| 释义 |
productive, a. (n.)|prəʊˈdʌktɪv|
[ad. F. productif, -ive (16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), or (its source) med.L. prōductīv-us: see product ppl. a. and -ive.]
A. adj.
1. a. Having the quality of producing or bringing forth; tending to produce; creative, generative.
1612R. Sheldon Serm. St. Martin's 35 What new existencies are made of one Christ, by your productiue, creatiue, and factiue consecrations in your massing fiue words? 1754Edwards Freed. Will ii. iii. 41 There are many Things which have no such positive productive Influence. 1830R. Knox Béclard's Anat. 163 These alterations of the hairs..have all their origin and cause in the productive parts. 1870Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. i. (1873) 168 A writer so busy as Shakespeare must have been during his productive period.
b. Const. of the thing produced.
1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. i. iv. § 17. 302 That essence, that is generative or productive of all things. 1767Cowper Let. to J. Hill 16 June, This part of the world is not productive of much news. 1870Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. 81 Oak trees..productive of gall nuts.
c. Med. Of a cough: that raises mucus or sputum.
1923Radiology I. 168/2 At the time of examination..she had a persistent and slightly productive cough. 1965Brit. Jrnl. Industr. Med. XXII. 194/1 Those who smoked, and more particularly those who had a productive cough, had lower ventilatory capacities and lower forced expiratory ratios than the remainder.
2. That causes or brings about, that results in; causative. Always with of.
1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. i. §70 His single Misfortune..(which..was productive of many greater). 1748Anson's Voy. ii. ii. 136 Salted cod..was..as productive of the scurvy, as any other kind of salt provisions. 1806Med. Jrnl. XV. 457 It may be productive..of incalculable good. 1886Act 49 & 50 Vict. c. 50 Preamble, Such want of uniformity is productive of great inconvenience.
3. Pol. Econ. That produces or increases wealth or value; engaged in the production of commodities of exchangeable value; esp. in productive labour, productive labourer, productive classes. Also, esp. in Marxist theory, as productive forces.
1776Adam Smith W.N. ii. iii. (1869) I. 332 There is one sort of labour that adds to the value of the subject upon which it is bestowed: there is another which has no such effect. The former, as it produces a value, may be called productive. 1792A. Young Trav. France 438 A government..that struck a palsy into all the lower and productive classes to favour those whose only merit is consumption. 1832H. Martineau Life in Wilds iv. 51, I have been accustomed..to think productive labourers more valuable than unproductive. 1848Mill Pol. Econ. i. ii. §3 Precious stones..are to some small extent employed in the productive arts. 1878Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. iii. 28 The great object must be to make labour as productive as possible, that is, to get as much wealth as we can with a reasonable amount of labour. 1907L. Boudin Theoretical System K. Marx ii. 26 The basis of the structure [of society] is a given state of the development of the productive forces of society. 1909E. Untermann tr. Marx's Capital III. xv. 293 The means, this unconditional development of the productive forces of society, comes continually into conflict with the limited end, the self-expansion of the existing capital. 1927E. & C. Paul tr. Lenin in D. Ryazanoff Karl Marx 123 At a certain stage of development, the material productive forces of society come into conflict with the..property relationships within which they have hitherto moved. 1973C. D. Kernig Marxism, Communism & Western Society VII. 36/1 The concept ‘productive forces’ is very important for the Marxist interpretation of revolution... Designated as ‘productive forces’ are working people, means of production..developed and employed by people and, in addition, the means of labour (raw materials, natural resources) that are consumed.
4. That produces readily or abundantly; fertile; prolific.
[1706Phillips (ed. 6), Productive, apt to produce, or bring forth. 1722Pope Chorus Brutus, Youths & Virgins 24 Chaste as cold Cynthia's virgin light, Productive as the Sun.] 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 615 The mine of Ecton..was one of the most productive in the kingdom. 1874Fawcett Pol. Econ. ii. v. (ed. 4) 175 An abundance of productive land.
†B. n. That which produces or tends to produce. Obs.
1642R. Watson Serm. Schisme 29 That last productive of Schisme, Inordinate zeal. 1686Goad Celest. Bodies i. ii, Warmth is the instrumental Productive of Cloud and Rain.
Sense 1 c in Dict. becomes 1 d. Add: [A.] [1.] c. Philol. Of an affix or word element: readily or frequently used in the formation of new words.
1902N.E.D. s.v. -lent suffix, -lentus was a productive suffix. 1939L. H. Gray Foundations of Lang. vi. 161 If one of the components of a compound possesses so general a meaning that it readily admits of combination with a considerable number of words, it may become productive, i.e., it may become a regular formative element. 1968B. Foster Changing Eng. Lang. iv. 188 Another productive ending which has been created quite unexpectedly..is ‘-burger’. 1973A. H. Sommerstein Sound Pattern Anc. Greek ii. 9 There is a productive suffix—τηριο—which forms adjectives from verb stems. 1980Amer. Speech LV. 37 All three terms are semantically accessible and productive in the speech of the areas where they occur. |