| 释义 |
† underˈnim, v. Obs.
Forms: (see under-1 8 a and nim v.).
[OE. underniman (f. under- under-1 8 + niman nim v.), = OS. undarniman (to interrupt), MDu. and Du. ondernemen, OHG. untarneman (MHG., MLG. undernemen, G. unternehmen).]
1. trans. To take into the mind (or sense):
a. To understand, comprehend, perceive; to feel. Also const. that.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xix. 12 Ne underfoð ealle menn þis word... Undernyme, se þe undernyman mæᵹe. a1023Wulfstan Hom. lviii. (1883) 305 Man mæᵹ swiðe eaðe witan, se ðe hit underniman wile, þæt hit eallunga riht nis [etc.]. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 11 Ac ich wile seȝen, undernimeð hit, hwat makeð swilch letten. c1230Hali Meid. 19 Ne underneomeð nawt, quoð he, þis ilke word alle. c1250Gen. & Ex. 1553 Quan ysaac it under-nam ðat esau to late cam. 13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 213 He ossed hym by vnnynges þat þay vnder-nomen, Þat he was flawen fro þe face of frelych dryȝtyn. c1386Chaucer Sec. Nun's T. 243 Whan that he the sauour vndernoom, Which that the Roses and the lilies caste. c1400St. Alexius (Laud 463) 199 Sone he it vnder⁓nom, þat he to a borugh com, þat mychel was.
b. To receive by instruction; to learn.
c1000ælfric Saints' Lives xxix. 76 He..folᵹode paule..and deoplice under-nam drihtnes lare æt him. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 83 For þat þe hie undernomen þe wise lore of ionan þe prophete. a1225Leg. Kath. 117 Hire feder hefde iset hire earliche to lare, & heo..undernom hit se wel þet nan nes hire euening.
2. To take upon oneself; to undertake.
c1000ælfric Hom. I. 590 Ᵹif þu leornian wille hu þæt ᵹewurðan mæᵹe, þonne undernim ðu leorning-cnihtes hiw. c1175Lamb. Hom. 55 Bute weo hes [= them] halden we doð sunne, and uwilc mon hes undernim to halden wel. c1205Lay. 26734 We..þis feht habbeoð under-numen buten Arðures rede. a1225Ancr. R. 202 Pusillanimitas, þet is, to poure iheorted..eni heih þing to undernimen. 1340Ayenb. 83 Non ne is aryȝt preus..þet ne ys hardy and zyker to greate þinge ondernime. c1425Seven Sages (P.) 2858, I am comen For were that thou havest undirnome, For to helpe the.
b. absol. To undertake a journey; to travel.
c1205Lay. 8067 Al þat freoliche folc..þene daie heo vnder⁓nomen, & to Lundene heo comen. c1325Orfeo 441 With ryght gode wille they can out gon... So long they have undernome, That to Crassens they were ycome.
3. To reprove, rebuke.
Occas. miswritten or misprinted undermyn(e, -mine.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 2727 Ðis on wulde don ðe toðer wrong; And moyses nam ðer-of kep,..And vndernam him ðat it aȝte awold. a1325Prose Psalter xxxiv. 19 Hij vndernimmeden me wyþ vnder-nyminge, & gnaisted vp me wyþ her teþe. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 292 Ech man schulde bi þe lawe of þe gospel vndirnyme ech broþer þat synneþ aȝens him. c1425Orolog. Sapient. vi. in Anglia X. 373/21 Wheþer þy seruaunte..dorste be so bolde forto reprehende & vndirnime..his lorde. c1449Pecock Repr. i. xvii. 97 He comith not to liȝt, that hise werkis ben not vndernome.
absol.a1400New Test. (Paues) 2 Tim. iv. 2 Vndernyme þou, & byseche, & blame þou in eferich pacyence & in techynge. c1449Pecock Repr. Prol. 2 Wherbi he canne schewe and proue it to be a defaute for which he vndir⁓nymeth and blameth.
b. Const. of (a fault, etc.).
c1320Cast. Love 1420 He among hem com, And of misbileue he hem vndernom. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 115 Who-so vndernymeth me here-of I hate hym dedly after. 14..Hoccleve Min. Poems 126/455 What art thow now presumptuous become, And list nat of thy mis been vndir⁓nome? a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 87 As the wiff of Amon, that undernam not her husbonde of his foly. a1470H. Parker Dives & Pauper (W. de W. 1496) iv. vii. 169/1 Byfore all the monkes he undername the cellerer of his pryde.
c. refl. To convict (oneself).
1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 208 If otherwise he can not the lawe of the Lorde he reproueth and vndernymeth himself to be noo priest of his Lorde.
4. To take or catch, esp. secretly or unawares; to surprise.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 151 Monie kunnes men foleȝeden ure drihten,..summe to kunnen if heo mihten him mid sunne undernime. a1225Leg. Kath. 122 Modie meistres & feole fondeden hire ofte..for to underneomen hire. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2135 Ic rede ðe..To..gaderen coren, ðat ðin folc ne wurð vnder-numen, Quan ðo hungri ȝere ben forð-cumen. 13..Guy Warw. (A.) 613 And he of mi loue vnder-nome were..Me þenke y no myȝt it him nouȝt werne. 1340Ayenb. 173 Þe dyeaþ ssel come þet ofte ondernimþ þane zeneȝere huer he ne nimþ none hede.
b. To take away by stealth. (Also OE.)
1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 45 He supplanted me of my patrymonye and now..he hath undernome from me my blessyng.
5. To receive into one's hands or charge.
13..St. Gregory 174 in Herrig Archiv LVII. 61 Þe kniȝt þat leuedi vnder nom And ladde hire forþ wiþ moche honour. c1325Orfeo 306 To his owne lady wel ny he come, And hur wel ny had undernome;..His owe lady, dam Erodysse. |