| 释义 |
▪ I. groove, n.|gruːv|
Also 5 grofe, groof, 7 groeve, 7–9 grove, (7, 9 gruff, 9 groave, gruve).
[ad. early mod.Du. groeve ‘sulcus, fossa, scrobs’, (Kilian), Du. groef = OLG. gruova, OHG. gruoba, MHG. gruobe, G. grube pit, hole, ditch, mine, fosse (in Anat.), ON. gróf pit, Goth. grôba, f. OTeut. root *grôƀ-, graƀ- (see grave n.1 and v.1).]
1. a. A mining shaft; a mine, pit. Now dial. † Also, in 15th c., a cave (obs.).
a1400–50Alexander 5394 Makis he gracis to his goddis & þan þe grofe entres. a1483Mendip Laws in Phelps Hist. Somerset vii. (1839) 6 Any man that doth begin to pitch or groof..must stand to the..waist in the same groof. 1631Star Chamb. Cases (Camden) 91 Pulling the minors out of their groves by head and shoulders. 1666Locke in Boyle Hist. Air (1692) xvii. 137, I rode to Minedeep, with an Intention to make use of it [a barometer] there, in one of the deepest Gruffs (for so they call their Pits) I could find. a1698W. Blundell Caval. Note Bk. (1880) 251 The pits where lead is digged, in Derbyshire, are called grooves. 1747Hooson Miner's Dict. K j, Groove [is] the Mine or Work that a Man is employ'd in, hence it is if a Question be asked, Where is Tom to day? He is gone to the Groove, he is at the Groove; sometimes it is used for the Shaft. 1797W. G. Maton West. Counties II. 131 On Mendip they call their works grooves, and the miners groovers, which are terms that seem to be peculiar to this part of the country. 1825J. Jennings Observ. Dial. W. Eng. 41 Gruff, a mine. Gruffer, Gruffier, a miner. 1829J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. (1858) II. 157 The coal is worked by a grove of fair quality. 1873Swaledale Gloss., Gruve, a lead mine. Gruver, a lead miner. 1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Groove or Grove. i. Derb. A mine.
b. = drift n. 15. dial.
1887H. Miller Geol. Otterburn & Elsdon 130 Mouth⁓groves, short levels, generally entering upon the crop of a coal. 1893Northumbld. Gloss., Grove, Grove-hole, Mouth⁓grove, an adit level driven in from the surface for coal or fire-clay. Sometimes this is called a grove-hole, but the common term is a drift.
2. a. A channel or hollow, cut by artificial means, in metal, wood, etc.; e.g. the spiral rifling of a gun, one of the air-passages leading from the wind-chest to the pipes of an organ, etc.
1659J. Leak Waterwks. 33 The Valves are marked with M, the Groves by E. 1664Evelyn tr. Freart's Archit. 130 Excavated Channules, by our Workmen call'd Flutings and Groeves. 1680Moxon Mech. Exerc. 187 This String is laid in the Groove made on the edge of the Wheel. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 89/1 Grove of a Screw, is the hollow..between the Thrids. 1752W. & J. Halfpenny New Designs iv. (1755) 4 Feather-edged Boards, not more than 8 Inches wide, including Lap, Grove, and Tongue. 1813Scott Trierm. i. xv, Portcullis rose with crashing groan, Full harshly up its groove of stone. 1816Sporting Mag. XLVIII. 191 The slide [in a gun] still works freely, no rust having been found on the groaves. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 882 He now forms the groove with a single stroke of a small file, dexterously applied, first to the one side of the needle, and then to the other. 1852Seidel Organ 52 These partitions are called grooves..every groove holds exactly as much wind as is necessary to sound either a large or a small pipe. 1858Greener Gunnery 363 He formed a number of circular grooves on the cylindrical part of the bullet, in imitation of the feathers of an arrow.
b. Theatr. (See quot. 1886.)
1866W. Davidge Footlight Flashes xv. 150 The scenery is pushed back as far as it will go in the slides, or grooves, so called. 1881G. Daniel Merry Eng. 352 At this moment the scenes stuck fast in the grooves. 1886Stage Gossip 69 The ‘grooves’ are the supports for the ‘wings’ and ‘flats’. 1966Amer. N. & Q. Sept. 13/2 Some promptbooks of the eighteenth century and most of those of the nineteenth show at the head of each scene..the number or numbers of the grooves in which the wings and shutters..are to stand.
c. The spiral cut in a gramophone record (earlier, in a phonograph cylinder) which forms the path for the needle.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 679/1 In the first phonograph a spiral groove was cut on a brass drum fixed on a horizontal screw. Ibid., The sharp edge of the needle ran in the middle of the spiral groove when the cylinder was rotated. Ibid. 680/1 The grooves on the cylinder are 1/100 of an inch apart. 1931B. Brown Talking Pictures ix. 194 Examining an ordinary record we find the spiral grooves of very fine pitch somewhere about 100 to the inch. 1956, etc. [see fine-groove (fine a. D. 3)]. 1957Records & Recording Nov. 20/1 It is these grooves which must be tracked with absolute accuracy by the pickup needle. 1958,1962[see coarse groove (coarse a. 7 c)].
3. A channel or furrow of natural formation.
a. spec. in Anat. and Zool.
1787G. White Selborne iii. 7 The alternate flutings or grooves and the curved form of my specimen. 1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. II. 389 The fore part of the head is generally more membranaceous than the hind part,..with a longitudinal furrow on each side, or a groove to receive the antennæ. 1878L. P. Meredith Teeth 157 A continuous groove across..the teeth near the gum. 1899J. Hutchinson Archives Surg. X. 145 The parts [of the nails] which have received names, are the body, the root, the free edge, the sides, the lunula, the matrix or bed, and the groove.
b. gen.
a1852Macgillivray Nat. Hist. Dee Side, etc. (1855) 6 The groove or narrow valley in which the Dee flows. 1865Geikie Scen. & Geol. Scot. iv. 80 Its rocks covered with ruts and grooves, running in long persistent lines.
4. transf. and fig.
a. A ‘channel’ or routine of action or life. Often in depreciatory sense: A narrow, limited, undeviating course; a ‘rut’.
1842Tennyson Locksley Hall 182 Let the great world spin for ever down the ringing grooves of change. 1868Helps Realmah iv. (1876) 58 His ideas were wont to travel rather in a groove. 1869Rogers Pref. to Adam Smith's W.N. I. 27 The whole course of legislation..had flowed in the same groove for centuries. 1871L. Stephen Playgr. Europe viii. (1894) 174, I see that I am inevitably falling into the old groove. 1874Green Short Hist. x. §4. 806 Labour was thus thrown out of its older grooves. 1882Besant Revolt of Man viii. (1883) 193 The conversation flowed in the accustomed grooves.
b. Phr. in the (or a) groove (cf. 2 c above) = groovy a. 3. Hence groove is used to mean: a style of playing jazz or similar music, esp. one that is ‘swinging’ or good; a time when jazz is played well; more widely, one's predilection or favourite style, = bag n. 1 d; something excellent or very satisfying. slang (orig. U.S.).
1932Melody Maker Oct. 836/1 Having such a wonderful time which puts me in a groove. 1933Fortune Aug. 90/2 The jazz musicians gave no grandstand performances; they simply got a great burn from playing in the groove. 1935Hot News Sept. 17/1 The Boswells are not in the hot groove. 1936Rhythm Apr. 27/2 His first chorus in the latter is really in the right groove, but he loses it completely in the next one. 1940Swing Nov. 27 Travelin' has a sax-unison melody somewhat in the Tuxedo groove. 1946B. Treadwell Big Book of Swing 124/2 In the groove, everything going O.K. 1954Jive Jungle 32 The all night ‘grooves’ began. 1957M. Mezzrow in S. Traill Concerning Jazz 18 What we had played was so good I doubted if we could even get in that same groove again. 1958G. Lea Somewhere there's Music iv. 35 Romance? No, bruz, that's not my groove. 1959N. Mailer Advts. for Myself (1961) 296 If you as a cat are way out too, and we are in the same groove.., why then you say simply, ‘I dig.’ 1962R. Manheim tr. Grass's Tin Drum iii. 518 We made music, played ourselves into the groove. 1966Melody Maker 15 Oct. 19 The rhythm team..developed a very propulsive rhythmic groove. 1967Ibid. 16 Dec. 8 This is what makes the Indian one such a groove for me.
†5. A gardener's transplanting tool. Obs.
1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Orange Tree, He must take away with his displanting Groove as much of the Earth as he can. 1726Dict. Rust. (ed. 3), Groove, a Gardiners Tool for transplanting Flowers.
6. attrib. and Comb., as groove-piece; groove-board, in an organ (see quot.); groove cast Geol., a ridge on the lower surface of a layer of sandstone corresponding to a groove on underlying mudstone; groove-fellow, one of a company of men working a mine or a section of it in partnership; groove-going a., that travels ‘in a groove’, that keeps to one course; groove-hole dial. (see quot. 1893 in sense 1 b); groove-like a., wanting in novelty or originality; groove-locating unit, a device that indicates the position of a stylus on a record as the record is played; groove-roller (see quot.)
1881C. A. Edwards Organs 55 Where there is..not room for the entire sound board, or..for the larger pipes,..they are..supplied by means of grooves cut usually in the upper board or in a kind of second upper board called a *groove-board.
1948R. R. Shrock Sequence in Layered Rocks iv. 163 These interesting and puzzling ridges, here designated *groove casts, seem to represent sand fillings (casts) of rectilinear, V-shaped and U-shaped grooves existing in the upper few millimeters of the bottom sediment on which sand was deposited. 1963Krumbein & Sloss Stratigr. & Sedim. (ed. 2) iv. 130 The upper right illustration shows groove casts, elongated parallel grooves or scratches oriented in the direction of current flow.
1829Glover's Hist. Derby i. 74 Each person or company possessing their meer or meers in partnership (called *groove fellows).
1880Kinglake Crimea VI. xi. 429 Under this discipline the *groove-going men winced in agony.
1902Daily Chron. 5 July 8/3 There are commendations without end waiting for the linen frock that displays just a little originality, so *groove-like is the manifestation of that material as a general rule. 1908Westm. Gaz. 4 June 10/3, I think the modern tendency is too groove-like. Once make a success as a Cockney or a love-sick maiden, and a Cockney or a love-sick maiden you will be to the end of time.
1941B.B.C. Gloss. Broadc. Terms 14 *Groove-locating unit, device forming part of a reproducing desk, and consisting of an arm carrying a pick-up, together with a pointer and scale to indicate the position of the needle on the record. 1962A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio viii. 145 BBC studios are equipped with record players which have optical groove-locating units. On these a mirror is fixed beneath the pivot and throws the image of a scale on to a ground-glass screen.
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 90 Iron *groove pieces or channels which are let into the stone-work of the side walls.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., *Groove-rollers, these are fixed in a groove of the tiller-sweep in large ships, to aid the tiller-ropes, and prevent friction.
▪ II. groove, v.|gruːv|
Also 5 groof, 8 gruve.
[f. groove n. Cf. Flem. groeven ‘cælare, sculpere, cauare’ (Kilian).]
1. intr. To sink a mining shaft; to mine. dial.
a1483[see groove n. 1]. 1892[see grooving vbl. n.1].
2. trans. To cut a groove or grooves in; to provide with grooves. (Also with out.) to groove into: to fit into by means of a groove.
1686Plot Staffordsh. 174 If the plaister fall..out from between the Timber..for want of grooving it round within side before the plaister be laid on. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 322/1 In these holes are threads of Screws grooved inwards. 1721Swift G. Nim-Dan-Dean's Answ. to Sheridan 28 One letter still another locks, Each groov'd and dove⁓tail'd like a box. 1751W. & J. Halfpenny New Designs Chinese Bridges ii. 8 The side Timbers and middle Pieces..are gruv'd and bolted together. 1808Shelley Zastrozzi i. Pr. Wks. 1888 I. 6 One end being grooved into the solid wall. 1848Bailey Festus ix. (1852) 115 You see yon wretched starved old man; his brow Grooved out with wrinkles. 1870Ruskin Lect. Art ii. 44 It may be possible to show the necessities of structure which groove the fangs..of the asp. 1899Edin. Rev. Apr. 316 A metamorphic rock..rent by earthquakes, fissured, grooved, eroded.
3. To cut in the form of a groove or channel; to excavate (a channel). Also, to force itself along a channel.
1866R. S. Storrs Serm. in Nat. Preacher (N.Y.), When the searching, scientific spirit awakens among men,..they..hunt the records that are grooved upon rocks. 1881Shairp Asp. Poetry v. 128 High-pitched imagination and vivid emotion tend..to groove for themselves channels of language which are peculiar and unique. 1883Century Mag. XXVII. 146 The glacier moves silently,..grooving the record of its being on the world itself. 1890H. M. Stanley Darkest Africa II. xxviii. 259 The Rami-lulu [river] had eventually furrowed and grooved itself deeply through.
4. a. pass. and intr. To fit or be fitted as into a groove. rare.
1854De Quincey War Wks. IV. 271 Phenomena of chance growth, not..so grooved into the dark necessities of our nature, as we had all taken for granted. 1886C. Gibbon Clare of Claresmede I. ix. 109 Sheldon adjoined Winston, and would groove into that estate nicely.
b. fig. To settle or be settled into (or in) a routine of work, habit, etc. Also with down.
1866J. Conington Let. 28 June in Misc. Writ. (1872) I. p. lvi, I am grooving down into work here. 1879Froude Cæsar ii. 10 Morality thus engrained in the national character and grooved into habits of action creates strength, as nothing else creates it. 1922A. S. M. Hutchinson This Freedom i. v, She found Anna grooved in the business of helping her mother in the house.
5. intr. To play jazz or similar music with ‘swing’; to be ‘in the groove’ (see groove n. 4 b); to dance or listen to such music with great pleasure; hence, to make good progress or co-operate; to get on well with someone; to make love. Also trans., to play (music) swingingly; to give pleasure to (a person). slang (orig. U.S.).
1935Vanity Fair Nov. 38/1 That's the third date we've grooved half a dozen schmaltzy tunes. 1937in Amer. Speech XII. 182/1 Men who can lay on sugar or groove it. 1945‘Dizzy’ Gillespie (title of tune) Groovin' high. 1959Esquire Nov. 70 I, To groove someone means to provide them with enjoyment. Example: Her singing grooved me. 1960Melody Maker 31 Dec. 11/5 (record title) Benny Golson ‘Groovin' with Golson’. 1967Observer (Colour Suppl.) 4 Dec. 28 Groove, make good progress, co-operate. 1967Melody Maker 16 Dec. 10/7 The rhythm section..grooves along in true Basie manner. 1968Listener 5 Sept. 306/3 The radio Peel is quiet, self-mocking, sardonic and scornful of the ‘let's move and groove to this latest gas group from Croydon’ school of presentation. 1970New Yorker 14 May 34/2 Sad Arthur put away his boots and helmet..to stay in Nutley and groove with the fair Lambie. 1970Observer 24 May 40/6 We're trying to get humanity to transcend its cultural limitations and groove with it. |