| 释义 |
▪ I. hag, n.1|hæg|
Forms: α. 3–7 hegge, 6–7 heg. β. 4–7 hagge, 6–8 hagg, 6– hag.
[The form hegge is found once early in 13th c.; hagge once in 14th; otherwise the word is not known till the 16th c. Usually conjectured to be a shortened form of OE. hægtesse, hæhtisse, hægtes, -tis, hegtes ‘fury, witch, hag’ = OHG. hagazissa, hagazussa, hagzus, MHG. hęcse, Ger. hexe, OLG. *hagatussa, MDu. haghetisse, Du. hecse (:—OTeut. *hagatusjōn-).
This derivation suits the sense, but the form-history is not clear, though an OE. *hægge might perh. be analogous to OE. abbreviated names, such as Ceadda, ælla, æbbe, etc. (The ulterior etymology of OTeut. *hagatusjōn- is itself unknown.) The order of the senses is uncertain; senses 4 and 5 may not belong to this word.]
1. a. An evil spirit, dæmon, or infernal being, in female form: applied in early use to the Furies, Harpies, etc. of Græco-Latin mythology; also to malicious female sprites or ‘fairies’ of Teutonic mythology. Obs. or arch.
1552Huloet, Hegges or nyght furyes, or wytches like unto old women..which do sucke the bloude of children in the nyght, striges. 1573Twyne æneid. xii. (R), Your filthy foules, and hegges of Limbo low. 1573–80Baret Alv. H 339 A Heg, or fairie, a witch that changeth the fauour of children, strix. 1581J. Studley tr. Seneca's Hercules Œtæus 204 b, After ruin made Of goblin hegge, or elfe. 1649G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. IV, ccliv, The Grisly Hagge, With knotted Scorpions. 1810Scott Lady of L. iii. vii, Noontide hag, or goblin grim.
†b. Applied to manes or shades of the departed, ghosts, hobgoblins, and other terrors of the night.
1538Elyot Dict., Larua, a spyrite whiche apperethe in the nyght tyme. Some do call it a hegge, some a goblyn. a1557M. Basset tr. More's Treat. Passion Wks. 1397/2 Lyke shrycke owles and hegges, lyke backes, howlettes..byrdes of the hellye lake. 1563B. Googe Egloges iv. (Arb.) 44 What soeuer thou art..Ghoost, Hagge, a Fende of Hell. 1566W. Adlington Apuleius 3 Doest thou liue here (O Socrates) as a ghost or hegge to our great shame and ignomie? 1567Drant Horace, Epist. ii. i. (R.), The goddes above are calm'd with verse, with verse the hagges of hell [carmine manes]. 1634Milton Comus 434 Blue meagre hag, or stubborn unlaid ghost.
†c. The nightmare. Obs.
1632tr. Bruel's Praxis Med. 50 In the Hag or Mare..is no con[v]ulsion, as is in the falling sicknesse. 1696Aubrey Misc. (1721) 147 It is to prevent the Night-Mare (viz.) the Hag from riding their Horses.
†d. fig. An object of terror, a ‘bogey’. Obs.
1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. viii. §59 That the Popes Curse was no such deadly and dreadfull Hagge, as in former times they deemed it.
2. A woman supposed to have dealings with Satan and the infernal world; a witch; sometimes, an infernally wicked woman. Now associated with 3.
1587Mirr. Mag., Forrex iii, That hatefull hellish hagge of ugly hue. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. viii. 46 A loathly, wrinckled hag, ill favoured, old. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, iii. ii. 52 Foule Fiend of France, and Hag of all despight. 1605― Macb. iv. i. 48 How now you secret, black, and mid⁓night Hags? 1654Whitlock Zootomia 437 The Poets..made the Hag Circes Sister to æsculapius. 1712Steele Spect. No. 266 ⁋2 One of those Hags of Hell whom we call Bawds. 1728Young Love Fame iii. (1757) 101 As hunted hags, who, while the dogs pursue, Renounce their four legs, and start up on two. 1816Scott Bl. Dwarf ii, On this moor she used to hold her revels with her sister hags. 1833H. Martineau Cinnamon & P. iv. 66 The dull roar of the distant sea spoke of hags riding the blast.
3. a. An ugly, repulsive old woman: often with implication of viciousness or maliciousness.
(The place of the first two quots. is doubtful.)
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 191 With two blered eyghen as a blynde hagge. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. ii. iii. 108 A grosse Hagge: And Lozell, thou art worthy to be hang'd, That wilt not stay her Tongue. a1711Ken Urania Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 481 The Hagg, who by Cosmeticks smear'd, Fair at first sight appear'd. 1713Steele Englishm. No. 40. 261 Oppression..makes handsome Women Hags ante diem. 1791Cowper Odyss. xviii. 33 Llike an old hag Collied with chimney-smutch! 1834Lytton Pompeii iii. ix, Perhaps in no country are there seen so many hags as in Italy. 1866Geo. Eliot F. Holt (1868) 19, ‘I am a hag’, she said..‘an ugly old woman who happens to be his mother’.
b. fig. Applied to personifications of evil or of vice. (The place of the first quot. is uncertain.)
a1225Ancr. R. 216 Þe seoue moder sunnen..and of hwuche mesteres þeo ilke men serueð..þet habbeð iwiued o þeos seouen heggen. 1577tr. Bullinger's Decades (1592) 165 Ill fauoured enuie, vgly hagge. 1830Tennyson Poems 124 Shall the hag Evil die with child of Good?
†c. transf. Applied opprobriously to a man. (Skelton's use is uncertain.) Obs.
a1529Skelton Dk. Albany 295 For thou can not but brag, Lyke a Scottyshe hag: Adue nowe, sir Wrig wrag. a1529― Col. Clout 51 My name ys Colyn Clowte, And [I] purpose to shake owte All my Connyng Bagge, Lyke A clarkely hagge. 1565Golding Ovid's Met. iv. (1593) 80 That old hag [Silenus] that with a staffe his staggring limmes doth stay. 1587― De Mornay xiv. 221 Giue to the oldest Hag that is the same eies that he had when he was yoong. 1676W. Row Contn. Blair's Autobiog. xii. (1848) 492 Me who am an old hag that must shortly die.
Here perhaps belongs the following:
1553Bale Vocacyon in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) I. 357 Than was all the rable of the shippe, hag, tag, and rag called to the reckeninge.
4.
†a. A kind of light said to appear at night on horses' manes and men's hair. Obs.
b. dial. A white mist usually accompanying frost.
1530Palsgr. 228/2 Hagge, a flame of fyre that shyneth by night, furolle. 1656T. White Peripat. Inst. 149 Flammæ lambentes (or those we call Haggs) are made of Sweat or some other Vapour issuing out of the Head. 1825Brockett N.C. Gloss., Hag,..a white mist, similar to dag. 1855Robinson Whitby Gloss., Hag, mist. ‘Frost hag’, frost haze.
5. A cyclostomous fish (Myxine glultinosa) allied to the lamprey, having an eel-like form, and living parasitically upon other fishes. Also hagfish.
1823Crabb Technol. Dict., Hag, a particular sort of fish, of an eel-shape..It is of so gelatinous a nature, that when placed in a vessel of sea-water it soon turns it to glue. 1835Kirby Hab. & Inst. Anim. II. xxi. 373 Those extraordinary animals, the hag and the lamprey. 1881Cassell's Nat. Hist. V. 146 This destruction [of a Haddock] is sometimes accomplished by a single Hag, but as many as twenty have been found in the body of a single fish.
6. attrib. and Comb., (chiefly from 2) as hag-advocate, hag-finder, hag-seed, hag-witch; hag-born, hag-steered adjs.; hag-like adv. and adj.; hag-stone, hag's teeth (see quots.); hag-track = fairy-ring.
1718F. Hutchinson Witchcraft Ded. (1720) 17 The odious Names of *Hag-Advocates.
1610Shakes. Temp. i. ii. 283 The Son, that she did littour heere, A frekelld whelpe, *hag-borne.
1637B. Jonson Sad Sheph. ii. ii, That do I promise, or I am no good *hag-finder.
1634Randolph Muses' Looking-Glass i. iii, Her unkemb'd hair, Dress'd up with cobwebs, made her *haglike stare. 1824J. Morier Adv. Hajji Baba I. xiii. 148 There was also..an old woman of a hag-like and decrepit appearance.
1610Shakes. Temp. i. ii. 365 *Hag-seed, hence.
1787Grose Provinc. Gloss. Superstitions 57 A stone with a hole in it, hung at the bed's head, will prevent the night-mare; it is therefore called a *hag-stone.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., *Hag's teeth, those parts of a matting or pointing interwoven with the rest in an irregular manner, so as to spoil the uniformity.
1858Murray's Hand-bk. Kent Introd. 32 ‘Fairy rings’, sometimes called ‘*hag-tracks’.
a1658Cleveland Agst. Ale v, May some old *Hag-witch get astride Thy Bung, as if she meant to ride.
▪ II. hag, n.2 north. dial.
Also 6–7 hagg.
[perh. a. ON. hagi, Sw. hage enclosed field, pasture; cognate with OE. haᵹa m., enclosure, place fenced in, MDu. hāghe m. and f., hedge, enclosure, thicket of underwood, Du. haag f., hedge enclosure, MHG. hagen, hage m., thicket. Cf. haw n.1]
†1. (?) A hedge. Obs.
c1470Henry Wallace xi. 21 Hagis, alais, be laubour that was thar, [were] Fulȝeit and spilt.
2. A wooded enclosure; a coppice or copse.
1589Will of Corntwhat (Somerset Ho.), One close..adioyning to one hagg of my maisters called Cock crawe..& the lytle hagg. 1600Fairfax Tasso viii. xli. 150 He led me ouer holts and hags. 1788W. Marshall Yorksh. Gloss., Hags, hanging-woods; or woods in general. 1825Brockett N.C. Gloss., Hag,..a wood into which cattle are admitted. 1847–78Halliw. s.v., The park at Auckland Castle was formerly called the Hag. 1869Lonsdale Gloss., Hag, an enclosure, a wood. 1878Cumbld. Gloss., Hag, (Central) a woody place intermixed with grass land; (East) a wooded hill.
▪ III. hag, n.3 Sc. and north. dial.
Also hagg.
[Of Norse origin: cf. ON. hǫgg (:—*haggw-), cutting blow or stroke, also a hewing-down of trees, hǫgg-skógr, ‘hag-shaw’, wood of felled trees; f. hǫggva to hew, hag v.1 (ON. ǫ is regularly repr. by a in Eng.: cf. addle v.2)]
1. A cutting, hewing, or felling. (See quots.)
1808–18Jamieson, Hag, one cutting of a certain quantity of wood. 1845H. Fraser Statist. Acc. Scotl. VII. ii. 505 At each hagg or felling..these..may produce the sum of {pstlg}9000. Ibid. 520 The value of each hagg or cutting of the woods..amounts to {pstlg}8260.
2. The stump of a tree left after felling. Also hagsnare.
1615W. Lawson Orch. & Gard. iii. xi. (1668) 33, I see a number of Hags, where, out of one root, you shall see three or four, pretty Oaks, or Ashes straight and tall. 1796W. Marshall Yorksh. (ed. 2) Gloss., Hagsnare, a stool or stub off which coppice-wood has been cut. 1855Robinson Whitby Gloss., Hagsnare.
3. A portion of a wood marked off for cutting; hence, a lot of felled wood, such as is used for fuel.
1796Statist. Acc. Scotl., Dunbartonsh. XVII. 244 (Jam.) They [the oak woods] are of such extent as to admit of their being properly divided into 20 separate hags or parts, one of which may be cut every year. 1803Edinb. Evening Courant 26 Mar. (Jam.) To be exposed for sale by public roup—a hag of wood, consisting of oak, beech, and birch, all in one lot. 1814Scott Wav. x, Edward learned from her that the dark hag..was simply a portion of oak copse which was to be felled that day. 1825Jamieson, Hag.. 5. The lesser branches used for fire-wood, after the trees are felled for carpenter-work. 1847–78[see 4].
4. Comb., as hag-house, ? a place for storing firewood; hag-path, ? a path through a copse; hagsnare (see 2); hag-staff (see quot.); hag-wood, ‘a copse wood fitted for having a regular cutting of trees in it’ (Jam.).
1733List Chambers in College of Edinb. in Sir A. Grant Univ. Edinb. (1883) II. 192 The Hagg House. Mr. Dawson, Coal-seller. 1816R. Kerr Agric. Surv. Berwicksh. 334 (Jam.) Remains of ancient oak forests..which have grown into a kind of copse, or what is termed in Scotland hag woods. 1847–78Halliw., Hag,..when a set of workmen undertake to fell a wood, they divide it into equal portions by cutting off a rod called a hag-staff, three or four feet from the ground, to mark the divisions, each of which is called a hag. 1887N. & Q. 7th Ser. III. 197 In Warwickshire the rods which mark the boundary of a fall of timber are called hagg-staffs. 1889Blackw. Mag. Dec. 826 The poacher..will at evening pass under the wood and down by the ‘hag’ path.
▪ IV. hag, n.4 Sc. and north. dial.
Also hagg.
[Cf. ON. hǫgg (:—*haggw-), in the sense ‘cut-like gap or ravine in a mountain’, f. hǫggva: see prec., and hag v.1]
†1. A break, gap, or chasm (in a crag or cliff). Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 9886 Þi castel..it es hei sett a-pon þe crag, Grai and hard, wit-vten hag [Gött. hagg]. [Cf.1876Whitby Gloss., Hag, a rock or cliff. ‘Built on the face of the hab.’ Old local statement.]
2. ‘Moss-ground that has formerly been broken up; a pit or break in a moss’, i.e. marsh or bog (Jam.). Used in two opposite senses:
a. A piece of soft bog, esp. in a moor or morass.
1662Dugdale Hist. Imbanking xlv. 292/2 (trans. Perambulation of Wigenhale, Norfolk 13 Hen. IV, 1411) All the warp should be thrown into the Common wayes to fill up haggs and lakes. 1724Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) I. 79 The wind's drifting hail and sna' O'er frozen hags, like a' foot ba'. 1787Burns Samson's Elegy 55 Owre many a weary hag he limpit. 1820Scott Monast. xxiii, To assist his companion to cross the black intervals of quaking bog, called in the Scottish dialect hags, by which the firmer parts of the morass were intersected. 1864J. Brown Jeems 15 You slip back, you tumble into a moss-hagg. 1886Stevenson Kidnapped xiv, I..had to stop..and drink the peaty water out of the hags.
b. One of the turfy or heathery spots of firmer ground which rise out of a peat bog.
1805Scott Last Minstr. iv. v, A small and shaggy nag, That through a bog, from hag to hag, Could bound like any Billhope stag. 1861G. J. Whyte-Melville Tilbury Nogo 346 The moss or bog being very soft and treacherous, and the little knolls of soft ground—Scotticè, hags—being at that exact distance apart which tempted the ambitious sports⁓man to a leap, not always a successful one. 1892H. Hutchinson Fairway Isl. 241 Beside a large hag of heather.
3. The vertical or overhanging margin of a peat-cutting: the shelving margin of a stream.
1893Heslop Northumbld. Gloss., Hag, Peat-hag, or Moss-hag, a projecting mass of peat forming an escarpment on a peat moor, or the peat on high moors left by edges of water gutters. These hags form miniature ravines on the surface. Mod. Sc. (Roxb.), There will be trout lying under the hag there.
▪ V. hag, n.5 dial.
[Cf. hag v.2 sense 3 b.]
1887S. Cheshire Gloss., Hag, a task..to work by hag = by task, by the piece, instead of by the day or the week. Ibid., Hag-master, the overseer who apportions out the ‘hag-work’.
▪ VI. hag, n.6
see hag-boat.
▪ VII. hag, v.1 north. dial.
Also 5–7 hagge.
[a. ON. hǫggva (:—*haggwan:—OTeut. *hauwan) to strike or smite with a sharp weapon, to hack, = OE. héawan, to hew: cf. hag n.3, hagworm.]
trans. To cut, hew, chop; = hack v.1 1. Also absol. or intr.
c1400Destr. Troy 10023 Þai..hurlit þurgh the hard maile, hagget the lere. 1611Cotgr., Degrader vne forest, to hagge, or fell it all downe. 1727Walker Peden's Life in Biogr. Scot. 489 (Jam.) They are hashing and hagging them down, and their blood is running down like water. 1811Willan W. Riding Yorksh. Gloss., Hag, to cut and shape with an axe. 1836Sir G. Head Home Tour 398 Some ‘hagged’ the coal breaking it in fragments with pickaxes. 1895Crockett Men of Moss-hags xxv. 192 Like a man hagging hard wood with a blunt axe.
Hence hagged ppl. a.; ˈhagging vbl. n.
1825Celebrated Trials V. 362 She drew a pistol, with a new hagged flint from her pocket. 1893Stevenson Catriona 165 That he should have a hand in hagging and hashing at Christ's Kirk.
▪ VIII. hag, v.2 Obs. exc. dial.
[In sense 1, f. hag n.1; senses 2–4 may be of different origin.]
†1. trans. To torment or terrify as a hag; to trouble as the nightmare. Obs.
1598Drayton Heroic. Ep. Wks. (1748) 108, I would hag her nightly in her bed, And on her breast lie like a lump of lead. 1662Ogilby King's Coronation 8, I Sorc'ry use, and hag Men in their Beds. 1678Butler Hud. iii. iii. 20 That makes 'em in the dark see Visions, And hag them⁓selves with Apparitions. c1700Watts Horæ Lyr. ii. To Discontented 40 Haunted and hagg'd where'er she roves.
2. To incite, urge; to ‘egg’ on. Now dial.
1587M. Grove Pelops & Hipp. (1878) 89 Hope doth hag me to encline with pen once for to paynt The staggering staffe whereby I stay. 1881Leicestersh. Gloss., Hagg..to incite; urge; instigate. ‘Doon't ye hagg him on.’
3. To fatigue, tire out, ‘fag’. Now dial.
1674R. Godfrey Inj. & Ab. Physick 184 Nature is not only even jaded, and hag'd, but likewise for the future admonisht. 1742Fielding J. Andrews iv. xiv, Hagged out with what had happened to her in the day. 1766Dodsley's Poets V. 291 The toilsome employments of mother and wife, Had hag'd the poor woman half out of her life. 1828Craven Dial. s.v., ‘I'se fair hagged off my legs.’ 1854Baker Northamptonsh. Gloss., Hagg, to fatigue, to weary.
b. To overwork and underpay, to ‘sweat’.
1891Labour Commission Gloss., Hag principle, term used to denote the system under which a skilled miner employs an unskilled man, paying him, say, 4s. per day, when, possibly, he might have earned 7s. or 8s. if working for himself. This process is called hagging. Crudely put, the hag principle is the ‘sweating system’.
†4. intr. To go wearily. Obs.
a1763Byrom Poems (1773) I. 11 We hagg'd along the solitary Road.
▪ IX. hag, hagg
var. of hake4, fire-arm. |