -ely, 5–9 gromel(l, 6 grommel(l, -all, gremile, grumle, 6–7 grummel(l, grumble, 7 gromwel, grumell, 7–9 gromil(l, 7– gromwell.
[a. OF. gromil (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), gremil (16th c.), mod.F. grémil, of doubtful origin. The form gromwel(l is late and the w is app. due to analogy with speedwell. See also graymill.
As to the possible origin of F. gromil, grémil, several suggestions have been made. Its derivation from grānum milii is impossible on account of the early form gromil, but the 15th c. variants grinnil, grenil perhaps exhibit some popular etymologizing approximation to grain. Hatz.-Darm. suggest that the second part is the word mil ‘millet’, while the first is of indeterminate origin.]
The common name for any of the plants of the genus Lithospermum (N.O. Boraginaceæ), characterized by hard stony seeds, which were formerly much used in medicine.
a1310in Wright Lyric P. v. 27 Ase gromyl in grene grene is the grone, Ase quibibe and comyn cud is in crone. 13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 43 Gilofre, gyngure & gromylyoun. a1387Sinon. Barthol. (Anecd. Oxon.) 23 Granum solis, i. milium solis, i. gromil. c1425Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 645/38 Hec gensta, gromylle. c1450ME. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 75 Ad lapidem Take gromylle [v.r. gromel seed] & percil. 1589Cogan Haven Health xxv. (1636) 46 Grummell is..not used in meats but in medicine, especially the seeds. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. iv. i. iii. (1651) 368 For the kidnies, grumell, parsly. 1741Compl. Fam.-Piece i. iv. 243 Take Seeds of Smallage, Treacle Mustard, Gromwell and Parsley. 1851S. Judd Margaret i. xvi. 135 Yellow bent spikes of the gromwell. 1888Daily News 14 June 5/1 The gromwell adds a touch of imperial purple.
b. Preceded by a defining word forming the designation of a particular species. common gromwell, Lithospermum officinale. corn gromwell, L. arvense, Bastard Alkanet. purple (or creeping) gromwell, L. purpureo-cæruleum.
c. Applied also to the genus Onosmodium (false gromwell).
1578Lyte Dodoens ii. ciii. 289 The Gromell is of two sortes, one of the garden, the other wilde: and the garden Gromell also is of two sortes, great and small. 1597Gerarde Herbal ii. clxxx. §1. 486 The great Gromell hath long slender and hairie stalkes. 1657W. Coles Adam in Eden ccxxv. 354 Great upright Gromel..is that which usually groweth in Gardens. 1804Med. Jrnl. XII. 124 Bastard gromill, salern, corn gromwell, painting root, bastard Alkanet. 1837Macgillivray Withering's Brit. Plants (ed. 4) 111 L[ithospermum] officinale. Common Gromwell. Gray⁓mill..L. arvense. Corn Gromwell..L. purpuro-cæruleum. Creeping or Purple Gromwell. 1894Times 21 May 12/1 The tall-growing corn gromwell, or bastard alkanet.
d. attrib., as gromwell seed; † gromwell-gainer, a ‘skinflint’, miser.
1588J. Harvey Discoursive Probl. conc. Proph. 70 Hath not euery vocation..yeelded some such counterprophets, and pennyfathers, very *gromelgainers?
c1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. (E.E.T.S.) 77 Onoþer of Mede affermyd mekyl profyt to vse greynes melyens fastyng, þat er *Gromell sedes. c1440Promp. Parv. 213/2 Gromaly, herbe (gromely sede), milium solis. 1544T. Phaer Regim. Lyfe (1553) B j b, A bagge of gromell sedes. 1553Respublica i. i. 24 But to rake grumle sede Avaryce ys a Lone. 1573Tusser Husb. xlv. (1878) 97 Gromel seed, for the stone. 1694E. Floyd in Phil. Trans. XVIII. 46 Of the form and bigness of Gromwel-seeds. |