| 释义 |
ale|eɪl|
Forms: 1 alu (WS. ealu, ealo), 2– ale (5 aale, aylle, 5–6 alle, Sc. 6–7 ail, aill; in mod. dial. yale, yall, yaäle, yell, yill).
[OE. alu, cogn. w. OS. alo, ON. öl (:—alu), has been shown by Mr. J. Platt to be a -t stem:—*alut, hence gen. and dat. aloð, ealoð, 12th c. aleð:—*alutaz, aluti: see first quot.]
1. An intoxicating liquor made from an infusion of malt by fermentation. Various ingredients have at various times been added to impart flavour; at present hops or other bitters are in use.
Ale and beer seem originally to have been synonymous. The Alvismál says ‘öl heitir með mönnum, en með Ásum bjórr,’ it is called ‘ale’ among men, and among the gods ‘beer.’ After the introduction into England of ‘the wicked weed called hops’ (Retn. to Edw. VI's Parlt.) c 1524, ‘beer’ was commonly hopped; at present ‘beer’ is in the trade the generic name for all malt liquors, ‘ale’ being specifically applied to the paler coloured kinds, the malt for which has not been roasted or burnt; but the popular application of the two words varies in different localities.
c940Sax. Leechd. II. 268 Do healfne bollan ealoð to, and ᵹehæte þæt ealu. c1000Hept. Judg. xiii. 4 Ne he ealu ne drince nǽfre oððe wín. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 13 Þe man þe hit meðeð riht . þe suneð aleð gestninge. 1205Layam. 24440 Ne mai hit na mon suggen on his tale? of þan win and of þan ale. a1300Havelok 14 Fil me a cuppe of ful god ale. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 219, I bouȝte hir barly malte · she brewe it to selle, Peny ale and podyng ale. 1466Paston's Funer. in Lett. 549 II. 268 For vii barels of bere, xviis. vid.—For iiii barels of alle, xiiis. iiiid. 1485Malory Arthur (1816) II. 445 Wyn & aale. 1531Plumpton Corr. 230, I am faine to eate browne bread & drink small alle. 1535Stewart Cron. Scotl. II. 660 Of wyne and aill takand thame sic ane fill. 1542Boorde Dietary x. 256 Ale is made of malte and water; and they the whiche do put any other thynge to ale than is rehersed, except yest, barme, or godes⁓good, doth sofysticat theyr ale. 1594Plat Jewel-ho. iii. 16 It is the Hoppe onelie which maketh the essential difference betweene Beere and Ale. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. iii. i. 304 Item, she brewes good Ale. 1613― Hen. VIII, v. iv. 11 Do you looke for Ale and Cakes heere, you rude raskalls? 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Malt Liquor, Ale is more diuretick than Beer; that is, unhopp'd Liquor more than that which has Hops in it. 1770J. Massie Tax on Malt 8 A Pint of Ale or strong Beer, costs the Ale-seller, only Five Farthings. 1853Thackeray Eng. Hum. 240 Then they sallied forth for Rochester on foot, and drank by the way three pots of ale. [1864Tennyson North. Farmer, I've 'ed my point o' yaäle ivry noight sin' I beän 'ere.]
†2.
a. In the phrases at the ale (at þen ale, at þe nale, atten ale, atte nale, at nale), and to the ale, ‘the ale’ is put for, (a) The ale which is being drunk, hence ale-drinking; (b) The stock or supply of ale at the disposal of the public, and hence the place where the ale is, the ale-house. Obs.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. Prol. 42 Feyneden hem for heore foode, fouȝten atte alle [v.r. at þe ale, at þe nale, at nale]. c1386Chaucer Friar's T. 49 And make hym grete feestes atte nale [v.r. at þe nale, att nale]. 1480Caxton Descr. Brit. 40 When they drynke atte ale They telle many a lewd tale. c1500Carp. Tools in Halliwell Nugæ Poet. 19 When thei have wroght an oure ore two, Anone to the ale thei wylle go. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. ii. v. 61 Thou hast not so much charity in thee as to goe to the Ale with a Christian. 1617Assheton Jrnl. (1848) 1 Besse, John, wyffe, self, at ale.
†b. in (his) ale: in the midst of drinking, under the influence of ale. Obs.
c1460Towneley Myst. 86 What, art thou in aylle? 1599Shakes. Hen. V, iv. vii. 47 As Alexander kild his friend Clytus, being in his Ales and his Cuppes.
3. A festival or merry-meeting at which much ale was drunk; an ale-drinking. (Cf. a tea.) See also bridal.
1076O.E. Chron., Ðær wæs þæt bryd ealo..Ealle þa Bryttas þe wæron at þam bryd ealoð. 1544Supplic. Hen. VIII, 41 Keapinge of church ales, in the whiche with leappynge, daunsynge and kyssying they maynteyne the profett of their churche. 1583Babington Wks. 166 Gadding to this ale or that. 1587Harrison England i. ii. i. (1877) 32 The superfluous numbers of idle waks..church-ales, helpe-ales and soule-ales called also dirge-ales with the heathenish rioting at bride-ales are well diminished. 1635J. Taylor (Water P.) Life of T. Parr C ij b, T'a Whitson Ale, Wake, Wedding, or a Faire. 1857Toulm. Smith Parish 504 There was also an Ale called the Mary-Ale, held, it must be presumed, on one of the days consecrated to the Virgin Mary. 1879Wild Life in S.C. 140 In this locality, Clerk's Ale, which used to be rather an event, is quite extinct. 1882Skeat Etym. Dict. s.v., Bridal, lit. a bride-ale. (There were leet-ales, scot-ales, church-ales, clerk-ales, bed-ales, and bride-ales.)
†4. buttered ale: a beverage composed of sugar, cinnamon, butter, and beer brewed without hops. Obs.
1662Pepys Diary 5 Dec., And give him a morning draught of buttered ale. 1667Ibid. 28 Sept., It will cost him..{pstlg}300. in ale, and {pstlg}52. in buttered ale.
B. ale- in comb.
I. General syntactic relations.
1. objective: with active pple., as ale-brewing, ale-drinking, ale-swilling, etc.; or obj. gen. with n. of agent or action, as ale-brewer, ale-dealer, ale-drinker, ale-monger, ale-seller, ale-selling, etc.; ale-conner, -taster.
c1510Cocke Lorelles Bote 8 Potycaryes, ale brewers, and bakers. 1765Tucker Lt. Nat. I. 475 The speciallest species of ale-drinking..rhetoricians. 1769Buchan Dom. Med. vii. (1826) 36 There are few great ale-drinkers who are not phthisical. 1786Cowper Corr. (1824) II. 91 A shoemaker and an alemonger have proposed themselves as joint candidates to succeed us. 1833Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) II. 490 If the ale-dealers keep any of the razors for their own use.
2. instrumental: with passive pple., as ale-blown, ale-born, ale-crummed, ale-fed, ale-washed.
1592Chettle Kind-Harts Dr. (1841) 15 Where the one in a sweaking treble, the other in an ale-blowen base, carowle out such adultrous ribaudry. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, iii. vi. 82 Ale-washt Wits. 1599Nashe P. Peniless E ij, Elderton consumed his ale-crummed nose to nothing. 1836Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) IV. 152 That ale-born business the Restoration.
3. attrib. Of, made of or with, ale, as ale-sop, ale-stain; ale-berry.
c1450in Wright Voc. 242 Hec offa, a ale-sope.
4. attrib. Of, for, or connected with (the manufacture, sale, or use of) ale, as ale-brewhouse, ale-cup, ale-duty, ale-feast, ale-glass, ale-pot, ale-tun, etc. Also ale-bench, -bush, -cost, -draper, -hoof, -house, -knight, -pole, -stake, -wife; and most of those in II.
a1000Beowulf 995 Se þe on handa bær hroden ealo-wǽᵹe. c1500Col. Blowbol in Halliwell Nugæ Poet. 1 He rensyd had many an ale picher. 1583Babington Wks. 165 Idle, or tossing the alepot with their neighbours. 1620Venner Via Recta ii. 39 Our common Ale-pot drunkards. 1699Lond. Gaz. mmmdxiii/4 A small Ale-brewhouse. 1777Watson in Phil. Trans. LXVIII. 876 A narrow-bottomed ale glass.
II. Special combinations with quotations (in alphabetical order). ale-barrel, a barrel for ale, a measure of 36 (formerly 32) gallons; † ale-boly, ? = ale-bouilli, ale-berry; † ale-brue, = ale-berry; † ale-dagger, one worn for use in ale-house brawls; † ale-dame, = ale-wife1; † ale-fat (= ale-vat); ale-firkin, a small barrel of ale, a measure of 9 (formerly 8) gallons; ale-gallon (see quot.); ale-grains, refuse malt left after brewing; ale-grounds (? = prec.); ale-kilderkin, a half-barrel of ale; † ale-man (see quot.); † ale-meat, = ale-berry; † ale-passion, headache after drinking ale; † ale-pock, an ulcer caused by drinking ale; ale-score, a reckoning for ale consumed; † ale-shot (= prec.); † ale-silver (see quot.); † ale-stand, the bar of an ale-house; † ale-taker, purveyor of ale; ale-tap, strictly the tap whence ale is drawn, hence the room or place where it is kept; † ale-toast, a toast in ale, fig. a roisterer or tippler; † ale-tunning, brewing of ale; ale-vat, a vat in which ale is brewed; ale-wort, the fermenting infusion of malt; ale-yeast, yeast produced in the brewing of ale.
1743Lond. & Country Brewer ii. (ed. 2) 157 The *Ale-Barrel of 32 Gallons.
1828Carlyle Misc. (1857) I. 201 Computing excise-dues upon tallow, and gauging *alebarrels!
c1500Col. Blowbol in Halliwell Nugæ Poet. 1 And afterward their toke hym many a throw Of good *ale boly that he had i-blowe.
1542Boorde Dyetary xii. (1870) 264 *Ale-brues, caudelles and colesses for weke men and feble stomackes..is suffered.
1589Pappe w. Hatchet (1844) 8 He that drinkes with cutters, must not be without his *ale dagger.
1694Westmacott Scrip. Herb. 230 These things are not so much as thought on by our *Ale-dames.
a1000Sax. Leechd. II. 142 Under þæt *ealo-fæt.
1596Unton Invent. 13 One *yelfate, one cooler.
1608R. Armin Nest Ninn. (1842) 36 Jack Miller sang his song..and lookt like the poter of the *ale-fat.
1743Lond. & Country Brewer ii. (ed. 2) 157 The *Ale-firkin of 8 Gallons.
1800Coleridge Sib. Leaves II. 223 They snatch'd him from the sickle and the plough To gauge *ale-firkins.
1827Hutton Course Math. I. 28 The *Ale Gallon contained 282 cubic or solid inches.
1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. i. 147/2 A messe of warme *Ale-graines from a Brewhouse.
1572B. Googe tr. Heresbach's Husb. (1586) 133 Take a quart of *allegroundes, and seeth them.
1743Lond. & Country Brewer ii. (ed. 2) 157 The *Ale-Kilderkin of 16 Gallons.
1693W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. 504 An *Aleman, or ale-house⁓keeper.
1699Phil. Trans. XXI. 403 The Diet..was of Mutton-Broth, *Ale-Meat, Poacht-Eggs.
1593Bacchus Bountie in Harl. Misc. (1809) II. 271 A passing preseruatiue against the *ale-passion, or paine in the pate.
1601Holland Pliny (1634) II. 128 Sauce-fleame, *ale-pocks, and such like vlcers in the face.
1816Q. Rev. XV. 454 The *ale-scores of a village landlady.
1626Spelman Gloss. Arch. 506 Quasi dictum à scot, i. pecunia, et ale, i. cervisia: quod inverso vocabulo alii an *aleshot nuncupant. 1691Blount Law Dict., Ale-silver, a Rent or Tribute yearly paid to the Lord Maior of London, by those that sell Ale within the City.
1588Marprel. Ep. (1843) 54 Whereby he might..visit the *alestond.
1455in Househ. Ord. (1790) 20 The *Aletakers—Richard Joskyn, etc.
1828Scott F.M. Perth II. Pref. 3 And when I die, as needs must hap, Then bury me under the good *ale-tap.
1691Shadwell Scowrers i. i. Wks. IV. 313 Every night thou clearest the streets of..idle rascals, and of all *Ale-toasts and Sops in brandy.
a1529Skelton in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) III. 476 Elynoor Rummin, with her good *ale-tunning.
a1000in Somner, ‘*Ealaþ-wyrt, cervisia mustea.’ 1737Bracken Farriery (1756) I. xxvi. 225 Give the Horse..two quarts of warm Ale-wort.
1741Compl. Fam.-Piece i. ii. 194 Take..a Pint of good *Ale-yeast. |