| 释义 |
▪ I. † heal, hele, n. Obs. exc. Sc.
Forms: 1 hǽlu, hǽlo, hǽl, 2–3 hæle, 2–6 hele, 2–7 heale, 4–5 heel(e, 6–7 heal; also 4 hel, Sc. heile, heyle, 5 helle, (ȝele), 5 north., 5–7 Sc. heill, 6 Sc. heil, 7–8 Sc. heal(l, 9 Sc. hale.
[OE. hǽlu, hǽlo, hǽl, corresp. to OS. hêli (MDu. heile), OHG. heilî, hailî, hêlî (MHG. heile), Goth. *hailei, -ein, from hail-s, OE. hál adj. hale, whole; one of the abstr. fems. in WGer. -î, from earlier -în, which in OE. changed this ending to -u. Cf. the doublets hail n.2, hale n.1]
1. Sound bodily condition; freedom from sickness; health.
a1000Crist 1654 Þær is..hælu butan sare. c1000Sax. Leechd. I. 342 Him cymð god hæl. c1175Lamb. Hom. 145 Þer scal beon..hele wið-uten unhele. a1300Cursor M. 23465 Hele [Edin. hel] wit-vten seke or sare. c1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. (E.E.T.S.) 66 Kepyng of hele ys mor bettir and mor precious þan any medicyne. 1431E.E. Wills (1882) 87 Beyng yn goode heale and yn my full wittes. c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 351 To preserue your lord in heele [rime euery deele]. 1508Dunbar Poems iv. 1, I that in heill wes and glaidnes, Am trublit now with gret seiknes. a1553Udall Royster D. iii. iii. (Arb.) 46 He was your right good maister while he was in heale. 1606Warner Alb. Eng. xvi. ciii. 405 That thou beest, Pegge, in better heale than I my selfe am now I wish. 1721Ramsay Answ. Burchet's Epist. 31 I'll wish ye weel, And aft in sparkling claret drink your heal. 1795Burns To Mr. Mitchell v, My heal and weal I'll tak a care o't.
b. Recovery from sickness, healing, cure. (In quots. 1470–85, 1687, A cure, remedy.)
c1175Lamb. Hom. 29 Ane wunde..oðer hwile hit is on wane of his hele. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 16/514 Heore hele huy hadden riȝt þere. c1340Cursor M. 19754 Crist ȝyue þe hele of þi wo. 1470–85Malory Arthur xvii. xi, And she myght haue a dysshe ful of blood of a mayde..that blood shold be her hele. 1687P. Madan Tunbridge Waters in Harl. Misc. (1808) I. 586 A common heal, A free-cost health.
2. Well-being, welfare, safety; prosperity.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. v. 47 Gif ᵹie hælo beadas broðero. 13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 16 Þat wele þat wont watz..heuen my happe & al my hele. c1386Chaucer Frankl. T. 359 Arueragus with heele and greet honour..Is comen hoom. 1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy i. v, Where thrugh thin honor worship & thin hele Was lost. 1522Skelton Why nat to Court 768 To cause the commune weale Longe to endure in heale. a1605Montgomerie Sonn. lviii. 14 Revenge, revert, revive, revest, reveall, My hurt, my hairt, my hope, my hap, my heall.
b. good heal, welfare, fortune; whence ME. (to) godere hele, to good fortune, to welfare; fortunately.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 57 Godere hele þu hit scalt iseon. c1205Lay. 3597 Ȝef þu heo þus dalest, to godere þire hæle. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 368 Þat goder hele al Engelond was heo euere ybore.
c. evil heal: disaster, harm. (to) evil hele, wrother heal, unfortunately, disastrously. Cf. hail n.2 2, hale n.1 b.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 33 Hwet seið þe dusie? to ufele hele wes ic iboren. c1205Lay. 490 To wroþer heore hele habbeð heo such werc idon. a1330Otuel 211 Sarazin, nere thou messager Wrother hele come thou her. c1340Cursor M. 6583 (Trin.) Ful euelhele brake ȝe þe day.
3. Spiritual health, well-being, or healing; salvation. Cf. soul-heal.
901–9Charter of Eadweard in Kemble Cod. Dipl. V. 163 Ic ðær mynster on ᵹestaðolode for mine saule hælo. c1000Ags. Gosp. Luke xix. 9 To-dæᵹ þisse hiw-ræddene ys hæl ᵹeworden. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 41 He..bihat us to mede eche hele. a1225Ancr. R. 430 To alle uolkes heale. a1300Cursor M. 11341 Do me to rest nu seruand þin, for nu min ei has sen þin hel. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) x. 39 Godd..has wroȝt hele in myddes of þe erthe. 1578Ps. lxvii. in Scot. Poems 16th C. II. 128 Thy sauing heill and righteousnes.
▪ II. heal, v.1|hiːl|
Forms: 1 hǽlan, 2–3 hælen, 2–6 hele(n, 3 (helien), healen, 4 haile, 4–5 heel(e, (Sc. heile, heyle, hel), (5 ȝele), 6–7 heale, (Sc. heil(l), 7– heal.
[A Com. Teut. vb.: OE. hǽlan = OFris. hêla, OS. hêlian (MDu. hêlen, heilen, Du. heelen, LG. helen), OHG. heilan (Ger. heilen), ON. heil (Sw. hela, Da. hele), Goth. hailjan, deriv. of hail-s, OTeut. *hailo-z, OS. hál, hale, whole.]
1. trans. To make whole or sound in bodily condition; to free from disease or ailment, restore to health or soundness; to cure (of a disease or wound).
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. x. 8 Hælað untrume. c1175Lamb. Hom. 91 Heo weren iheled from alle untrumnesse. a1300Cursor M. 13261 He..heild mani þat war seke. c1325Metr. Hom. 130 The prophet Helesius Of leper heled an hethen man. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Petrus 117 He heilys sek men And quyknyse dede. 1382Wyclif Luke iv. 23 Leeche, heele thi silf. c1400Mandeville (1839) vi. 69 The drye tree..heleþ him of the fallynge euyll. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 1066 How aungel Raphael helyd his kne. 1607Shakes. Timon ii. i. 24, I..must not breake my backe, to heale his finger. 1842Tennyson Morte d'Arthur 264 Where I will heal me of my grievous wound. 1846Trench Mirac. Introd. (1862) 20 Christ, healing a sick man with his word.
b. absol. To perform or effect a cure.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xii. 10 Ys hyt alyfed to hælenne [c 1160 Hatton G. to hælen] on reste-daᵹum? c1000Sax. Leechd. I. 342 Wið eaᵹena dymnysse ᵹenim foxes geallan..hyt hæleþ. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Symon & Judas 32 Of fewire and parlesy, Vith word þu heilis. c1400Mandeville (1839) xi. 124 Þe Oyle..heleþ of many sykenesses. c1450tr. De Imitatione iii. lv. 132 Þe heuenly leche of soules, þat smytist & helist. 1611Bible Deut. xxxii. 39, I wound, and I heale. 1732Pope Ep. Bathurst 234 As Poison heals, in just proportion us'd. 1827Keble Chr. Y. Visit. Sick iii, As if one prayer could heal.
c. spec. To touch for the ‘king's evil’.
1503–4in Pegge Curialia Misc. (1816) 127 For heling 3 seke folks 20. 0..for heling 2 seke folks 13. 4. 1661Pepys Diary 13 Apr., I went to the Banquet-house, and there saw the King heale.
2. To cure (a disease); to restore to soundness (a wound); also to heal up, over. Also absol.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. x. 1 Ðæt hiᵹ..hældun [c 1160 Hatton G. helden] adle, and ælce untrumnysse. c1205Lay. 23072 For heo sculde mid haleweie helen [c 1275 heale] his wunden. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vi. xxi. (1495) 209 To kepe helthe and to heele sykenesse. c1450Golagros & Gaw. 882 Thai hynt of his harnese, to helyn his wound. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. v. 42 O foolish physick..That heales up one, and makes another wound! 1676Wiseman Surg. (J.), A fontanel had been made in the same leg, which he was forced to heal up. 1781Cowper Expostulation 153 They saw distemper healed, and life restored. 1863G. J. Whyte-Melville Gladiators ix. (1864) 62 Mere scratches, skin deep, and healed over now.
3. fig. To restore (a person, etc.) from some evil condition or affection (as sin, grief, disrepair, unwholesomeness, danger, destruction); to save, purify, cleanse, repair, mend.
c825Vesp. Psalter cxlvii. 3 Se haeleð ᵹeðreste on heortan. c1000Ags. Ps. (Spl.) xliii. 4 [xliv. 3] (Bosw.) Earm heora ne hælþ hiᵹ. c1175Lamb. Hom. 95 He ne com na to demane moncun..ac to helenne. c1205Lay. 15871 Ȝif ich þi wærc [a ruined wall] hæle. 1382Wyclif 2 Chron. vii. 14, I schal..ben mercyable to the synnes of hem, and helyn their lond. 1535Coverdale 2 Kings ii. 22 So the water was healed. 1650Jer. Taylor Holy Living (1834) 190 Let it alone, and the thing will heal itself. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. xii, Our ship was..healed of all her leaks. 1847Tennyson Princ. iii. 49 Heal me with your pardon.
b. To cure, repair, amend (any evil condition compared to a disease or wound).
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 173 Elch sinne..bute hit be here forgieue oðer mid bote iheled. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 1724 Þe gastly woundes of syn Thurgh penaunce may be heled. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) G b, Sacramentes of the chirche: the whiche cureth, releueth & heleth all defautes. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iii. v. 117 Faster then his tongue Did make offence, his eye did heale it vp. 1720Ozell Vertot's Rom. Rep. II. xiv. 348 Octavia, Antony's Wife and Cæsar's Sister..at various Times, heal'd up their Breaches. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 135 Something might have been done to heal the lacerated feelings..of the Irish gentry. 1887Trevelyan in Times 7 Mar. 10/6 The breach in our ranks might be healed tomorrow.
4. intr. (for refl.) To become whole or sound; to recover from sickness or a wound; to get well. (Said of the person, of the part affected, or of a wound or sore.)
a1375Joseph Arim. 681 Þe arm helede a-ȝeyn hol to þe stompe. a1400–50Alexander 2817, I sall hele all in hast. 1530Palsgr. 595/1 Whan thy wounde begynneth to heale, it wyll ytche. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. iii. iii. 229 Those wounds heale ill, that men doe giue themselues. 1803Med. Jrnl. IX. 432 He suffered the issues to heal. 1888Gardening 11 Feb. 685/1 The incisions in the crowns soon heal over.
▪ III. heal, v.2
to cover: see hele v.2
▪ IV. heal(e
dial. forms of hale a. |