| 释义 |
▪ I. grouse, n.1|graʊs|
Forms: 6–7 grows, (? grewes), 7–9 grous, (7 groose, 8 groust (?), grouss, growse), 7– grouse.
[Of unknown origin; it is uncertain whether the 16th c. form grows is a sing. (used collect.) or the pl. of *grow; in the latter case cf. Giraldus Cambrensis (c 1210) Topogr. Hib. Opera (Rolls) V. 47 ‘gallinæ campestres, quas vulgariter grutas vocant’.
The suggestion that grouse is a spurious singular evolved to match the supposed plural grice appears to be inadmissible. grice2 (= grouse) occurs only once, and is in that instance neither plural nor collective; moreover, it may be merely a mistaken recollection of Cotgrave's, due to the suggestion of F. griesche. Grouse occurs nearly a century earlier, and first as a pl. or collective.]
1. a. In scientific use, any of the gallinaceous birds having feathered feet (the family Tetraonidæ of many naturalists, of which the largest genera are Tetrao and Lagopus). b. In popular use, restricted almost entirely to the reddish-coloured game bird of the British Islands, Lagopus (formerly Tetrao) scoticus, more particularly called Red Grouse, and also commonly known as Moor Fowl or Moor Game.
Besides the Red Grouse, the most important British varieties are: Black G., Tetrao tetrix, Black Game or Heath Fowl, the male being called blackcock and the female grey-hen. Wood or Great G., the capercailye, Tetrao urogallus. White G., Lagopus mutus, the ptarmigan, locally called also Rock Grouse. Other European and American varieties are: Canada G., Canace or Dendragapus canadensis, called also Spotted Grouse. Dusky G., Canace or Dendragapus obscurus. Pinnated G., Cupidonia cupido. Ruffed G., Bonasa umbellus; another species is the hazel-grouse, B. silvestris. Sage G., Centrocercus urophasianus. Sharp-tailed G., a grouse of the genus Pediœcetes.
1531Househ. Ord. in Archæol. III. 157 [Among fowl for the tables are crocards, winders, runners, grows, and peions]. a1547in Househ. Ord. (1790) 220 Prices of all kindes of Poultry-stuff..Grewes 14d. 1603Act 1 Jas. I, c. 27 §1 Any Phesant Partridge..Ducke Teale Wigeon Grouse Heathcocke Moregame [etc.]. 1611Cotgr., Francoule;..as Francolin; or (as some imagine) our Moore-game, or Grouse. 1674J. Josselyn Voy. New Eng. 99 They are indeed a sort of Partridges called Grooses. 1678Ray Willughby's Ornith. 173 The Heathcock or Black game or Grous, called by Turner the Morehen. 1725Swift Receipt to Stella Wks. 1755 IV. i. 43 The squires in scorn will fly the house For better game, and look for grouse. 1766Pennant Zool. (1768) I. 205 The Francolino is not the same with our grous. 1769De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. IV. 244 Partridge, Groust, Plover..and Snipes. 1772J. R. Forster in Phil. Trans. LXII. 397, 1. The great Cock of the Wood, Tetrao Urogallus Linn... 3. The Spotted Grous, T. Canadensis, T. Canace. 4. The Ruffed Grous, T. Umbellus. 5. The Shoulder-knot Grous, T. Togatus. 1773Ibid. LXIII. 229 The common Grous..is well known to be a bird of most excellent flavour. 1790Burns Elegy M. Henderson vii, Ye grouss that crap the heather bud. 1801Southey Thalaba xi. xxiii, From yonder pines they hear The clatter of the Grouse's wings. 1808Pike Sources Mississ. (1810) 44 Killed nothing but five prairie hens..this bird I took to be the same as grouse. 1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. I. 277 Tetrao lagopus, Lin. Ptarmigan or White Grous. 1893Westm. Gaz. 1 Apr. 6/1 The prairie chickens (sharp-tailed grouse) meet every morning at grey dawn in companies of from six to twenty. 1894Outing (U.S.) XXIV. 385/1 The pinnated grouse, or prairie chicken. 1900Longman's Mag. Mar. 447 Colonel Dasent went off to shoot grouse.
c. Applied to birds of the genera Syrrhaptes and Pterocles, the sand-grouse, q.v., formerly referred to the genus Tetrao.
1772J. R. Forster in Phil. Trans. LXII. 397 The Pyrenæan Grous, T[etrao] Alchata, Linn.
d. The flesh of the bird.
1786Wolcot (P. Pindar) Bozzy & Piozzi i. Wks. 1816 I. 258 With ev'ry rarity she fill'd her house, And gave the doctor, for his dinner, grouse. 1899Phil. Robinson in Contemp. Rev. Dec. 794, I saw a scrap of grouse thrown to a pug.
†2. Used as a term of contempt. Obs. rare—1.
1633B. Jonson Tale Tub ii. i, Look to 't, young growse.
3. attrib. and Comb., as grouse-butt, grouse-chick, grouse-cock, grouse-disease, grouse-drive, grouse-dung, grouse-hackle, grouse-land, grouse-moor, grouse-pie, grouse-protector, grouse-shooter, grouse-sledge; grouse-breeding, grouse-shooting, grouse-stalking vbl. ns.; grouse-berry U.S., the blueberry, Vaccinium scoparium; cf. deer-berry; grouse-pigeon, the sand-grouse.
1804A. F. M. Willich Domestic Encycl. III. 150/2 It is called Canadian Gaultheria, or Mountain Tea, *Grouse-berry, Deer-berry, Ground-ivy. 1932P. A. Rydberg Flora Prairies & Plains Cent. N. Amer. 618 V[accinium] scoparium... Grouse-berry.
1898Daily News 20 Dec. 7/3 As he walked with his guests over his sheep feeding and *grouse-breeding estate.
1904Westm. Gaz. 26 Aug. 3/1 One of the unfailing topics that come up..for debate..is the mental attitude of the driven grouse towards the *grouse-butt. The opinion of the good men of old, who were in their prime in the beginning of the grouse-driving, [etc.].
1888Pall Mall G. 11 Aug. 5/2 The young *grouse-chicks.
1860G. H. K. in Vac. Tour. 138 Scrambling upwards along the bed of the burn, startling the *grousecock. 1884W. C. Smith Kildrostan 63 And the grouse-cock gaily crowing Fears not either dog or gun.
1884St. James's Gaz. 22 Aug. 7/1 Mr. Speedy discusses the question of *grouse-disease at considerable length.
1882Society 21 Oct. 19/1 The setting out for a deer-drive or a *grouse-drive is romantic.
1904*grouse-driving [see grouse-butt]. 1933Times Lit. Suppl. 16 Mar. 175/4 The no less difficult art of grouse-driving on a Yorkshire moor.
1867F. Francis Angling vi. (1880) 244 The *Grouse Hackle, a capital hot-weather fly.
1897Daily Chron. 22 July 4/5 The *grouse lands of Ireland.
1863Kingsley Water-Bab. iv. 131 He smelt..the wafts of heather honey off the *grouse-moor far above.
1770E. Montagu Let. 31 Aug. in Private Corr. David Garrick (1831) I. 395, I shall endeavour to send you a *grouse pie. 1861Mrs. Beeton Bk. Househ. Managem. 516 (heading) Grouse pie. 1931H. Nicolson Diary 26 Sept. (1966) 92 We have..grouse⁓pie and mushrooms.
1895Mountain, Moor & Loch 93 Little rattling squares of tin hung at intervals along the telegraph wires, and particularly at the opening of glens. These are known as ‘*grouse protectors’, and are hung thus in order that their noise in the wind may warn the grouse of the existence of a danger.
1832Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. I. 186/3 A neat little mountain inn, much frequented..by fishers and *grouse-shooters. 1860G. H. K. in Vac. Tour. 126 The blue hare..is a..plague both to the sheep-farmer..and the grouse-shooter.
1785G. A. Bellamy Apology for Life (ed. 2) I. 163 *Grouse shooting claimed his attention in Autumn, and hunting in winter. 1814Scott Wav. vi, The diversion of grouse-shooting upon his moors in Perthshire. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 251 Some quiet grouse-shooting or deer-stalking resort in the Highlands of Scotland.
1892Sir R. Payne-Gallwey in Field 14 May 733/2 *Grouse Sledge. [Contains] a receptacle for the grouse, cartridge bags, &c.
1893J. Watson Confess. Poacher 122 *Grouse stalking is fascinating sport, done from behind an old moorland horse.
▪ II. grouse, n.2 slang.|graʊs|
[f. grouse v.2]
A grumble or complaint: a reason for grumbling.
1918W. Owen Let. 17 July (1967) 564 I'll make my grouse. Why didn't you come to Scarborough for a few days? Ibid. 15 Oct. 585 The Parcel came all right; my only grouse is that it was too big. 1923Pictorial Weekly CXIX. 127/1 A Transfer ‘Grouse’. 1927Daily Express 27 Apr. 3/1, I cannot understand the point of view of the hanging committee... I have no grouse against them. I am not an Academician, but I do not agree with their choice. Ibid. 5 Oct. 3/4 The ‘moan’ of a Gun Room is the naval version of an Army ‘grouse’.
▪ III. grouse, v.1|graʊs|
[f. grouse n.1]
intr. To shoot grouse. Also transf. (cf. snipe vb.).
c1798Hope in R. R. Madden Lit. Rem. United Irishmen (1887) 100 In Wexford and Wicklow 'tis said That Orange for Croppies went grousing. 1802[see grousing vbl. n.]. 1824Mirror III. 151/1 A gentleman, residing near Cader Idris, while grousing in that neighbourhood [etc.].
▪ IV. grouse, v.2 Army slang.|graʊs, gruːs|
Also grouce.
[Origin unknown. The word has a curious resemblance to Norman Fr. dial. groucer = OF. groucier, grousser: see grutch.]
intr. To grumble.
1887Kipling From Sea to Sea (1899) II. 396 That's the only thing as 'ill make the Blue Lights stop grousin' and stiffin'... ‘Grousing’ is sulking, and ‘stiffin'’ is using unparliamentary language. 1892R. Kipling Barrack-room Ballads 47 If you're cast for fatigue by a sergeant unkind, Don't grouse like a woman, nor crack on, nor blind. 1896Daily News 2 July 9/1 The camels groused and gurgled afar off. 1897Chamb. Jrnl. 86 It cannot be said with truth that British soldiers never grumble or ‘grouce’ as they call it.
▪ V. grouse, a. Austral. and N.Z. slang.|graʊs|
Formerly also grouce.
[Origin unknown.]
Excellent, very good.
[1938Partridge Dict. Slang (ed. 2) Add. 1000/2 The grouse. (Only predicatively.) Very good: Australian cant: C.20. Origin?] 1941Baker Dict. Austral. Slang 33 Grouce, grouse, good, excellent. 1944L. Glassop We were Rats i. i. 5 You know them two grouse sheilas we've got the meet on with tomorrer night? 1947D. M. Davin Gorse blooms Pale 200 An Iti bint, a real grouse brush she was, with bonzer black eyes. 1963Australasian Post 14 Mar. 51/2 ‘Real good, Knobs... How about you?’ ‘Extra grouse.’ 1968Telegraph (Brisbane) 1 May 24/3 (heading) Grouse slang guide.
▪ VI. grouse
obs. form of gross. |