| 释义 |
productivity|prəʊdʌkˈtɪvɪtɪ, prɒd-|
[f. L. prōductīv-us productive + -ity. So F. productivité.]
1. a. The quality or fact of being productive; capacity to produce; = productiveness.
1809–10Coleridge Friend (1818) III. 202 Its own productivity would have remained for ever hidden from itself. 1840J. H. Green Vital Dynamics 30 This is the first character of all life, Productivity. 1865Lecky Ration. (1878) II. 347 A sign of the limited productivity of the soil. 1898L. Stephen Stud. Biog. II. i. 29 A publisher..doing all in his power to stimulate the productivity of an author.
b. Ecol. The rate of production of biomass.
1908J. Johnstone Conditions of Life in Sea ix. 179 It is much more difficult to attempt..estimations of the productivity of a sea area, than merely to attempt to ascertain the mass of life at one particular time. 1934Q. Rev. Biol. IX. 175/2 Along the Southern California coast the greatest productivity is..within fifty miles of shore. 1953E. P. Odum Fund. Ecol. iv. 82 It is important to distinguish between the basic or primary productivity on the one hand and consumer or secondary productivity on the other. 1960N. Polunin Introd. Plant Geogr. xv. 478 There is insufficient data as yet to compare the vegetational productivity of different climatic zones. Thus although some tropical inland waters may be more prolific as producers of plant or animal life than some extra-tropical ones, others are practically barren. Ibid. xvi. 520 The average productivity of similar land and ocean areas appear to be roughly comparable over the year, being said to be of the order of three tons of dry material per acre. 1970W. D. Russell-Hunter Aquatic Productivity xii. 226 This primary productivity of the oceans..amounts to considerably more than half of the primary productivity of the entire world.
c. Econ. The rate of output per unit of input, used esp. in measuring capital growth, and in assessing the effective use of labour, materials, and equipment. Also transf.
1899J. B. Clark Distrib. Wealth iv. 49 We have said that the specific productivity of labor fixes wages... In like manner, the specific productivity of capital fixes interest. 1930Economist 18 Jan. 107/2 Still, if productivity has risen high, profits have not followed suit. 1936J. M. Keynes Gen. Theory Employment xi. 138 Many discussions of this subject seem to be mainly concerned with the physical productivity of capital in some sense. 1947Amer. Econ. Rev. May 402 We must try to distinguish as sharply as possible between increase and decrease of productivity caused by larger or smaller output volume—volume productivity increase—and the increase and decrease of productivity caused by real improvement of production or organization—real productivity increase. 1955Sci. Amer. July 35/1 Machinery prices being similar for the managements of all the plants, productivity was a direct function of the average hourly earnings of production workers. 1957Introd. Work Study (Internat. Labour Office) i. 5 Productivity..is..the arithmetical ratio between the amount produced and the amount of the resources used in the course of production. 1962Daily Tel. 15 Nov. 1/4 The pace at which our productivity is increasing is too slow, and we hope this National Productivity Year will ginger things up a bit. 1965H. Wilson in Oxf. Times 3 Dec. 16/2, I think I may claim the responsibility for introducing the word ‘productivity’ to Whitehall, and I'm not proud of it. 1970Physics Bull. July 291/1 The ‘productivity’ of the Council has also edged up, with the subject boards considering more courses at fewer meetings. 1976A. W. A. Peterson in T. S. Barker Econ. Struct. & Policy v. 107 The model of production..assumes that industrial investment brings about higher labour productivity as a result of the introduction of more modern equipment.
2. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 1 c) productivity agreement, productivity deal, productivity measure, productivity team.
1978Cornish Guardian 27 Apr. 12/7 An active participant in the introduction of the Company Productivity Agreements.
1970G. Greer Female Eunuch 243 By playing upon..discontent with wage freezes and productivity deals, an adroit Tory can convert the working class to the most arrant conservatism. 1977Navy News Dec. 18/1 The opinion that in industry some ‘spurious productivity deals’ are now being drawn up has been voiced in a letter received from a PO.
1959J. W. Kendrick Wages, Prices, Profits & Productivity (Amer. Assembly, Columbia Univ.) ii. 39 The most commonly used productivity measure is ‘output per man-hour’.
1953Britannica Bk. of Year 638/2 A team of experts appointed to study methods of increasing production assumed the title of Productivity Team. |