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Hanse Hist.
(hæns, ‖ ˈhanzə)
Also 2–7 hans, 6–7 haunce, haunse.
[a. OF. hanse, and med.L. hansa, a. OHG. (and Goth.) hansa (= OE. hós) military troop, band, company, MHG. hanse fellowship, association, merchants' guild.
The early examples of this word relating to England occur in Latin charters and other documents, and in the L. form hansa, the precise sense of which, e.g. in the phrase ‘gilda mercatoria et (or cum) hansa’, is often difficult to determine. See the discussion of the word in Gross, The Gild Merchant I. Appendix C. The following two main senses may be distinguished, but the order of their appearance in Eng. is not clear.]
1. A company or guild of merchants in former times; an association of merchants trading with foreign parts; the merchant guild of a town; also, the privileges and monopolies possessed by it; sometimes, app., the guild-hall or ‘hanse-house’.
The Old Hanse was the Fellowship of the London Merchants which had a monopoly of the foreign trade of London since Norman times; the New Hanse was the company of Merchant Adventurers first incorporated in 1497, which received charters from Henry VII in 1505 and Elizabeth in 1566.
1199Charter of K. John to Dunwich in Brady Boroughs (1790) App. 10 Concessimus etiam eis hansam, et Gildam Mercatoriam, sicut habere consueverint. 1297in Lib. Cust. (Rolls) i. 71 Quod non sunt del Hauns de Amyas, Corbie, et Nele, nec aliquid habent in societate cum hominibus eorundem partium, nec cum creditoribus ejusdem Hanciæ. 1552–3in Hist. MSS. Comm. Rep. Cecil Papers I. 132 [Petition to Lord Chancellor, from the] New Haunce [of the Merchant Adventurers, for redress of their grievances against those of the] Old Haunce. 1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 275/1 A deed, in which king John granted to the citizens of Yorke a guildhall, hanse, and other liberties. 1594Plat Jewell-ho. iii. 89 Offering to exchange their freedome, both of the olde Haunce and of the newe, for this multiplying Art [of alchemy]. c1600Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 18913, lf. 23 (Gross I. 195 note) Euerie persone admitted into the Freedome of the Fellowshippe of Merchant Adventurers of the Realm of England shall pay at suche his admission yf he come in one the old hanse, as yt ys termed, 6s. 8d. sterlinge, And yf he come in one the new hanse, tenn markes sterlinge. 1623tr. Favine's Theat. Hon. ii. iv. 79 Made among one part of them a Hanse, that is to say, a League and Societie. 1872C. Innes Lect. Scott. Legal Antiq. III. 114 All the burghs beyond the Munth had a confederacy called by the name of Hanse. [But it is disputed whether this was the meaning or effect of the liberum ansum conferred by K. William the Lion, 1165–1214, upon all his burgesses north of the Munth: see Gross I. 197.] 1890Gross Gild Merch. I. 198 note, This Hanse of London flourished in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries..Bruges and Ypres were at the head of this league, which originally consisted of seventeen towns of Flanders, and North France.
b. spec. The name of a famous political and commercial league of Germanic towns, which had also a house in London. pl. The Hanse towns or their citizens.
1305in Lib. Cust. i. 112 Quod Alemanni de Hansa, mercatores Alemanniæ, sint quieti de ij solidis, ingrediendo et exeundo..ad Portam de Bisshopesgate. 1485in Mat. illust. Reign Hen. VII (Rolls) I. 115 The merchants of the Hanze in Almayne, having a house in the city of London, commonly called Guyldhall Theutonicorum. 1503–4Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 23 ‘For þe Stillyard’, To the prejudice hurt or charge of the seid merchauntes of the Hanse. 1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 155 [They] passed through the chiefe cities of the Hanse and treated in such sorte with the Burgomasters of them that [etc.]. a1618Raleigh Invent. Shipping 24 The rest, the Popes, then the Hanses, and lastly the Turks have in effect ruined. 1890Gross Gild Merch. I. 196 In charters conferred by English kings upon the Teutonic Hanse, gild and hanse are used synonymously.
2. The entrance-fee of a mediæval trading guild; also, a toll or impost levied upon merchants or traders not of the guild.[This was a very early sense of hansa: see Du Cange.] 1200Charter of K. John to Ipswich (Gross II. 121) Ad ponendum se in Gilda et ad hansam suam eidem Gilde dandam. 1279Andover Gild Rolls (Gross II. 292) Quod non tenetur aliquid super Gildam quam tenet, pro qua interrogatus fuit soluere suum hans. 13..K. Alis. 1571 (MS. Laud) He gaf þe bisshopp to gode hans, Riche Baizes besauntz & pans. Ibid. 2935 Sendith ows, to gode hans, On hundreþ þousande besauntz From ȝer to ȝerne molke ȝee faile. 1659Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 18913, lf. 19 (Gross I. 195 note) For all Hanses, Fines and Broakes att Admissions, and all Broakes condemned in Court for any kind of Transgressions against the orders of the Fellowshipp. 1890Gross Gild Merch. I. App. C. 194 The term ‘hanse’ was most commonly used to denote a mercantile tribute or exaction, either as a fee payable upon entering the gild merchant, or as a toll imposed upon non-gildsmen before they were allowed to trade in the town.
3. attrib. and Comb., as hanse-house, the house in which the members of a hanse met, a guild-hall; sometimes = sense 1; † hanse-penny, a payment levied by a hanse; also hanse-gild, etc.
b. Hanse city, Hanse town, one of the towns of the German Hanse or Hanseatic League; so Hanse association, Hanse league, Hanse merchant, etc.
a1135Charter of Thurstan to Beverley in Rymer Fœdera (1816) I. 10 Volo ut burgenses mei de Beverlaco habeant suam hanshus. 1337Andover Gild Rolls (Gross II. 333) Et solutum est eadem die de Hanspanes..iis. xid. 1585in Poulson Beverlac I. 330 The rent, revenewes, yssues, profittyes, and comoidytyes perteyninge to the hanse house and comynaltie of the same towne. 1876Freeman Norm. Conq. V. xxiv. 472 The men of York had their Hanse⁓house; the men of Beverley should have their Hanse house too.
b.1571Act 13 Eliz. c. 14 Merchant strangers..from the lxxii. hanse Townes. 1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 155 The common society of the Hans marchants. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 76 Not subject to the duke, but a free and hanstown. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 268 Of Hanse cities there were 72, mutually bound by ancient leagues to enjoy common privileges and freedomes. 1753Hanway Trav. (1762) II. i. iii. 14 Hamburg is well known to be a hanse town. 1787A. Anderson Hist. Comm. I. 502 The naval superiority of the Hans-League at this time [1474]. 1861M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 41 Edward..granted new privileges to the Hanse association.
Hence hansing vbl. n., as in hansing-silver, money paid for admittance into a hanse.
1304in Collect. Buriensia Add. MS. 17391 (Gross Gild Merch. II. 32) ij solidos et unum denarium, quam quidem solutionem vocant inter se hansing-silver. |