| 释义 |
▪ I. ˈunderlie, n. Mining.
[under-1 4 d.]
= underlay n. 3. Also attrib.
1778W. Pryce Min. Cornub. 80 The underlie or inclination of the Lode. 1818W. Phillips Geol. 106 When the underlie is towards the north, the strata are universally elevated on that side. 1855[J. R. Leifchild] Cornwall 100 The curvatures and irregularities in the underlie of lodes. 1875J. H. Collins Metal Mining 36 The chief advantage of an underlie shaft.
▪ II. underˈlie, v.
[OE. underlicgan (f. under-1 4 a + licgan lie v.1), = MDu. and Du. onderliggen, MHG. underligen, G. unterliegen, MSw. undirliggia, Da. underligge.]
†1. trans. To be subject or subordinate to (a person or thing); to submit to or be controlled by.
Also (quot. 1382) const. to in place of earlier dative.
c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xxviii. 189 Ða under⁓ðieddan mon sceal læran..ðæt hi him [sc. their superiors] eaðmodlice underlicgen. c1000ælfric Saints' Lives i. 155 Heo [sc. the soul] bið atelic þurh leahtras ᵹif he him underlið. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxvii. (Machor) 807 Mony printeise þat redy were Til vndirly his dyscypline. 1382Wyclif Heb. xiii. 17 Obeye ȝe to ȝoure prouostis, or prelatis, and vndir-ligge [L. subjacete] to hem. a1500in Ratis Raving, etc. 16 All elyk wnder-lyis vanite, and drawis till a law place downwart. 1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 205 The king..condiscendit to thir desiris; sa the said Donald come..at Dounstafage to underly his will. 1594Carew Tasso (1881) 92 But mongst our selues,..[I say] That others vnderly you, [who] safely might Cull out some ten to patronize her right.
2. To submit or be subjected to; to have (or allow to be) imposed on one; to undergo or suffer under:
a. a punishment, penalty, accusation, etc.
Very common in older Sc. use: cf. next. Also (quot. 1382) const. to in place of dative.
c960Rule St. Benet xxxii. 56 Ᵹif he betan nele, underlicgge he rihtlicre þreale. a1300Cursor M. 6691 Qua smites his thain wit a wand,..If he liue ouer a dai or tuin, Þe lauerd sal vnderli na pain. Ibid. 22206 Þan sal all þaa..underli sa waful wrake. 1382Wyclif Exod. xxi. 31 The sone forsothe and the douȝter if it smyte with horn, to the lijk sentence he shal vnderligge. c1400Apol. Loll. 19 Þus it semiþ al onli in effect an heretik schuld vnderly þe curse of þe kirk. 1442Reg. Mag. Sig. 64/1 Till underly the charge of ath breking. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 275 Sa that..the accusour be oblist to underly the payne of talyoun. 1540Rec. Elgin (1903) I. 52 [He] is content to vnderlie the sentence of the bailzeis. 1593G. Harvey Pierce's Super. Answ. Let., They that would rather vnderly the reproche of obscuritie, than ouercharge their mediocritie. 1612J. Davies (Heref.) Muse's Sacr. Wks. (Grosart) II. 66/2 Praying for patience still to vnder-ly The heauie waight of this Worlds iniurie. 1678Sir G. Mackenzie Crim. Laws Scot. i. xxi. §4 (1699) 112 [He] shall incur and underly the pain and punishment of death. 1819Scott Ivanhoe xxvii, This defiance hath already been sent to thee by thy sewer; thou underliest it, and art bound to answer me. 1857J. W. Donaldson Chr. Orthod. 259 He underlies also the graver charge of intentional misrepresentation. 1882O'Donovan Merv Oasis I. xv. 254 Since my last visit to the Russian lines I had underlain a ban.
b. Sc. the law. (Common 16–17th c.)
1453Extr. Aberd. Reg. (1844) I. 403 To ansueir and under⁓lie the law. 1507Reg. Privy Seal Scotl. 205/2 To underly the law for the said slauchter. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 51 To underly the law for sic crymes. 1678Sir G. Mackenzie Crim. Laws Scot. i. xi. §16 (1699) 67 His Forefaulture could not fall to the King, upon a simple Denunciation for not appearing to underly the Law. 1752J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 37 There to underly the Law for the Crime foresaid. 1838W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. 489 To appear and underlie the law.
†c. Sc. (and north.) a charge or burden. Obs.
c1400Rule St. Benet (Verse) 1012 Who salbe meke,..Bus hald þam-self vile & worthy Al maners of charch to vnderly. 1473Reg. Cupar Abbey I. 183 Tha sal gane to the monk myre of Coupergrange, and thar tak thar feuale, vndyrlyand al chargis of the wenyng of the myre. 1475Ibid. 203 He sal ondyrly and kep our conyngar fra all scath and peryl. 1565in Hay Fleming Mary Q. of Scots (1897) 495 He onderlyis charge and expensis for the keping of the said Castell. 1622Bruce in Serm., etc. (1843) 131 To show..how unable I am to undertake and underly such a journey and charge.
3. To lie under or beneath; to subtend.
Esp. in Geol. of strata lying under others.
a1600Hooker Eccl. Pol. viii. i. §2 In a figure triangle..the self same Line is both a Base and also a Side;..a Base if it chance to be the bottom and underly the rest. 1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 398 These deep-seated igneous formations must underlie all the strata containing organic remains. 1861L. L. Noble Icebergs 139 The dark-blue inland hills..underlie a sky of unutterable beauty. 1881Nature XXIV. 497 They must be everywhere underlain by the..Middle Coal Measures.
b. fig. To form a basis or foundation to; to exist beneath the surface-aspect of.
In common use from c 1860.
1856Kingsley Misc. (1859) II. 13 Let the details go for what they are worth; the idea, the spirit which underlies them, is still invaluable. 1866J. Martineau Ess. I. 46 Must a false postulate underlie the whole fabric? 1873Symonds Grk. Poets x. 308 Theocritus..fully felt the charm which underlies the facts of rustic life.
†4. intr. To lie below ground; to be buried.
1648Herrick Hesper., Death of Sparrow, She..for this dead which under-lies, Wept out her heart. 1739in J. O. Payne Rec. Eng. Cath. (1889) 54 Here underlyes William Plowden honourably and very anciently descended.
5. Mining. = underlay v. 5.
1778W. Pryce Min. Cornub. 80 Some Fissures do not alter much from a perpendicular; and some do underlie a fathom in a fathom. 1800Ann. Reg., Chron. 436 It dips or underlies south, one foot in a fathom. 1855[J. R. Leifchild] Cornwall Mines 100 Instances..in which veins of almost every description dip or underlie in almost every direction. 1899Daily News 3 Nov. 2/6 The vein underlies west 10 degrees from the vertical.
▪ III. underlie
obs. Sc. var. wonderly a. |