| 释义 |
red shirt, redshirt
1. a. A supporter of Garibaldi, esp. one of the thousand who sailed with him in 1860 to conquer Sicily.
1864Young & Stevens Garibaldi: Life & Times lxxv. 200 Naples had gone mad with joy: men, women, ragamuffins, priests, Redshirts, ex-Bourbon sbirri, lazzaroni,..—all lent their voices to..the general cry of ‘Viva Garibaldi!’ Ibid. lxxvi. 202 Some of them mended their lives when Garibaldi came, and fought well in the ranks of the Redshirts before Capua. [1868Marriott Vest. Chr. p. xviii, The red shirt of Garibaldi's troops.] 1948F. Frenaye tr. Levi's Christ stopped at Eboli xvii. 168 When King Franceschiello had to leave Naples.., Garibaldi and his Red Shirts set out to attack him. 1979Guardian 12 June 9/4 It took a march on Rome..—echoes of Garibaldi's thousand Red Shirts—to get water and elementary sewerage installed.
b. In more general use, a revolutionary, an anarchist, a communist.
1889Gunter That Frenchman! xi, The red-shirts of Messieurs Rochefort and Fleurens are uttering their cries of rage at law and order. 1905Daily Chron. 12 Sept. 3/2 Because I made a stand in my native town for municipal ownership of public utilities, I was branded a ‘red-shirt’, a ‘dynamiter’, and an ‘Anarchist’. 1911H. S. Harrison Queed xviii. 234 Queed wrote a stinging little article..holding up to public scorn journalistic red⁓shirts who curry-combed the masses. 1934T. S. Eliot Rock i. 42 Enter redshirts in military formation. 1940G. Greene Power & Glory i. i. 13 You remember this place—before the Red Shirts came?
c. spec. A member of a Pathan nationalist organization formed in North-West Province in 1921 and lasting until the creation of Pakistan in 1947; also attrib. or as adj.
1930Civil & Milit. Gaz. (Lahore) 1 June 1/5 In Mardan and Charsadda..the activities of the ‘Red Shirts’ have again increased. 1932Ann. Reg. 1931 156 An organisation closely allied with Congress, the ‘Red Shirt’ Army under Abdul Ghaffar Khan, was a source of much anxiety in the North-west Frontier Province. 1948G. Cunningham Diary in N. Mitchell Sir George Cunningham (1968) vii. 152, I could tell he felt he was on rather weak ground in talking about the Red Shirt activities by the twiddling of his bare toes. 1968N. Mitchell Sir George Cunningham v. 87 He records a recruiting meeting at Swabi..on 11th February, and the fact that four notorious ex-Red Shirts had publicly given him purses towards any war fund purpose.
2. U.S. A college athlete whose course is extended by a year during which he does not take part in university events, in order to develop his skills and extend his period of eligibility at this level of competition. Also attrib., as redshirt year.
1955Life 5 Dec. 144/2 Although he is what the pros call ‘redshirt’, a player with one more year of college eligibility, five pro clubs are eyeing him. 1970Time 7 Dec. 78 He worked even harder in his sophomore year as a ‘redshirt’, practicing with the varsity but not playing in any games—so that he would have an additional year of eligibility. 1976Honolulu Star-Bull. 21 Dec. h–2/1 Crowe was coming off a redshirt year last season while Bonup was going through one.
So as v. trans., to keep out of university competition for a year for the above reasons; so ˈred-shirting vbl. n.
1950Birmingham (Ala.) News 27 Sept. 35/1 He coached all the juniors and senior linemen and the boys red shirted. Ibid. 19 Nov. c1/2 There are not enough players to have a ‘B’ squad or red shirt promising sophomores. 1958Tuscaloosa (Ala.) News 8 Jan. 6/8 An anticipated argument over ‘red shirting’—the practice of holding athletes out of competition to prolong their eligibility—failed to develop. 1963San Francisco Chron. 3 Dec. 44 He could have been red⁓shirted but he was an uncertain commodity last year. 1966Time 14 Oct. 49 They [sc. the Big Ten] also are forbidden to ‘red-shirt’ prospects—putting them on a five-year program, keeping them out of action as sophomores in order to beef them up. 1968Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 10 Apr. a10 Edwards supported continuation of red-shirting, a common practice that permits an athlete to use four years to complete three years of varsity eligibility. |