| 释义 |
hearken, harken, v.|ˈhɑːk(ə)n|
Forms: 1 hercnian, heorcnian, 2–3 hercnen, (Orm. herrcnenn), 3 hærcnien, 3–4 heorknien, herknen, herkin, 3–6 herken, 4 herkon, 4–5 herkyn, 5 harkyn, 6 harcken; 4– harken, 6– hearken.
[OE. hercnian, heorcnian, hyrcnian, formed with suffix -n- from *heorci-an, the OE. type of hark v.
The spelling harken, which agrees with that of hark, and is at once more regular and of earlier standing, is the accepted one in modern American Dictionaries, and is preferred by some good English writers; but in current English use it is much less frequent than hearken. The preference for the latter spelling is probably due to association with hear, supported by the analogy of heart and hearth.]
1. intr. To apply the ears to hear; to listen, give ear. Const. to († of), in OE. and ME. with dative.
a1000Life St. Guthlac (1848) 42 Guðlac..eode þa sona ut and hawode and hercnode. c1000ælfric Hom. I. 422 Ypolitus..heora wordum heorcnode. c1175Lamb. Hom. 59 Hercnið alle to þis writ. c1205Lay. 19668 Heo..hærcneden ȝeorne of þas kinges hærme. a1300Cursor M. 966 He said, ‘adam, now wel sais þou I sal þe tell, and herken [Gött. harkin] now’. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1708 Þe fox..Hauilounez, & herkenez, bi heggez ful ofte. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 668 His felawe That was so neih to herken of his sawe. 1489Caxton Faytes of A. ii. xxxvii. 155 They ought often to herken yf they can here eny noyse or smytynge of hamers. 1530Palsgr. 579/1 Harken here at this hole. 1550Crowley Inform. & Petit. 255 Herken you possessioners. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 868 She hearkens for his hounds and for his horn. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 564 But aged Nereus harkens to his Lore. 1718Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Lady Rich 10 Oct., It is full employment enough to hearken, whether one answers or not. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) IV. 50 Whenever it is whistled to, it stops to hearken. 1832Tennyson Œnone 23 Dear mother Ida, harken ere I die.
†2. intr. To listen privily; to play the eavesdropper; to eavesdrop. Obs.
1382Wyclif Ecclus. xxi. 27 [24] The folie of a man to herknen thurȝ the dores. 1535Coverdale ibid., A foolish man standeth herkenynge at the dore. 1588Nottingham Rec. IV. 219 By harckeninge of our howses with drawen weapens.
3. intr. To apply the mind to what is said; to attend, have regard; to listen with sympathy or docility. Const. to.
c1230Hali Meid. 39 Hercne his read. 1535Coverdale Exod. vi. 9 But they herkened not vnto him, for very anguysh of sprete, and for sore laboure. 1549Latimer Ploughers (Arb.) 25 No man wyll herken to it. 1651Hobbes Leviath. iii. xxxvi. 224 Josiah not hearkning to them, was slain. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 1134 Would thou hadst heark'nd to my words, and stai'd. 1777Robertson Hist. Amer. (1778) II. vi. 205 Instead of hearkening to some of his officers. 1870Bryant Iliad I. i. 12 To him Who hearkens to the gods, the gods give ear. 1896A. Austin Eng. Darl. ii. iv, They would not harken.
†b. with on. Obs.
1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cclxxiii. 414 The people..had great desyre to harken on the promysses that the duke of Amiens made vnto them. 1580Sidney Arcadia (1627) 434 Harkening on euery rumour.
4. trans. To hear with attention, give ear to (a thing); to listen to; to have regard to, heed; to understand, learn by hearing; to hear, perceive by the ear. Now only poet.
c1000ælfric Hom. II. 440 Heo ᵹesæt æt Godes fotum, his word heorcniende. c1200Ormin 11723 Forr ȝuw birrþ herrcnenn Godess word. a1225Ancr. R. 82 Nout one þeo þet hit spekeð, auh þeo þet hit hercneð. c1374Chaucer Boeth. iii. pr. i. 50 (Camb. MS.) For thow seyst þat thow art so desirous to herkne hem. a1400–50Alexander 2304 In-to þe temple he turned tythandis to herken. 1529More Comf. agst. Trib. iii. Wks. 1232/2 When they heare it, harken it but as they woulde an idle tale. 1610Shakes. Temp. i. ii. 122 This King of Naples being an Enemy To me inueterate, hearkens my Brothers suit. 1832Tennyson New-Year's Eve 39 Tho' I cannot speak a word, I shall harken what you say.
b. With personal obj. (orig. dative as in 1; but this afterwards levelled with the accusative or objective). Obs. exc. dial.
1297R. Glouc. (1724) 308 Kyng Edmond..lende vp hys sseld, & herkned hym ynou. c1400Destr. Troy 9238 Sho herknet hym full hyndly. Ibid. 9264 Long he stode..Doun hengond his hed, herkonyng the qwene. c1500Melusine lvi. 334 Raymondyn herkned hym gladly. 1583Stanyhurst æneis iii. (Arb.) 76 Who would Cassandra then harcken? 1890Mod., Yorksh. Clergyman. What do you come to church for? Boy. To harken yo.
†5. intr. hearken to: Listen, give ear. [As if from a compound vb. to-hearken; cf. Ger. zuhorchen, imper. horch zu! Cf. go to, from vb. to-go.] Obs.
1526Tindale Mark iv. 3 He..sayde vnto them in his doctrine: Herken to. Beholde, The sower went forth to sowe. ― Acts vii. 2 Brethren, and fathers, harken to. 1535Coverdale 2 Chron. xviii. 27 Herken to, all ye people.
†6. intr. To seek to hear tidings; to make inquiries, to inquire after, ask for. Obs.
1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccciii. 450 There abode styll the Englysshmen to harken after other newes. 1575Laneham Let. (1871) 36 A this day allso waz thear such earnest tallk and appointment of remoouing, that I gaue ouer my noting, and harkened after my hors. 1599Shakes. Much Ado v. i. 216 Clau. Harken after their offence my Lord. Prince. Officers, what offence haue these men done? a1670Hacket Abp. Williams i. (1692) 19, I hearkened no more after it: for I reckon'd it was done. 1783Johnson Let. to Miss S.A. Thrale 18 Nov., I hearken every day after a letter from her. 1830De Quincey Bentley Wks. VII. 41 To abstain from hearkening after libels upon himself.
†7. intr. To lie in wait; to wait. Obs.
[Cf. 1523 in 6.]1580R. Hitchcock Politic Plat in Arb. Garner II. 159 People who daily do harken when the world should amend with them. 1584Stafford in Motley Netherl. (1868) I. iii. 70 The king hearkeneth to see the end, and then to believe as he seeth cause. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. i. ii. 260 The yongest daughter whom you hearken for, Her father keepes from all accesse of sutors. 1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. i. xv. (1810) 167 Whether it were..the hearkening after a Ship, to arrive in those parts..that occasioned his delatory excuses.
†8. trans. To get to hear of; to search out or find by inquiry. Obs.
1590Sir T. Cockaine Hunting B iij, Your Hounds..harken them foorth of such a kinde as bee durable. 1606Wily Beguiled in Hazl. Dodsley IX. 226 If I can hearken out some wealthy marriage for her. 1607Dekker Knt.'s Conjur. (1842) 57 It is some ease to Syr Timothy..to harken out the worst that others haue endured. 1609B. Jonson Sil. Wom. i. ii, He has imploied a fellow..to harken him out a dumbe woman. 1637R. Humfrey tr. St. Ambrose i. 118 Hunting and hearkening out places of mart where hee may best vent them.
†9. intr. To have regard or relation. Obs. rare.
1734Pope Ess. Man iv. 40 There's not a blessing Individuals find, But some way leans and hearkens to the kind.
10. To talk in one's ear, to whisper. Obs. exc. Sc.
1612Drayton Poly-olb. xii. 200 This harkneth with his friend, as though with him to breake Of some intended act. Mod. Sc. What are ye herk'ning thegither aboot? He herk'nt to me to gang and fetch them. |