| 释义 |
▪ I. gust, n.1|gʌst|
Also 6 guste.
[app. a. ON. gust-r, related to giósa to gush or gióta to pour (see yete v.). The late appearance of the word, however, causes some difficulty. Possibly it may have been preserved in nautical or dialectal use.]
1. a. A sudden violent rush or blast of wind; † formerly often in less restricted sense, a wind-storm, a whirlwind.
1588Shakes. Tit. A. v. iii. 69 A flight of Fowle, Scattred by windes and high tempestuous gusts. c1600― Sonn. xiii, The stormy gusts of winters day. 1612Dekker If it be not good Wks. 1873 III. 293 A blacke Gust is comming: vp a-low-there hey: A young-man vp toth Top-mast-head, and looke-out. 1643Howell Parables reflecting on Times 15 An Haraucana, that Indian gust. 1694Acc. Sev. Late Voy. i. 157 A great gust of Wind at N.W. with Rain. a1715Burnet Own Time ii. (1724) I. 110 By some easterly gusts the ship was cast away near Berwick. 1748Anson's Voy. iii. v. 334 A sudden gust of wind brought home our anchor. 1756Franklin in Phil. Trans. LV. 187 Hence gusts after heats, and hurricanes in hot climates. 1823Scott Peveril xx, The wind..began to rise in gusts from the north-west. 1836Macgillivray tr. Humboldt's Trav. x. 124 The gust accompanied by thunder returned periodically. 1843Lever J. Hinton ii, The wind swept in long and moaning gusts along the bleak pier. 1893Law Times XCV. 104/2 On the day of the occurrence the wind was somewhat strong, coming in gusts.
b. A burst or gush (of water or rain).
1610W. Folkingham Art of Survey i. x. 33 Land-flouds, fatte Riuers and Gusts of water. 1697Dryden æneid v. 19 What Gusts of Weather from yon gathering Cloud. 1817Coleridge Sibyll. Leaves (1862) 170 The gust pelting on the out-house shed Makes the cock shrilly in the rainstorm crow. 1841James Brigand ii, The heavy rain dashed in gusts against the clattering casements. 1870Dickens E. Drood ii, The giant elm-trees as they shed a gust of tears.
c. A burst (of fire), a puff (of smoke); a burst (of sound).
1674tr. Martiniere's Voy. N. Countries 136 To see..new gusts of Fire and Ashes break out. 1811Pinkerton Petral. II. 552 Gusts of smoke..escape. 1849Mitchell Battle Summer (1852) 269 His words come to distant quarters of the hall only in feeble gusts of sound. 1894Hall Caine Manxman iii. xi. 166 The voice of Pete came in gusts through the floor.
2. fig. Chiefly with conscious reference to the literal sense and retention of literal language; also gen., a burst, outbreak, outburst.
1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xvii. §6. 675 The brute of which gust blowne into stout Warwickes eare. 1639G. Daniel Ecclus. xii. 16 The gust of Sin, may Stir a Surly tiding, In Seas pacificke. 1681J. Flavel Meth. Grace xxviii. 486 O remember what a meer feather thou art in the gusts of temptation. a1704T. Brown Beauties Wks. 1730 I. 44 Gusts of pleasure hurry thro' my veins. 1705Double Welcome xiv. 2 You fly On Gusts of Hope, and Wings of Victory. 1715–20Pope Odyss. iv. 249 A gust of grief began to rise. 1783Burke East Ind. Bill Wks. IV. 77 When the first little sudden gust of passion against these gentlemen was spent. 1789F. Burney Diary 3 Aug., They..were received with the most violent gusts of joy and huzzas. 1807Crabbe Par. Reg. iii. 913 How and from whence these gusts of grace will blow. 1852Robertson Serm. Ser. iii. xviii. 235 Tossed by a thousand gusts of unholy passion.
3. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 1) gust alleviator, gust effect, gust load, gust recorder, gust response, gust spectrum, gust tunnel; gust-flying vbl. n.; gust-moved adj.
1947Shell Aviation News cxii. 20/3 ‘Gust alleviators’ as fitted to certain new British aircraft will provide some protection to passengers but even assuming these can relieve 50% of the gust effect, they will still only provide the same ‘ride comfort’ at 320 m.p.h. as one now gets in the D.C.3 at 160 m.p.h.
1919A. Klemin Text-bk. Aeronaut. Engin. xix. 234 It is also clear from the above that the gust effects are most important, when the speed of the machine is lowest.
1922Flight XIV. 659/2 At any rate, the mere trying should teach us quite a lot about air currents around hills, quite apart from the, as yet untouched, problem of real ‘gust-flying’, in which sudden changes in velocity of the wind itself are made use of.
1955Sci. News Let. 1 Jan. 9/2 The accumulated effects of repeated, but mostly moderate, structural loads—normally gust loads—could sometimes cause failures of the primary structure before the airplane attains a reasonable service life. 1959J. L. Nayler Dict. Aeronaut. Engin. 125 Gust loads, the loads on an aircraft structure due to gusts.
1870Morris Earthly Par. II. iii. 111 The waving of her gust-moved hair.
1955Sci. News Let. 24 Sept. 197/1 Fifty gust recorders.
1965Economist 20 Feb. 733/2 This aircraft now has to have very low gust response to keep the crew functioning.
1935Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XXXIX. 372 It seemed..that if the gust spectra were extended to include the short period changes, some very large ordinates would be added to the curves.
1939Ibid. XLIII. 784 To assist in answering these questions an apparatus, known as the ‘gust tunnel’ has been developed, in which it is possible to determine experimentally the reaction of suitably scaled dynamic models in controlled artificial gusts.
▪ II. gust, n.2 Now arch.|gʌst|
[ad. L. gust-us taste; cf. goût, gusto.]
= taste, in various senses.
1. The sense or faculty of taste; † occas. an act of tasting or of satisfying the appetite.
c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iii. xli. (1869) 157 What thing, quod j, is guste? It is that, quod she, bi whiche passeth al that j swelwe. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 297 The fruit is somewhat unpleasant at first gust. 1638G. Sandys Paraph. Job (1648) 10 Oh can unseas'ned cates the gust invite? 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vii. xiv. 367 Aristotle.. accuseth Philoxenus of sensuality, for the greater pleasure of gust desiring the neck of a Crane. 1670J. Beale in Phil. Trans. V. 1156 We call in the Testimony of the Gust..to prove the asperous..Particles in some Liquors. 1672Dryden Assignation iii. iii, I hate to snatch a morsel of Love, and so away: I am for a Set-meal, where I may enjoy my full Gust.
transf.1696Southerne Oroonoko ii. iii, Such sweets, as best can entertain The gust of all the senses. 1893W. Watson Excurs. in Criticism 22 If any reader is so unfortunate as to find that a prolonged familiarity with Shakespeare begets at last a somewhat blunted sensibility to the master's supreme power, a remedy is at hand by which his palate may recover its gust.
†2. Individual taste, liking, or inclination. Obs.
c1600Shakes. Sonn. cxiv, Mine eie well knowes what with his gust is greeing. a1663Sanderson Pref. to Ussher's Power Princes (1683) 7 Condited to the gust and palate of the Publisher. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 223 Types or Parables accommodate to the Conceit and Gust of the Vulgar. 1670Cotton Espernon iii. x. 526 This resolution was not for the gust of the Court. 1691Wood Ath. Oxon. II. 581 He preached..before the Commons, but..little to their gust and liking. 1707in Hearne Collect. (O.H.S.) II. 46 'Tis with great satisfaction I learn yt y⊇ Icon of y⊇ Shield was so much to y⊇ Gust of a Gentleman of your Learning. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. viii, My very Desires alter'd, my Affections changed their Gusts. 1732Gentl. Mag. II. 965 Beauty may win the Eye, and satisfy the present Gust or Appetite. 1732Pope Ess. Man i. 117 Destroy all Creatures for thy sport or gust, Yet cry, If Man's unhappy, God's unjust.
†3. æsthetic or artistic taste, sense, or perception. Obs. rare.
1706Art of Painting (1744) 335 He had a good gust in designing. 1715M. Davies Athen. Brit. I. 14 All who have the least Tincture or Gust in Solid Erudition. 1716Ibid. II. 161 Dedicated to him who is said to have had the best tast and most gust in such old Church-Collects.
4. Keen relish, appreciation, or enjoyment, esp. as displayed in speech or action.
1635J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Banish'd Virg. 160 Wherein [sc. reading] she consumed her houres with a gust that exceeded her age and sex. 1660Jer. Taylor Worthy Commun. i. v. 102 Let no man judge..of the prosperitie..of his service in this ministerie by any sensible relish, by the gust and deliciousness which he sometimes perceives. 1667Milton P.L. x. 567 They, fondly thinking to allay Their appetite with gust, instead of Fruit Chewed bitter Ashes. 1693Dryden Juvenal vi. (1697) 119 Such Lust Their Kisses have, and come with such a Gust. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 325 In this gust of their greedy appetite, they considered not where they were. 1734Watts Reliq. Juv. (1789) 111 O the shameful gust and relish that some people find in reproach and slander! 1776Johnson in Boswell 26 Mar., A woman who gets the command of money for the first time upon her marriage, has such a gust in spending it, that she throws it away with great profusion. 1780Cowper Table T. 240 He drinks his simple beverage with a gust. 1817Lamb Lett. (1888) II. 3 Now could you expect her To take much gust In long speeches, With her tongue as dry as dust. 1820Scott Ivanhoe xli, The more pampered burgess and guild-brother was eating his morsel with gust. 1831Lytton Godolph. xxxv, He tasted the sweets of companionship with more gust than he had yet done. 1869F. W. Newman Misc. 282 Michelet, who sees England in Carthage, reviles her with great gust.
b. Const. of, for, occas. to, after, in, esp. in phr. to have a gust of: to have a liking or relish for, or keen appreciation of.
1627–77Feltham Resolves ii. xxxiv. 228 When..the gust of pleasure which help'd him to mispend his Youth, through time and languid Age shall be blunted and dull. 1658Jer. Taylor in Evelyn's Mem. (1857) III. 105, I perceive your relish and gust of the things of the world goes off continually. 1660Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. Pref. 17 If you have a true gust for the Book you read. 1683Kennett tr. Erasm. on Folly (1709) 26 There are others that have no gust in this sort of pleasure. 1691E. Taylor Behmen's Theos. Philos. 188 It takes away the desire, gust or lust after them. 1702Eng. Theophrast. 312 There's a gust of liberty in the following of a man's humours. 1708Hearne Collect. (O.H.S.) II. 120 A great obstructer of real Learning, and no true friend to any that have a gust for it. 1724De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 30, I had no gust to antiquities. 1769J. Wallis Nat. Hist. Northumbld. I. Pref. 8 Such as have a gust for anything Roman. 1777Johnson in Boswell 20 Sept., Why, Sir, I never knew any one who had such a gust for London as you have.
†5. Liking felt by others for oneself; favour. Obs. rare.
1654H. L'Estrange Chas. I (1655) 65 Ambitious by some meritorious service to earn a better gust, or correct the universal odium against him.
6. Savour or flavour (of food, etc.).
1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. p. xxxvii, In this crag growis ane richt delicius herbe; and, quhen it is transportit..it is of litill sapor or gust. 1627–77Feltham Resolves ii. xv. 190 Like a draught of pleasant poyson, the gust is gone. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. iii. §4 (1681) 122 Fruit..grafted on stocks of another contrary nature, much debaseth the Gust of the Fruit. 1699Evelyn Acetaria 4 Herbs..eaten with..Oyl, Salt, &c. to give them a grateful Gust and Vehicle. 1743London & Country Brew. ii. (ed. 2) 101 That smooth Gust and pleasant Taste to the Palate, which, after a proper Age in the Malt-liquor, every Drinker enjoys both in Mouth and Body. 1821Lamb Elia Ser. i. Grace bef. Meat, The whole vegetable tribe have lost their gust with me. Only I stick to asparagus. 1854–6Patmore Angel in Ho. i. i. vi. (1879) 70 Ever her chaste and noble air Gave to love's feast its choicest gust.
b. Pleasing taste or gratifying flavour; relish (as of something eaten or drunk).
1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. ii. Ad sect. xii. 96 When we long for Manna and follow Christ for loaves, not of a low and terrestrial gust, but of that bread which came down from heaven. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. vi. 16 [He] sware..never to eat either fruit, salt, or any other thing, that might bring the least gust to his palate. a1677Hale Prim. Orig. Man. iv. viii. 375 Sensual Goods have their proper gust and relish with him. 1679Penn Addr. Prot. i. 18 'Tis the Taste, the Gust, the Relish, that makes the Victuals go down. 1681Glanvill Sadducismus 50 That things of gust and relish must be judg'd by the sentient and vital faculties. 1841D'Israeli Amen. Lit. (1867) 7 The discussion is not yet obsolete, and it may still offer all the gust of novelty.
†7. A taste, an experience of something; also, a foretaste. Obs.
1658W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. ii. 439 The Spirit, who is sent from Heaven to..give them some sweet gust of it, by shedding abroad the sense of it in their souls. 1672Mede's Life in Wks. 25 A Gust of the powers of the world to come. 1675tr. Machiavelli's Prince vii. (1883) 47 By giving them a gust of their future felicity. 1682Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. iii. §22 In seventy or eighty years, a man may have a deep gust of the world. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 69 Happy..those, and only those, brought hither in their Nonage, before they have a Gust of our Albion.
▪ III. gust, v.1 Now only Sc.|gʌst|
[f. gust n.2 or ad. L. gustāre, f. gust-us gust n.2]
1. trans. To taste; to relish. Also absol. (or intr.).
c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iii. xli. (1869) 157 As michel or more as þe guste may gusten. a1500Ratis Raving ii. 40 [Wisdom is] swetar..and of mare lust Than erdly thing that man may gust. 1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. p. xli, Ane beist or fowll that hes nocht gustit of this meit. 1570Buchanan Admonitioun Wks. (1892) 24 Having anys gustit how gude fischeing it is in drumly Watter. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. 150 The taisters of aill..are not reddie to taist or guste the aill, sa oft as the browsters hes tunned it. 1631R. H. Arraignm. Whole Creature i. 2 The hungry soule sweetly gusts againe the same Spirituall cates, as did sometimes the hearers of Saint Peter. 1647R. L'Estrange Beaum. & Fl. Plays, The Palate of this age gusts nothing High. a1657R. Loveday Lett. (1663) 189 That so many judicious palats should gust a piece so insipid.
2. to gust the mouth, or the gab: to give a relish to the palate. Sc.
c1470Henryson Mor. Fab. ii. (Town & C. Mouse) xviii, Ane quhite candill..In steid of spyce to gust thair mouth with all. a1774Fergusson Cauler Oysters Poems (1845) 8 He's nae ill bodden, That gusts his gab wi' oyster-sauce. a1801R. Gale Elegy Pudding Lizzie Wks. 181 She had the knack sae weel, To gust the gab o' ony chiel. 1858M. Porteous Souter Johnny 13 He..took care..to..fill the jinglin' stoups wi' mair To gust their mou'.
▪ IV. gust, v.2|gʌst|
[f. gust n.1]
intr. to gust up: to rise in gusts or bursts; also without up, to blow in gusts. Also fig.
1813Coleridge Lett. (1895) 608 The Pride, like the bottom-swell of our lake, gusts up again. 1899J. M. Falkner Moonfleet xi, The wind came gusting round the corner. 1927Chambers's Jrnl. 312/2 The wind was gusting. 1960I. Shaw Two Weeks in Another Town v. 77 Jack..remembered what Delaney had looked like gusting into the dressing-room. 1963Times 13 May 4/4 An exciting final, fought out in winds that gusted to more than 30 knots. 1964N. Freeling Double-Barrel v. 146 An erratic wind..gusted at me from all quarters.
▪ V. gust
obs. form of guest n. |