| 释义 |
▪ I. redd, n.1 Sc. and north. dial.|rɛd|
5–6, 9 red, 9 redd (north. rid).
[f. redd v.2]
1. The act of clearing away, removing, setting in order, etc.; also the result of this, a clearance, riddance, arrangement. Also with up. (See also quot. 1893–4.)
For other dialect uses, see the Eng. Dial. Dict.
c1470Henry Wallace viii. 1076 Befor the ȝett, quhar it was brynt on breid, A red thai maid. 1496Sc. Treas. Acc. 15 Oct., Giffin to Rolland Robysone, for the red of the Inglismen to the see. c1557Sir R. Maitland in Pinkerton Anc. Sc. Poems (1786) I. 282, I trow that sic sall mak ane red Of all thair paks this yeir. 1846J. Wilson Let. in Life vii. (1859) 236 They seem to be giving every thing a thorough redd. 1893–4R. O. Heslop Northumb. Words II. 569 By inversion, ‘A fine red up’ is sometimes used to indicate a scene of disorder. 1917‘H. H. Richardson’ Fortunes R. Mahony ii. ii. 105 She herself, in proper wifely fashion, proposed to give her little house a good red-up, in its master's absence.
2. That which is, or is to be, cleared away; rubbish, refuse.
1527–8Burgh Rec. Edinb. (1869) 233 Till caus the waist land of the townis..to be fillit vp with red. 1560St. Giles Charters (1859) p. xlv, For bering of the red and staines thairof away, {pstlg}11 15s. 1867in Ramsay Remin. iii. (ed. 18) 68, I just fan' a doo in the redd o' my plate. a1894in Northumbld. Gloss. s.v., Some quarrymen were clearing the redd from the bank top of a quarry.
attrib.1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining 200 Redd Bing, a spoil heap on the surface. 1887P. M'Neill Blawearie 104 Downhill..swept the redd-box, full of unwieldy blocks for the building.
▪ II. redd, n.2 orig. Sc. and north. dial.
Also 7 Sc. raid, 9 read(d, red, rid(d.
[Of obscure origin: separately or in combs. (see paddock n.1 3), the word also appears as reed, ride, rod, roud, rudd and rude, the mutual relationship of which is far from clear.]
1. The spawn of fish and frogs; also attrib. in redd-time, spawning-time.
1648Aberd. Reg. (Jam.), For keiping of the fischings in raid tyme fra all maner of nettis,..and all uthir instrumentis. 1805Andrew Scott Twa Frogs Poems (1808) 48 Wow, friend, to meet you here I'm glad, Wham I've ne'er seen sin' time o' redd. 1894Northumbld. Gloss. s.v., The fish were lying on their red in the stream.
2. The nest made by a fish, esp. a salmon, in which to spawn.
1808Jamieson s.v. Red, Redd. With their snouts they form a hollow in the bed of the river, generally so deep, that, when lying in it, their backs are rather below the level of the bed. This is called the redd. 1838Holloway Prov. Dict., Rid or Red, a hollow place in the gravel, where salmon deposit their roe. 1844Zoologist II. 505 Shedding its spawn on the ‘redds’ or spawning-ground. 1864Walsh in Buckland Salmon & Trout Hatching 18 The female works away at the ridd, and after she has made a kind of trough she lies in it. 1875Rep. Maine Fisheries Comm. 12 (Cent. Dict.), Favourite grounds where the trout make their rids. 1880Times 21 Dec. 6/4 During the winter months, when the fish are..engaged in preparing the beds or ‘redds’ for the reception of the ova. 1913F. M. Halford Dry-Fly Man's Handbk. iii. i. 307 An observant man will detect the heaps of clean gravel or redds where the ova have been deposited by the trout... If there are salmon in the river, their redds too will be visible. 1916Trans. Inverness Sci. Soc. VIII. 324 Salmon and all kinds of trout are very much alike in their spawning habits. The spawning bed, often called a ‘redd’, is composed of gravel or rough sand. 1960New Scientist 2 June 1392/1 A study of the nature of redds—the gravel banks chosen by the female trout to receive her eggs—has shown that an essential feature is the presence of water currents. 1971W. Hillen Blackwater River xi. 105 The alevins emerge from the spawning nest, or redd, in late winter. 1977New Yorker 2 May 47/2 Everywhere, in fleets, are the oval shapes of salmon. They have moved the gravel and made redds.
▪ III. redd, ppl. a. Sc. and north. dial.|rɛd|
Also red.
[f. redd v.2]
1. Sc. In predicative use, in the legal phr. void and redd (common in 16th c.): Cleared; left clear for a new occupant.
1545Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 4 The Sheriff..sall remoiff furth of the said abbay.., and leiff the samyn void and red. 1581N. Burne Disput. in Cath. Tract. (S.T.S.) 170 [They compel them] to deluge and leue the grounde voyd and red to thame selfis. 1817Scott Let. to W. Laidlaw 5 Apr. in Lockhart, Of free will he leaves my premises void and redd at Whitsunday.
2. In attributive use: Put in order; clean; cleaned or tidied up. Also ill-redd or well-redd (up).
For other dialect uses, see the Eng. Dial. Dict.
1765A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 124 A strong-made Scots plough, with a well redd beam. Ibid. 240 The plough that..makes the best work, is the one that makes a redd fur below. 1838A. Rodger Poems 293 A weel redd-up housie, a snug elbow chair. 1854Mrs. Gaskell North & S. xxxvi, Mrs. Boucher was sitting in a rocking-chair on the other side of the ill-redd up fireplace.
▪ IV. redd, v.1 Obs. exc. Sc.|rɛd|
Forms: 1 hreddan, 2–3 redden(n), 5–6 redde; Sc. 5–7, 9 red, redd. pa. tense 3 readde, 4, 7 Sc. redde, 9 Sc. red. pa. pple. 4, 6 red, 6–7 redde.
[OE. hręddan (also áhręddan aredde) = OFris. hredda, MDu. (and Du.) redden (hence Da. redde, Sw. rädda), OHG. (and G.) retten to save, deliver, etc.:—OTeut. *hradjan of doubtful relationship. In later use, and esp. in sense 2, the word can hardly be distinguished from redd v.2]
†1. trans. To save, deliver, rescue, free (a person). Const. from, out of. Obs.
a900Cynewulf Crist 274 We.. sculon ermþu dreoȝan, butan þu usic..hreddan wille. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 19 Ure louerd ihesu crist..redde hem ut of eche sicnesse. c1275Lay. 20155 His hors..readde hine fram deaþe. c1330Florice & Bl. 785 The children ther with fram dethe he redde. 1584J. Melvill Autobiog., etc. (1842) 180 Your tender King, and sweit native countrey, to be redde from the abbusars and misrewlares of the sam. c1635Sir W. Mure Ps. cxliv. 11 O, red and save me from their hand, Whose mouths doe lyes relate.
b. To save from burning; to put out (fire).
So mod. G. den brand or das feuer retten.
1375Barbour Bruce iv. 132 The fyre our all the castell spred, Thar mycht no fors of men it red. Ibid. xix. 677 Quhen the man Saw his mantill ly byrnand than, Till red it ran he hastely. 1871W. Alexander Johnny Gibb xvii. 124 He comes..like a man gyaun to redd fire.
2. To make (one) free or clear of something; to rid (oneself or another) of. Also in phr. to be or get redd of.
14..in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 100 For to redde me of this payne They haue no power for to helpe me. 1450Burgh Rec. Edinb. (1869) 12 It sall be lefull to thame to red their handis of it..betwix this and Candilmes. 1570Satir. Poems Reform. x. 50 We haif him taine out of that wickit lyfe, And red him of all miserie and stryfe. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 108 Be quhat moyane sall I red me of this mischeif. 1768Ross Helenore 45 (Jam.), But to get red, the lad contrives a sham, To send her back for something. 1879G. Macdonald Sir Gibbie vi, Gien he red himsel' o' a' 'at was left, it was sma' won'er.
†3.
a. refl. To clear (oneself) in money-matters.
b. To take away, remove (cf. redd v.2 4). Obs.
1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 49 He that still borowes shall scant him quite or redde. Ibid. (1874) II. 117 Bytter Pryson doth deth clene quyte and red. By it all fetters and Chaynes lowsyd be.
▪ V. redd, v.2 Sc. and north. dial. (exc. in sense 6 a).|rɛd|
Forms: 5– red, 6– redd, (7, 9 redde), 8 rade. pa. tense and pa. pple. 7– redd, 9 red; also 5 reddyt, 6 reddit.
[= MLG. and Du. redden, in the same senses, but the origin and relationship of the forms is not clear. It is possible that they are independent developments from ME. rēden and the equivalent LG. rêden, reiden (see rede v.2), in Eng. by assimilation of the vowel of the pres. and inf. to that of the pa. tense and pa. pple. (cf. kep v.). Most of the senses of the word are also represented under rid v.]
1. a. trans. To clear (a space, the way, etc.).
c1425Wyntoun Cron. v. xii. 1180 Thare he begowth to red a grownd Quhare that he thowcht a kyrk to fownd. c1470Henry Wallace x. 404 All hym about was reddyt a gret rowm. 1513Douglas æneis x. vii. 30 With swerdis dynt behuffis ws,..Throw amyddis our ennemys red our way. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 314, I sall pase and put ȝone theiffis of the ground, and red the gaitt into ȝour grace. 1822Scott Nigel iv, It wad have red the gate for my ain little bill. 1880Antrim & Down Gloss., Red the road! clear the way!
b. To clear or clean out (something that is stopped up).
1497Sc. Treas. Acc. 14 May, Item, for ane cabil tow to stede the well of Dunbar quhen it was red. 1541Records of Elgin (New Spald. Club) I. 66 That all channellis and wennellis be red be the ownaris. a1795Robin Hood & Beggar lxxx. in Child Ballads III. 163/2 Or any one of them could red their eyne, Or yet a glimmering could see. 1813W. Beattie Poems 21 (Jam.), Now and then, to red her head, She takes a pickle snuff. 1881Gregor Folk-lore ix. 51 A bunch of stars..to redd the tobacco pipes.
2. a. To disentangle. Also in fig. context.
1513Douglas æneis v. i. 28 Commandis he every feir, Do red thair takillis, and stand hard by thair geir. 1725Ramsay Gentle Sheph. i. i, Ye..have sae kind Redd up my ravel'd doubts, and clear'd my mind. 1782[D. Graham] Hist. Buckhaven 5 They can neither bait a hook nor rade a line. 1876Mid-Yorksh. Gloss., Red, to unloose, or unravel; to unriddle. 1895P. H. Hunter J. Inwick iii. 32 It was a raivelled hasp he had to redd.
absol.1737Ramsay Sc. Prov. (1750) 26 Fools revle, and wise men redd. 1768Ross Helenore ii. 86 Among us a' a ravell'd hesp ye've made, Sae now, put too your hand, an help to red.
b. To arrange, put right (business of any kind); to clear up (one's affairs).
1500–20Dunbar Poems lx. 44 His erandis for to ryne and red. 1824Scott Redgauntlet let. ix, Nor do I know if his affairs are yet well redd.
c. to redd the marches: to fix the boundaries exactly. Also fig.
1596[see redding vbl. n.2 1]. 1683in Shields Faithful Contendings (1780) 70 Mr. Gillespie, and many others, have redd marches so well, that they have left nothing for us to do. 1835T. Rose Rambles 163 (Northumbld. Gloss.), In this neighbourhood—between Keilder and Larriston—the precise boundaries of each kingdom are ‘ill to red’.
3. a. To put in order, make tidy, by clearing away whatever is in disorder or is unnecessary.
a1568Sym & his Bruder (Bann. MS.) 31 Thus quhen thai had reddit thair ragis, To Rome they war inspyrit. 1582–8Hist. Jas. VI (1804) 236 The Regent..causit masonis to begin to redd the bruisit wallis, and to repaire the foirwork. 1637Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. 323 Waiting on till..the great hall be redd for the meeting of that joyful couple. 1786Har'st Rig cxxxix, The stalwart Chelsea man (Whase now ta'en in to redd the barn). 1829Brockett N.C. Words, Red, to put in order, to clear. 1847H. S. Riddell Poems 16 To redd the house and sweep the floor.
b. To comb, arrange (the hair).
1715Ramsay Christ's Kirk Gr. ii. v, Some redd their hair, some set their bands. 1879G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Red,..to comb out the hair.
4. To remove (persons or things) from a place; to clear away.
1546Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 50 Apoun xv dayis warnyng that scho may red hir geir furth of the samin. 1569Ibid. 675 To remove, devoid, and red thame selffis, thair servandis and propir gudis..furth of the said College. 1826J. Wilson Noct. Ambr. (1856) III. 349 The shielings that we used to come upon..have ‘been a' red awa!’
5. a. To part or separate (combatants).
15..Pebbles to Play xv, For dust that day Mycht na man se ane styme To red thame. 1593Sc. Acts Jas. VI, c. 35 Hurt slayne or mutilat in redding and putting sindre parties meitand in armes. 1725Ramsay Gentle Sheph. iv. i, A stout battle. Mause endeavours to redd them. 1814Scott Wav. lxvi, To fetch the Chevalier to redd Mr. Wauverley and Vich Ian Vohr. 1830–3Carleton Traits Irish Peas. (1843) I. 68 We endeavoured all in our power to red them.
absol.1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 667 Cum on! God schaw the richt! Now is moir tyme quhen no man is to red. 1573Satir. Poems Reform. xli. 75 Allace! what sall cum of the rest Except repentance rin and red?
b. To settle, decide (a plea), put an end to (a quarrel, fray, etc.).
c1575Raid of Reidswire xi, Up rose the laird to red the cumber, Which would not be for all his boast. 1629Sir W. Mure True Crucifix 140 God..Sent in the flesh his Christ the plea to redde. 1681S. Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1751) 55 When they the fray intend to redd. 1768Ross Helenore ii. 78 Come here, and red this threap, for ye can tell The very truth. 1814Scott Wav. liv, To stick him under the other gentleman's arm while he was redding the fray.
6. a. With up. To put in order; to make neat or trim. (Also in U.S. and general use.)
Also, to clear up by discussion or explanation, to criticize sharply, assail with invective, etc. (see Eng. Dial. Dict.).
1718Ramsay Christ's Kirk Gr. iii. vii, Right well red up and jimp she was. 1768Ross Helenore iii. 121 Anither forward unto Bony-Ha', To tell that there things be red up an' bra'. 1820Scott Abbot xxvi, Doctor Lundin failed not to be a confused sloven, and his..housekeeper, whose life, as she said, was spent in ‘redding him up’ [etc.]. 1842Spirit of Times (Philad.) 12 Aug. (Th.), I never used to red up their chamber without thinking of it. 1854Mrs. Gaskell North & S. xxxvii, To do something that she suggested towards redding up the slatternly room. 1864E. A. Murray E. Norman I. 160, I left her and Kristy redding up their hair, and making themselves grand. 1887P. M'Neill Blawearie 99 The other pair on having the wall-face redd up fell to ‘holing’ once more. 1896E. Higginson Flower that grew in Sand 120 ‘You got your front room red up, Emarine?’ ‘No; I ain't had time to red up anything.’ 1909A. Quiller-Couch True Tilda xix. 258 They tumbled out and redded up the place in a hurry. 1912Mulford & Clay Buck Peters i. 19, I guess you two men can take care of each other while I red up. 1951L. Craig Singing Hills xix. 181 You take this baby while I redd up the room. 1977J. Aiken Five-Minute Marriage ix. 141 The rooms..are all clean and redd up, sir.
b. With out: To bring out from disorder, to comb out, etc.
1818Scott Rob Roy xxii, I canna see how you..can redd out the business ye're come down about. 1881Leicestersh. Gloss. s.v., As I was reddin' out my hair. 1893Stevenson Catriona 193 If his story was properly redd out [etc.].
▪ VI. redd(e
varr. rad a.2 Obs., obs. pa. tense and pa. pple. read v., obs. ff. red a., rede n.1, Sc. varr. rede v.1 |