| 释义 |
▪ I. guest, n.|gɛst|
Forms: 1 ᵹiest, ᵹist, ᵹyst, ᵹæst, ᵹest, 2–5 gist(e, 2–6 gest(e, 3–4 gust(e, 4–7 ghest(e, 5–6 geest, (6 geast(e, gehaste), 6 gueste, 6–7 ghuest, (7 Sc. guast), 6– guest. Also pl. 6 gess, 6–7 gesse, guess, 7 guesse.
[Com. Teut.: OE. ᵹiest (ᵹist, ᵹyst), ᵹæst, Anglian (also in ælfric) ᵹęst (? or gęst), = OS. (MDu., Du., LG.), OHG. (MHG., mod.G.) gast, ON. gęst-r (Sw. gäst, Da. gjæst), Goth. gast-s:—OTeut. *gasti-z:—WAryan *ghosti-s, represented also by L. hostis, orig. ‘stranger’, in classical use ‘enemy’ (whence the compound *hosti-pot-, contracted hospit-, hospes guest, host) and by OSl. gostĭ guest, friend. According to Brugmann, the synonymous Gr. ξ-ένος is from *gh's-, wk. grade of the root *ghos- represented in the Teut. word.
According to phonetic law as at present understood, the initial consonant in the OE. word must have had a palatal pronunciation, which would normally yield ME. ȝ, mod.Eng. y. No forms with ȝ or y are, however, known to exist; the abnormal guttural pronunciation is usually explained as due to the influence of ON. gest-r; but the occurrence of hybrid forms like gist, gust |ʏ| in the S.W. dialects of the 13th c. is hard to account for on this supposition.]
1. a. One who is entertained at the house or table of another.
Beowulf 1800 Reste hine ða rumheort..ᵹæst inne swæf. a1000Cædmon's Gen. 2455 Þæt hie behæfdon..Loth mid ᵹiestum. c1020Rule St. Benet lvi. (Logeman) 94 Hospites, ᵹystes. 1154O.E. Chron. an. 1137 (Laud MS.) Martin abbot..fand te munekes & te ᵹestes al þæt heom behoued. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 165 Nis nower non trewðe, for nis þe gist siker of þe husebonde ne noðer of oðer. c1250Gen. & Ex. 1070 Loth hem bead his doȝtres two, for to friðen hise geste swo. c1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 5787 He sed a wel hey word among is gustes [v.rr. gistes, gestes] echon. c1340Cursor M. 14086 (Fairf.) Suche a geste come neuer vn-to þaire hous to rest. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xi. 179 Herodes þe daffe Ȝaf hus douhter..þe hefde Of þe blessyde baptiste by-fore alle hus gustes. 1431Eng. Gilds (1870) 277 The alderman schal haue..to his drynk & for his geestys .j. Galone of ale. 1474Caxton Chesse 115 They coueyte not to haue the goodes of theyr ghestes. c1475Rauf Coilȝear 104 Schir ȝe ar welcome hame, And ȝour Gaist baith. 1566Drant Horace's Sat. iv. H, If..thou shouldst..sauce thy meate with foystie oyles, thy gesse woulde the disdaine. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. i. ii. 21 This night I hold an old accustom'd Feast, Whereto I haue inuited many a Guest. 1648Gage West Ind. xiv. 90 The Indians intreated us to bee their guesse at dinner. 1690Norris Beatitudes (1694) I. 164 He does not..take up his Residence and be a familiar Ghest, til [etc.]. 1733Mrs. H. Pratt in Swift's Lett. (1768) IV. 55, I wish I had a house in some measure worthy to entertain a guest that should be so welcome to me. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles i. xx, For if a hope of safety rest, 'Tis on the sacred name of guest. 1861M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 45 A stone-vaulted kitchen, where dinner could be dressed for an army of guests. 1883C. J. Wills Mod. Persia 243, I agreed..to be the guest of my patient.
Proverb.1546J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 17 An vnbydden geast knoweth not where to syt.
b. transf. and fig. esp. A person or thing personified that comes and is entertained, or is viewed as coming and being entertained.
c1000Whale 29 (Gr.) Ðonne semninga on sealtne wæᵹ mid þa noþe niþer ᵹewiteþ garsecges ᵹæst. a1300Cursor M. 9873 Bot godd, sin he wald sua be gest, In clene sted al most he rest. 1340Ayenb. 249 Huanne þe gate of þe mouþe is open, þe gest of zenne geþ in liȝ[t]liche. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xvi. 199 Mynstralcie can ich nat muche bote make men murye, As a waffrer with waffres and welcome godes gistes. 14..Ecce Aucilla Domini in Tundale's Vis. (1843) 141 God will be borne within thi brest Then seyde tho meydon full myldely To me he schall be a welcom geste. c1420Pallad. on Husb. i. 574 With iiii or v Of thrusshis tamed, putte hem in this mewe To do disport among this gestis newe. 1551Princess Elizabeth in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. II. 163 To hire of your siknes is unpleasant to me..I understande it is your olde gest that is wont oft to viset you. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 449 Lest iealousie, that sower vnwelcome guest, Should by his stealing in disturbe the feast. 1606G. W[oodcocke] Justine 136 b, The bodies of these inhabitants do well away with these two vnwelcom guests, hunger and paine. 1629Sir W. Mure Trve Crvcifixe 680 Graves backe to light their sleeping guasts doe send. 1633R. S. tr. Drexelius' Nicetas 109 That poore yong man became the guest of hogges. 1654Whitlock Zootomia 69 Feavers, the guests (though unwelcome) of the Veines and Arteries. 1691E. Taylor Behmen's Theos. Philos. Incarnation 332, I have so evil a ghest in me. 1713Derham Phys.-Theol. i. iii. 23 Snow; which although an irksom Guest, yet hath its great Uses. a1800Cowper Ode to Peace 1 Come, peace of mind, delightful guest! 1814Cary Dante, Par. xi. 13, I thus gloriously Was raised aloft, and made the guest of heaven.
c. Phr. be my guest: you are welcome to (something); do as you wish.
1955Amer. Speech XXX. 302 Be my guest, used when someone asks for something: ‘Join me’ or ‘Go right ahead’. 1962D. Mayo Island of Sin xiii. 118 Rum? Scotch? Bourbon? Be my guest. 1965New Statesman 14 May 760/3 ‘Did you say something, man?’ the face asked. I took a deep breath..and then I address the face. ‘Not a thing, brother,’ I reply, ‘not a thing. Be my guest.’ 1967J. Gardner Madrigal i. 18 Mostyn gestured towards the telephone. ‘Be my guest,’ said the Chief. 1968D. Francis Forfeit iv. 55 ‘Goodnight, honey.’ ‘Thanks for everything.’ ‘Be my guest.’ 1969B. Malamud Pictures Fidelman 159 ‘Do you mind if I get on top?’ she asked. ‘It's hard to breathe since I had my illness.’ ‘Be my guest.’
†2.
a. A stranger. Obs.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxv. 36 Gest ic wæs and ᵹe somnadon meh. a1000Riddles xvi. 10 (Gr.) Hwonne ᵹæst cume to durum minum him biþ deað witod. c1175Lamb. Hom. 109 Mon mei wurchen elmessan on ete and on wete..and þet mon gistas underuo. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 1374 Na syker wonnyng-sted here haf we,..For as gestes we here soiourne. c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 1062 (1111) Ther is right now y-come in to towne a geste A Grick espie. c1450tr. De Imitatione i. xxiii. 32 Kepe þiself as a pilgrime & a geste upon þe erþe. 1578Lyte Dodoens iii. ix. 327 Chiron..being received as a ghest or straunger in Hercules house or lodging.
b. transf. An object considered as an omen of the coming of a stranger. local.
1727Boyer Angl.-Fr. Dict. s.v., There's a Guest in your Candle, il y a des nouvelles à vôtre chandelle. 1807Hogg Mtn. Bard note vi. Poet. Wks. 1838 II. 331 If a feather, a straw, or any such thing, be observed hanging at a dog's nose or beard, they call that a guest, and are sure of the approach of a stranger.
3. a. A temporary inmate of an hotel, inn, or boarding house.
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 361/62 Hostiler he was þare i-mad gistes to onder-fongue. c1449Pecock Repr. iii. ii. 284 An oosteler seith to his gist. 1533More Debell. Salem Wks. 991/2 He fareth lo lyke a geste, yt maketh hys rekening himselfe without hys hoste. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. iv. ii. 26 Ho. Now, my yong guest; me thinks your' allycholly; I pray you why is it? Iu. Marry (mine Host) because I cannot be merry. 1607Middleton Phoenix i. iii, Sirrah, what guess does this inn hold now? 1631T. Powell Tom All Trades (1876) 141 The Ostlers of Holborne had more than ordinary care to lay up theyr Ghuests bootes. 1774Goldsm. Retal. 4 If our landlord supplies us with beef and with fish Let each guest bring himself, and he brings the best dish. 1845Ford Handbk. Spain i. 24 ‘Let no man’, said Apuleius, ‘think that he is the mere guest of his landlord’. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xxiii. 165, I was the only guest at the hotel.
b. An occasional performer, one not belonging to the regular company in a theatre, etc.
1900W. A. Ellis tr. Glasenapp's Life R. Wagner I. vii. 259 She..appeared four times as ‘guest’ at the theatre.., playing Preziosa, Maria Stuart, [etc.]. 1901Athenæum 27 Apr. 539/2 In addition to the artists of the Hofoper, ‘guests’ from Frankfort, Wiesbaden,..and Vienna will take part in the performances.
4. A man, fellow, ‘customer’. Obs. exc. dial.
c1394[see gleim n. 2]. a1400–50Alexander 460 Þou has ragid..with vnryd gestis. a1440Sir Degrev. 1195 He was the sternest gest ffro heven to helle! 1470–85Malory Arthur vi. vii, Yonder is a shrewde gest sayd syre Madore de la port therfore haue here ones at hym. 1869Lonsdale Gloss., Guest, a creature or person. ‘An ill guest’ = a bad-looking fellow.
5. A parasite animal or vegetable. Also guest-fly.
1864Cobbold Entozoa v. 232 In the case of the adult worm, the happiest cures are readily affected by the expulsion of the ‘guest’, but as regards the larvæ the case is very different. 1887Jrnl. Soc. Arts 29 Sept. 913/1 When the fungus dies, the invaded and malformed part also generally dies, and the plant is further injured by contact of the healthy tissue with the decaying tissue and all its eventual guests and products.
6. attrib. and Comb.
a. simple attrib., as guest-quarters, guest-ranch, guest-register.
b. appositive, as guest-cavalier, guest-friend [cf. G. gastfreund], guest-justice; (sense 3 b) guest actor, guest actress, guest artist (so as v. intr.), guest conductor (so, as a back-formation, guest-conduct vb.), guest critic, guest producer, guest soloist, guest speaker, guest star (so as v. intr.).
c. objective, as † guest-caller, guest-inviter. Also guest-(gall-)fly (see inquiline 2); guest-gift, a gift presented to a guest at parting; guest-hall, a hall or room for the reception of guests; guest-line = guest-rope; guest-master, in a monastery, a monk whose duty it is to entertain guests = hosteler 1; guest-moth, an inquiline moth; guest-night, the night on which guests are entertained at a club, college, etc.; guest-present = guest-gift; guest-psalm (see quot.); † guest-right, ? what is due to a guest; guest-rite(s, a rite or rites to be observed in entertaining a guest (cf. guest-right); guest-room = guest-chamber; guest-size a., of a size (usually smaller than the ‘regular’ size) suitable for a guest; † guest-stable, a stable for the horses belonging to guests; guest-towel, a small hand-towel intended for visitors' use. See also guest-chamber, guest-house.
1961Bowman & Ball Theatre Lang. 164 *Guest actor, a distinguished actor playing temporarily with a repertory or stock company.
1910Busy Man's Mag. Jan. 26 (caption) Miss George has abandoned her regular season to become ‘*guest actress’ at the New Theatre.
1934A. Haskell Balletomania ix. 183 She appeared for him again many times, but only as a *guest-artist during the London seasons. 1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §619.7 Guest-artist, to appear as a guest performer. 1959Listener 19 Mar. 512/3 A guest artist from the Royal Swedish Ballet.
1552Latimer Serm. Lincolnsh. i. (1562) 60 Than we must know how the *gest callers behaued them selues; and then howe the gestes behaued themselues towardes them that called them.
1598Shakes. Merry W. ii. i. 221 Hast thou no suit against my Knight? my *guest-Caualeire?
1933Sat. Even. Post 7 Jan. 15/3 (caption) William Mengelberg, who has served as *guest conductor for many of the leading philharmonic orchestras. 1945Time 16 Apr. 58/3 He will guest-conduct the Minneapolis Symphony. 1968London Symphony Orch. Programme Bk. 7 Mar. 3 At this period he began to make appearances as a guest conductor with most of the important orchestras in Europe.
1925New Yorker 14 Mar. 20/2 Ernest Newman, *guest critic of the Evening Post, packs up his troubles and returns to London.
1879,1884*Guest-flies, guest-gall-flies [see inquiline 2].
a1873Lytton Pausanias 181 Child, I bid thee welcome my *guest-friend, Antagoras of Chios. 1874Mahaffy Soc. Life Greece iii. 47 The Homeric heroes readily give away the gifts of respected guest friends.
1884J. Payne Tales fr. Arabic II. 130 This is my *guest-gift to thee.
c1325Lai le Freine 257 The abbesse and the nonnes alle, Fair him gret in the *gest-halle. 1870Morris Earthly Par. II. iii. 206 They sat within the city's great guest-hall.
1863M. Brydie Tableau fr. Geol. 35 The feast-preparer and the *guest-inviter.
1598Shakes. Merry W. ii. iii. 59 Pardon, *Guest-Iustice.
1926Blackw. Mag. May 624/2 As the Carmania came down she took the force of wind and sea off the boat so that those in her were able to grab the *guest-lines and hold the boat against the ship's sides.
1860Luck Ladysmede (1862) II. 102 He dismissed him courteously, with directions to his *guest-master for his due entertainment. 1897Westm. Gaz. 18 Mar. 10/1, I paid a visit to a monastery of the Silent Monks of La Trappe, and I was shown over the grounds by the Guestmaster.
1885A. Edwards Girton Girl I. xiv. 283 The usual *guest-night at mess. 1894Westm. Gaz. 29 Aug. 3/2 On guest nights at the Savage Club in London he is a welcome guest. 1968Times 11 Dec. 13/8 Guest night in the officers' mess and the bellicosity of sergeants.
1898Q. Rev. July 99 Imported as merchandize or *guest-presents.
1958Times 7 Oct. 5/5 The Belgrade Theatre director's hope to have *guest-producers working in Coventry.
1898J. Robertson Poetry & Relig. Psalms viii. 201 Psalms which have not inappropriately been termed ‘*guest’ psalms. The chief of these are xv., xxiv. 1–6, xxvii. 1–6 and xxiii... From being a worshipper, the psalmist comes to think of himself as a guest.
1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Race Wks. (Bohn) II. 26 This the king calls going into *guest-quarters.
1932Bull. Arizona Agric. Exper. Station cxli. 2 Unclassified. Land owned and operated by the State or a public agency, *guest ranches, private estates, forest products. 1968Punch 31 Jan. 174/3 A ritzy guest-ranch overlooking Santa Barbara.
1926E. Hemingway Torrents of Spring (1933) 58, I..demanded to see the *guest-register.
1615Chapman Odyss. xviii. 88 Ile see thy *guest-right paide Thou here art come In my protection.
c1611― Iliad xviii. 365 Haste Charis, and appose Some daintie *guest-rites to our friend. 1648Herrick Hesper. (1844) II. 49 No comer to thy roof his guest-rite wants. 1838S. Bellamy Betrayal 177 How of the guest-rites paid Unto their presence?
1638Whiting Hist. Albino & Bell. 131 There was but one *guest-roome, Hangd with a pentice cloath spoke age enough. 1809R. Cumberland John De Lancaster I. 175 The practice of introducing noisy children and prattling nurses into the guest-room. 1862H. Marryat Year in Sweden II. 398 He rolled into the guest-room a tun.
1928Daily Mail 25 July 16/6 The sample box containing two *guest-size tablets of Erasmic. 1942‘R. Crompton’ William carries On i. 38 Lemon soap. Guest size. 1951in M. McLuhan Mech. Bride 47/2 We'll send you a guest-size tube absolutely free.
1962Melody Maker 7 July 10/4 The full..bands have already agreed to appear for no fee, as have *guest soloists Terry Lightfoot..and Mike Cotton.
1959Listener 26 Mar. 569/1 The debate..at which Professor A. J. Ayer was the *guest speaker.
1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §619.7 *Guest-star, to appear as a guest performer. 1951L. Hobson Celebrity (1953) xiii. 206 Kitterley had begun to guest-star on just about every radio programme on the air. 1957Webster, Guest artist or guest star.
1471–2Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 644 Pro punctuacione..super le *Geststable.
1921Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 6 Apr. 4/5 (Advt.), Huckaback *Guest Towels in a very fine quality; offered at a snap price. 1922S. Lewis Babbitt i. 6 He wiped his face on the guest-towel.., a pansy-embroidered trifle. 1967‘K. O'Hara’ Unknown Man vi. 55 Giving..attention..to the match of James's guest-towels and the serving of James's dinners.
Add:[6.] [b.] guest beer, (a) in a free house, a beer which is available only temporarily; (b) in a tied public house, a beer (usu. an independent real ale) offered in addition to those produced by the brewery.
1977Good Beer Guide (CAMRA) 51, 15th-century inn in small village. Occasional *guest beers. [1987Financial Times 25 Sept. 10/5 Britain's brewers should allow tenants in their public houses to stock a ‘guest’ draught beer in addition to their own beers according to a report to the Monopolies Commission by the Consumers' Association.] 1989Oxford Today I. ii. 33/1 Free house, with seven real ales (Burtonbridge, Wethereds, Morlands, Flowers, Wadworths 6X, Youngers No. 3 and Brakspears) plus a visiting guest beer every month. 1991Purchasing & Supply Managem. Apr. 17/2 Another threat being used by some brewers..was that tenants' rents would be reviewed in the light of their purchase of guest beers. 1993Guardian 5 Nov. i. 5/8 Two-thirds of tied houses now have guest beers, with some buying direct from small breweries, compared with one in five before.
▸ guest list n. a list of people who are invited to a particular event or function, or who are regularly invited to such events; spec. a list of people who are to be admitted as non-paying guests to an event for which an entry fee is charged.
1918T. Dennett Democratic Movement in Asia viii. 165 The Wongs drew up a *guest list and invited some of the key husbands in groups to come up to the Hankow to eat at the Wong table, sleep in the Wong beds, and observe the new styles in living. 1964Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary (1970) 14 Jan. 46, I went back to the White House for lunch on a tray and to go over the guest list, and to inspect the State Dining Room laid for dinner. 1981M. Gallant Ice Wagon Going Down Street in M. Atwood & R. Weaver Oxf. Bk. Canad. Short Stories (1986) 118 The Burleighs had two guest lists. The first was composed of stuffy people they felt obliged to entertain, while the second was made up of their real friends. 1995J. Miller Voxpop viii. 112 Blag culture..that's another story. I don't have to pay to get in any more; I'm on the guest list! Everyone wants to blag their way in. 2000F. Bleasdale Rubber Gloves or Jimmy Choos ix. 195 We went to the club. Katie had put us both on the guest list—being such an unhip chick, that made me really happy.
▸ guest worker n. (a) an academic working at an institution other than the one to which he or she is formally attached; (b) a person with permission to work (usually temporarily) in a country or region other than his or her own; an immigrant worker; cf. Gastarbeiter n.
1927Science 66 55 Dr. Harold Cummins..of..Tulane University..will be a *guest worker for a part of the summer in the Carnegie Laboratory of Embryology. 1960D. Martindale Amer. Social Structure xiv. 387 While impure guest workers were excluded from the [Hindu] village association, they were not outlaws. 1965Times 9 Nov. 10/5 West Germany..has imported over a million ‘guest workers’ from abroad. 1971Science 15 Oct. 271/2 A guestworker at NIH from the American Heart Association. 2001U.S. News & World Rep. 17 Sept. 32/1 Bush wants a ‘guest worker’ program that would match Mexican workers to specific U.S. jobs.
▪ II. guest, v.|gɛst|
Also 4 gest, 5 pa. pple. gest.
[f. guest n.]
1. trans. To make a guest of; to receive as a guest; to entertain, lodge; to put up (a horse). Also fig.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 160 In tentis R. rested alle þat ilk nyght, His men wer wele gested with brede, wyne & light. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5186 Some were febill..And had nede to be gest. Ibid. 5392 Monkes horse to gest he had no fors In a hyrne of his Innes. 1494Fabyan Chron. vi. clxxxvi. 186 The..vilayne..whiche slewe his lorde vnder colour of byddyng or gestynge hym in his howse. a1603T. Cartwright Confut. Rhem. N.T. (1618) 655 They so farre regarded the outward person..that in guesting certaine to their houses, they preferred the wicked rich unto the goodly poore. 1605Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iii. Abraham i. Vocation 1148 O Hosts, what know you, whether..When you suppose to feast men at your Table, You guest God's Angels in Men's habit hid? 1839Bailey Festus xix. (1848) 48/1 Every thought and atom of thy being, Shall guest His glory. 1884J. Parker Apost. Life III. 236 The great, big soul that guests the angel of joy. 1893Yorksh. Post 27 Sept. 4/2 Many delegates will find themselves guested by hospitable, good people.
2. intr. To be, or to become, a guest; to be entertained; to lodge. rare.
1615Chapman Odyss. i. 627 Tell me, best of princes, who he was That guested here so late? 1654Z. Coke Logick Ep. Ded. (1657) A vj b, Then shal..the World venerate each of you..As a little Deity guesting in a body of flesh. 1804Southey Lett. (1856) I. 270, I shall be very glad to see Rickman,..with whom I shall guest.
3. To appear as a guest or as a guest artist, etc. orig. U.S.
1936H. L. Mencken Amer. Lang. (ed. 4) xi. ii. 586 To guest, to appear as a guest. 1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §593.18 Guest, to appear as a guest artist. 1943in Amer. Speech (1944) XIX. 102 Many stars guest on the program. 1959Spectator 3 July 9/1 Stars from one company ‘guesting’ with the other. 1965Melody Maker 10 July 10/4 Ian Carr guested with the Roy Budd Trio..on Saturday.
Hence † ˈguested ppl. a., frequented by guests. Also ˈguester, one who makes a guest of another; an entertainer, host (rare).
1577W. Vallans Tale 2 Swannes in Leland's Itin. (1759) V. p. xi, This was done least that undecently They should passe by the guested towne of Ware. 1702Lond. Gaz. No. 3809/8 The George Inn at Leeds is to be Let, with very good Stables,..and very well Guested. 1890Morris in Eng. Illustr. Mag. July 765 My guester amongst the foemen, my fellow-farer and shipmate.
▪ III. guest
obs. pa. tense and pple. of guess. |