| 释义 |
uniˈlateral, a.
[ad. mod.L. ūnilaterāl-is, or f. uni- + lateral a. Cf. F. unilatéral (1804), Sp. and Pg. unilateral, It. -ale.]
I.
1. a. Bot. Of a raceme or panicle: Having the flowers on one side of the peduncle. Also, of a cyme: Having a branch or axis on one side only.
1802R. Hall Elem. Bot. 156 One-sided, or Unilateral, unilateralis, applied to a raceme with all the flowers inserted on one side. 1853G. Johnston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. I. 218 A coarse but productive species, distinguished readily by its unilateral panicle.
b. Bot. and Zool. Arranged or produced on one side of an axis or surface; directed or turned towards one side.
1870Hooker Stud. Flora 275 Disk hypogynous unilateral. 1876tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 118 The genital pores are unilateral. 1879Hardwicke's Science-Gossip XV. 203/2 Its flowers are unilateral, as those of the forget-me-not.
c. Of car-parking: restricted to one side of the street.
1945Rep. Watch Comm. Oxf. City Council 7 June, The Council desired to preserve the effect of the war-time Orders..relating to unilateral parking in King Edward Street. 1954Highway Engin. Terms (B.S.I.) 57 Unilateral waiting (prohibition of), a system under which vehicles are prohibited from waiting on one side of a carriageway. The side may be fixed or alternated. 1959Listener 14 May 841/2 Or, if it is unilateral parking, that you go to the side where parking is allowed.
2. a. Of or pertaining to, occurring on or affecting, one side of an organ or part.
unilateral horse-shoe (see quot. 1843).
1843Youatt Horse (ed. 3) xxi. 424 The Unilateral, or one side nailed shoe. Ibid., The unilateral shoe has this great advantage. 1877M. Foster Physiol. iii. vi. 456 The loss of voluntary movement which follows upon a unilateral section of the medulla. 1880Bastian Brain iii. 57 The unilateral influence of Light.
b. Path. and Med. Affecting or developed on only one side of the body at the same time.
1876Duhring Dis. Skin 225 Zoster is almost invariably unilateral. 1879P. Smith Glaucoma 5 Hence the bilateral character of chronic glaucoma, and the unilateral acute attacks. 1893A. S. Eccles Sciatica 7 In the more common form, viz., unilateral sciatica.
c. Phonetics. Uttered or produced with the glottis open on one side only.
1867A. M. Bell Visible Speech 59 Uni-lateral formations. When the breath issues by only one side aperture in forming any ‘divided’ consonant, the modifier [etc.]. 1887Ellis in Encycl. Brit. XXII. 387/1 Voiced form or buzz of unilateral Welsh ll.
3. Math. (See latter quot.)
1884Sylvester Coll. Math. Papers (1912) IV. 152 A unilateral simple equation. Ibid. 225 The Quadratic Equation of a form which I call unilateral, because the quaternion coefficients in it are supposed all to lie on the same side of the unknown quantity.
II.
4. a. Performed or undertaken by or on the part of one side; made, enjoyed, shared in, felt, etc., by only one person or party.
1802W. Windham Let. in Windham Papers II. 200 This communication..is in this way..unilateral, in which I may speak to you, without hearing anything in return. 1836Turnbull Stubbes' Anat. Abuses Pref. p. x, That the Editor may not be accused of an unilateral predilection for his protegé. 1885Times 6 May 9 It is time to make him understand..that our relations with him cannot continue to be of this unilateral character.
b. Law. Made or entered upon by one party, esp. without reciprocal obligation on the part of another or others; binding or imposed upon one party only.
1802–12Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) II. 495 In the case of an unilateral deed, the scribe may be the party himself. 1826G. J. Bell Comm. Laws Scotl. I. 334 Uni⁓lateral obligations and bonds. a1859Austin Jurispr. (1879) I. 324 The promise..is, in the language of the jurists, a convention unilateral. 1875Poste Gaius iii. 362 A unilateral Disposition is one made by a solitary principal disposer.
c. Of succession: Of or from one side or parent.
1881Times 17 Jan. 4 Men may contract for reciprocal rights of cross or unilateral succession.
d. unilateral disarmament, disarmament (in recent use, spec. of nuclear weapons) by one state, irrespective of whether others take similar action. Also unilateral disarmer.
1929Times 15 Nov. 14/3 Lord Salisbury agreed that unilateral disarmament had probably reached its limits. 1935C. R. Attlee in Hansard Commons 22 May 375, I want to recall to the House what our position is as a party on the question of defence... We do not stand for unilateral disarmament. 1960[see disarmer b]. 1969Plano & Olton Internat. Relations Dict. 237 By demonstrating peaceful intentions rather than merely talking about them, unilateral disarmament theorists believe, one side could put the arms-race cycle into reverse by evoking reciprocation of its disarmament initiatives. 1980Observer 14 Sept. 11 To adopt the unilateral disarmament option would be akin to behaving like a virgin in a brothel. 1980Times 17 Nov. 15/3 Mr Foot..is a unilateral disarmer. 1984S. Townsend Growing Pains A. Mole 90 Went back to Pandora's and watched the Labour Party Conference vote for unilateral disarmament... If elected the Labour Party would chuck all their nuclear weapons away.
5. a. Dealing or concerned with, relating to, only one side of a subject; one-sided.
1830Edin. Rev. LI. 531 The results of this uni-lateral..mode of proceeding. 1838Sir W. Hamilton Logic xxx. (1866) II. 111 The unilateral and incompetent reasoning which I have here supposed in the case of time. 1873Morley Rousseau II. 145 This is a unilateral view of the social contract, and omits the element of reciprocity.
b. Logic. (See quot.)
1864Bowen Logic vi. 170 In some cases, the Restriction..and the Integration may be bilateral.., as affecting both Subject and Predicate;..or unilateral,..as affecting either the Subject only,..or the Predicate only.
Hence unilateˈrality, the quality or character of being unilateral.
1844Delane in Dasent Life & Corr. (1908) I. 46 Unilaterality (there's a long word for you) is an essential ingredient in a printer's happiness. 1887Ellis in Encycl. Brit. XXII. 387/1 This unilaterality [of click] is insisted on by Salesbury. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 622 True zoster of the face characterized by unilaterality. |