| 释义 |
▪ I. guarantee, n.|gærənˈtiː|
Also 7 garante, 9 guarrantee.
[The early form garanté (sense 1) is perh. a. Sp. garante = F. garant, OF. guarant, warant (whence warrant n.). The later development guarantee (with which cf. grandee from Sp. grande) was subsequently misused for guaranty, being perh. taken as a semi-phonetic adoption of F. garantie; hence senses 2 and 3 below. Sense 4 should perh. be regarded as a distinct word; it may however be viewed as a perversion of the meaning of the word, produced by identifying the ending with -ee1 of legal terms.]
1. A person or party that makes a guaranty or gives a security; a guaranteeing party.
1679Penn Addr. Prot. ii. v. (1692) 139 As if he..could be their Garanté, in t'other World, they become very insolicitous of any further search here. 1683Apol. Prot. France v. 68 That promise, of which our King was the Garante. 1710Lond. Gaz. No. 4713/1 The second complained of the Violation of the Treaty..of which..the King of Prussia was a Guarantee. a1715Burnet Own Time iv. (1724) 663 Pursuant to an article of the treaty of Nimeguen, of which the King of England was the guarantee. 1724Swift Drapier's Lett. Wks. 1755 V. ii. 92, I will not venture to be your guarantee. 1753Scots Mag. Jan. 8/2 His allies should be guarantees. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. II. 63 They are the sole trustees, guarantees, and managers of the national bank. 1819R. Chapman Jas. V, 123 The emperor..was guarantee of the treaty of marriage betwixt her and the elector. 1855Milman Lat. Chr. xi. v. (1864) VI. 450 He even threatened the King of England with interdict, if, as guarantee of the treaty, he should enforce its forfeitures. 1860Woolsey Introd. Internat. Law §105 (1875) 129 If he guarantees a debt, and the payment is refused, he is not bound to make it good; for in this, according to Vattel, lies the difference between a surety and a guarantee. 1871Blackie Four Phases i. 151 He stood guarantee that I should remain and wait the result of the trial.
2. The act of guaranteeing or giving a security; = guaranty n. 1.
1786Burke Charges agst. W. Hastings Wks. 1813 (4°) VI. 692 Taking occasion from a late application of Fyzoola Khân for the Company's guarantee. 1806Wellington in Owen Wellesley's Desp. (1877) p. civ, This very act of guarantee has always been considered important in India. 1832H. Martineau Ella of Gar. vii. 88 The laird was willing to enter into the proposed guarantee. 1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. III. 341 At length, having received sufficient guarantee, he assented. 1883Stevenson Silverado Sq. 17 This I relate as I heard it, without guarantee. 1886Law Times LXXXII. 94/2 A material alleviation of the strictness with which contracts of guarantee are enforced.
3. Something given or existing as security, e.g. for fulfilment of an engagement or conditions; = guaranty n. 3.
1832Lewis Use & Ab. Pol. Terms xi. 95 Good education is no guarantee. 1836Longfellow in Life (1891) I. 227 Your love for literary labor is a sure guarantee of success. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. II. viii. 90 This announcement was received as a guarantee of their personal safety. 1860W. Collins Wom. White i. ix. 46 My situation in life was considered a guarantee. 1876Mozley Univ. Serm. iv. 75 Our Lord anticipates the time when active zeal for Himself will be no guarantee. 1894H. Drummond Ascent Man 390 Sacred and happy homes..are the surest guarantees for the moral progress of a nation.
4. A person to whom a guaranty is given: the correlative of guarantor.
1853Bouvier Law Dict. U.S. (1856) s.v., The guarantee is entitled to receive payment, in the first place, from the debtor, and secondly, from the guarantor. 1875Poste Gaius iii. Comm. (ed. 2) 403 Guarantors are relieved by the guarantee being compelled, if one is ready to pay the whole, to sell him the debt of the others.
5. attrib.: guarantee fund, a sum of money pledged as a contingent indemnity for future loss; guarantee society (see quot. 1858).
1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India III. 508 The President of the Board announced to the Court, their consent to extend the amount of the Guarantee Fund to two millions. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Guarantee Societies, certain joint⁓stock companies, which, upon payment of an agreed premium, guarantee to the employer the honesty of a person employed, or, at least, undertake to make good any defalcations in his accounts. 1879McCarthy Own Times II. xxi. 107 A guarantee fund of two hundred thousand pounds was very soon obtained. 1891Pall Mall G. 14 Oct. 7/1 The guarantee arrangement made with certain of the Australasian colonies for testing the effect of a 4s. rate to Australia. 1897Westm. Gaz. 21 April 7/3 He has decided to give up the country [sc. hunting it] unless a guarantee subscription of {pstlg}2,000 a year is forthcoming.
Hence guaranˈteeship.
1715M. Davies Athen. Brit. I. 227 Its Catholick Union scarce ever going any further than the Politick Point of Tolerating one another under the Papal Guaranteeship.
▪ II. guarantee, v.|gærənˈtiː|
[f. guarantee n.]
1. trans. To be a guarantee, warrant, or surety for; spec. to undertake with respect to (a contract, the performance of a legal act, etc.) that it shall be duly carried out; to make oneself responsible for the genuineness of (an article); hence, to assure the existence or persistence of; to set on a secure basis.
1791Burke Th. Fr. Affairs Wks. 1802 IV. 22 Publick treaties made under the sanction, and some of them guaranteed by the Sovereign Powers of other nations. 18..Ld. Brougham (Ogilvie), By the treaty of alliance she guaranteed the Polish constitution in a secret article. 1860Woolsey Introd. Internat. Law §105 (1875) 128 Thus, the treaty of Teschen..which was guaranteed by Russia, renewed the treaties of Westphalia. 1860[see guarantee n. 1]. 1865Kingsley Herew. xvii, If he would but guarantee the Danish laws..to all north of the Watling street. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) II. ix. 432 It is a more difficult question whether Harold's succession was at all guaranteed. 1874Sayce Compar. Philol. i. 55 Written languages guarantee a systematic pronunciation. 1876L. Stephen Eng. Thought 18th C. I. 17 The intellectual activity of the acuter intellects, however feeble may be its immediate influence, is the great force which stimulates and guarantees every advance of the race.
b. with inf. or obj. clause: To engage to do something; to warrant or ensure that something will happen or has happened.
1820Keats Lamia i. 339 Her beauty..while it smote, still guaranteed to save. 1858J. B. Norton Topics 153, I will undertake to guarantee, that a mass of oppression and injustice..has been wrought under colour of these Acts. 1862Stanley Jew. Ch. (1877) I. v. 107 Here is a case of that precision which guarantees to us that the spot was once well known. 1884Pae Eustace 84 I'll guarantee that he'll never return to Bengurry.
2. To secure the possession of (something) to a person, etc.
1838Prescott Ferd. & Is. i. ii. I. 162 Eager to anticipate the possession of Navarre, which had been guaranteed to them on their father's decease. 1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. III. 553 Liberty to follow the Confession of Augsburg..was guaranteed to the city for its six parish churches. 1860Motley Netherl. (1868) I. iii. 71 In that case he promised..to guarantee to the Prince the earldoms of Holland and Zeeland. 1899Findlay in Expositor Feb. 87 Christ guarantees to the faith of His brethren..a true quittance and defence from sin.
3. To secure (a person or thing) against or from (risk, injury, etc.); to secure in (the possession of anything).
1804Wellesley in Owen Desp. (1877) 451 The British Government was pledged..to guarantee them against all exactions. 1820A. Ranken Hist. France viii. i. §1. 25 The protestant states were now acknowledged and guaranteed in their full rights and privileges. 1832H. Martineau Ella of Gar. vii. 88 Angus was strongly disposed to make the attempt, if he could be guaranteed from loss. 1859Mill Liberty i. 9 On condition of being guaranteed more or less efficaciously against his tyranny.
absol.1823T. Moore Mem. (1853) IV. 62 He could not guarantee against the folly of people in prosecuting.
Hence guaranˈteed, guaranˈteeing ppl. adjs.
1876Daily News 3 Nov. 7/5 The mighty shield of guaranteeing Europe will defend our territorial integrity and our national rights. 1882Macm. Mag. XLVI. 256, I vote the abolition of the guarantees and of the guaranteed. 1892Labour Commission Gloss., Guaranteed men, men employed by a contractor, and having regular wages. 1895A. J. Wilson Gloss. Terms Stock Exch., Guaranteed stocks, Stocks the interest of which is guaranteed by a Government or company are thus described. 1931Economist 24 Jan. 163/1 The remaining proposals involve the cancellation of the present agreements as to the guaranteed day and guaranteed week, overtime on a daily basis, [etc.]. 1939Monthly Labor Rev. (U.S.) Apr. 914 Guaranteed annual wage encouraged by Fair Labor Standards Act. Interpretation..of the Fair Labor Standards Act, 1938..has opened the way for growth of the policy of guaranteed annual wages in industry. 1941Alley & Hall Farmer in N.Z. iv. 113 The Primary Produce Marketing Act 1936..originated the principle of the guaranteed price, which may be summarised as the principle of a state guarantee of a definite price each season to dairy farmers for their butter and cheese and the taking over by the state of the responsibility for marketing these products overseas. 1958N.Z. News 29 July 2/2 The Dairy Board flatly rejected the Government's proposed guaranteed price for butterfat which reduced the return to the farmer by 12 per cent. and upwards. 1964Lebende Sprachen IX. 100/2 Guaranteed bonds are backed by the guaranty of another company. 1970Times 11 Mar. 14/4 A memorandum of March, 1948, headed ‘Guaranteed week’, stated that where workmen regularly worked, say, a six-day week, they should be entitled to a six-day guarantee. |