| 释义 |
aldehyde|ˈældɪhaɪd|
[= Al. dehȳd. abbreviation for Alcohol dehydrogenatum, i.e. Alcohol dehydrogenated, or deprived of hydrogen.]
1. A colourless, very volatile fluid of suffocating smell, obtained by the oxidation of alcohol, which by further oxidation is converted into Acetic Acid.
1850Daubeny Atom. Theory vii. (ed. 2) 193 By the action of oxidizing agents on alcohol..we produce aldehyde. 1862Cornh. Mag. VI. 320 That during the earlier stages of the sojourn of alcohol in the body, it was converted only to aldehyde, or acetic acid, which are lower degrees of oxidation than that represented by carbonic acid and water.
2. An extensive class of compounds of the same type as the above; and bearing the same relation to the alcohols, from each of which a corresponding aldehyde is derived by the removal of two atoms of hydrogen. (Called by Gmelin Aldides.)
Thus Methyl Alcohol CH4O, Methyl Aldehyde CH2O; common or Ethyl Alcohol C2H6O, common or Acetyl Aldehyde, or Acetaldehyde, C2H4O, which has two polymeric modifications called Metaldehyde and Paraldehyde.
1863Watts Dict. Chem. (1879) I. 111 Many aldehydes are obtained directly from plants, either existing ready formed in the plants, or being given off as volatile oils on distilling the plants with water. 1873― Fownes' Chem. 538 Aldehydes are compounds intermediate between alcohols and acids. 1881Abney in Nature XXV. 191 Par-aldehyde has three molecules of aldehyde in its one molecule.
Comb. aldehyde-ammonia: see aldehydate. aldehyde green, a dye, also called aniline green or emeraldine, prepared by the action of aldehyde on magenta. aldehyde-resin, a resinous substance obtained by heating aldehyde with potash in aqueous or alcoholic solution. (Watts.) |