| 释义 |
hæmato-, hemato-|hiːmətəʊ, hɛmətəʊ|
before a vowel hæmat-, hemat-, = Gr. αἱµατο-, combining form of αἷµα, αἱµατ- blood, freely used in Greek, and in many modern scientific terms, chiefly in physiology and medicine. (Several of these have shorter forms in hæmo-, q.v.)
(The spelling hæmato- is more usual in Great Britain; hemato- is favoured in U.S.)
hæmaˈtobic, hæmaˈtobious adjs. [mod.L. hæmatobium, a parasite living in the blood, f. Gr. βίος life], living, as a parasite, in the blood. ˌhæmatocaˈthartic a. [see cathartic], having the quality of purifying the blood. (Mayne Expos. Lex. 1854). ˈhæmatoˌchrome [Gr. χρῶµα colour], a red colouring matter developed in some Protozoa at a certain stage of existence. ˈhæmatoˌcrit [Gr. κριτ-ής judge], a centrifuge used to estimate the volume occupied by the red blood cells in a sample of blood; the value obtained, expressed as a percentage of the volume of the sample; also earlierhæmatokrit. ˌhæmatoˈcryal a. [Gr. κρύος cold, frost], belonging to the Hæmatocrya or cold-blooded Vertebrata. ˌhæmatoˈcyanin = hæmocyanin (Mayne Expos. Lex. 1854). ˈhæmatoˌcyst, ˌhæmatoˈcystis, a cyst containing blood. ˈhæmatoˌcyte [Gr. κύτ-ος cell], a blood-corpuscle; hence ˌhæmatocyˈtometer, an instrument for ascertaining the number of blood-corpuscles, = hæmocytometer (Dunglison Lex.). ˌhæmatodyˈnamics, -dynaˈmometer (see hæmo-). ˌhæmatoˈgastric a. (see hæmo-); (Mayne, 1854). † ˈhæmatoˌgen [a. G. hämatogen (G. Bunge 1885, in Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem. IX. 56)], a yellow powder obtained from egg yolk and supposed to be the precursor of hæmoglobin (Obs.). ‖ ˌhæmatoˈgenesis [see genesis], the formation of blood. ˌhæmatoˈgenic a., relating to hæmatogenesis; also = next. hæmaˈtogenous a., having its origin in the blood. † hæmaˈtognomist [Gr. γνώµη means of knowing] (see quot.). hæmaˈtography [see -graphy], a description of the blood (Mayne, 1854). ˌhæmatoˈlytic a. (see hæmo-). ˌhæmatomyˈelia [Gr. µυελ-ός marrow + -ia1], hæmorrhage into the substance of the spinal cord. ˌhæmatopaˈthology (see quot.). hæmaˈtophagous a. [Gr. -ϕαγος eating], feeding upon, or living in, blood. ‖ ˌhæmatoˈphilia = hæmophilia (Syd. Soc. Lex.). ‖ ˌhæmatoˈphobia = hæmophobia (Dunglison, 1857). ˈhæmatoˌphyte [Gr. ϕυτόν plant], a vegetable parasite inhabiting the blood (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1886). ‖ ˌhæmatopoiˈesis [Gr. ποίησις making], the formation of blood. ˌhæmatopoiˈetic a., pertaining to hæmatopoiesis (Mayne 1854). ˌhæmatoˈporphyrin [a. G. haematoporphyrin (F. Hoppe-Seyler Med.-chem. Untersuch. (1871) IV. liii. 533): see porphyrin], a dark violet porphyrin compound, C34H38O6N4, obtained by the action of concentrated acids on hæm or its derivatives. ˌhæmatoˈsalpinx [salpinx 2] (see quot. 1890). ˈhæmatoˌscope, hæmaˈtoscopy, ˌhæmatoˈspectroscope (see quots.). ˌhæmatoˈstibiite Min. [L. stibium antimony], an antimoniate of manganese and iron, the grains of which in thin sections appear blood-red. ˌhæmatoˈthermal a. [Gr. θερµός warm], warm-blooded = hæmathermal. hæmatoˈthorax (see quot. 1876). ‖ ˌhæmatoˈzoon (pl. -ˈzoa) [Gr. ζῶον animal], an animal parasite inhabiting the blood (Mayne, 1854); hence ˌhæmatoˈzoan = prec.; ˌhæmatoˈzoic a., of or pertaining to a hæmatozoon.
1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 844 When the green-coloured organism passes into a resting phase..its colour changes to red, owing to the formation of *haematochrome dissolved in droplets of fat. 1866*Hæmatocryal [see hæmatothermal]. 1854Mayne Expos. Lex., *Hæmatocystis..a hydatid, or cyst containing blood..a hematocyst. 1890L. C. Wooldridge tr. Bunge's Text-bk. Physiol. & Pathol. Chem. vi. 102 The iron is more firmly fixed in the nuclein of the yolk of egg than in the albuminates of iron... The nuclein which contained iron..is doubtless the precursor of hæmoglobin, for there is no considerable quantity of any other compound of iron in the yolk. I have therefore proposed that this compound should receive the name *hæmatogen (blood-former). 1934J. F. McClendon Man. Biochem. 112 Bunge..supposed that mammals are born with a store of iron. That led him to look for iron in the eggs of birds, and he found an iron compound which he called hematogen. 1876tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 506 Cysts which arise from blood-vessels, especially veins..hæmatocystides. Ibid. 556 *Hæmatogenic icterus. 1881Sci. Amer. 12 Mar. 161/3 For the dyscrasic or haematogenic origin of Bright's disease. 1866A. Flint Princ. Med. (1880) 80 Icterus, as thus induced by changes in the blood itself, is called *haematogenous. 1880J. W. Legg Bile 229 A hæmatogenous jaundice. 1651Biggs New Disp. ⁋234 These *Hæmatognomists or diviners by the Phœnomena's in the bloud. 1894Med. News 29 Sept. 348/2 (heading) A modification of Hedin's *hematokrit. Ibid. 350/2 States of comparative health..seem to be of the least importance of all the data necessary for the present status of the hematokrit. 1946Nature 31 Aug. 304/1 These patients had,..because of the low hæmatocrit, a significantly reduced blood volume. 1958Immunology I. 206 Blood samples were centrifuged in Wintrobe haematocrit tubes. 1966Lancet 24 Dec. 1381/2 Chamberlain and Millard (1963) reduced the hæmatocrit and red-blood-cell volume (R.C.V.) in their patients with polycythæmia by means of oxygen. 1875R. Fowler Med. Vocab. (ed. 2) 222/1 *Hæmatolytic... 1. Accompanied with the escape of blood from distended capillaries. 2. Applied adj. and subs. to medicines, said to, by long continued use, impoverish the blood. 1886Syd. Soc. Lex., Hæmatolytic, having power to diminish the number of red corpuscles in the blood. 1881Brit. Med. Jrnl. 28 May 852/2 A case of *haematomyelia in a man aged 19. 1940H. G. Wells Babes in Darkling Wood iii. iii. 275 He was equal to hæmatomyelia, a sort of temporary stroke just at the back of the head. 1970Archiv. für Toxikol. XXVI. 56 The apparent sudden onset, the lack of progression,..and the relatively advanced age of manifestation all point to hematomyelia as the cause of the lesion, which in turn follows as a consequence of the increased bleeding tendency associated with benzene poisoning. 1881Huxley in Nature No. 615. 347 This modern humoral pathology was essentially blood-pathology (*hæmatopathology). 1854Mayne Expos. Lex., Hæmatophagus, blood-eating; applied to those insects which seek the blood of animals for their sustenance, as the flea..*hematophagous. 1886Syd. Soc. Lex., Hæmatophagous..also applied to an Hæmatozoon. 1854Mayne Expos. Lex., *Hæmatopoiesis..assimilation of the chyle to blood; blood-making. 1876tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 536 Consecutive changes..which disturb hæmatopoiesis, digestion, respiration, etc. 1885Jrnl. Physiol. VI. 27 The filtrate was reddish and shewed a spectrum which is that of acid *haematoporphyrin. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 726/2 By mineral acids the iron may be removed, leaving a purplish pigment, Hæmatoporphyrin, which has no power of taking up or giving off oxygen. 1928J. Pryde Recent Adv. Biochem. (ed. 2) x. 315 It would seem that neither hæmatoporphyrin nor mesoporphyrin is formed in the human body. Ibid., Hæmatoporphyrin has a very powerful light-sensitising action. 1955Sci. News Let. 9 Apr. 240/3 Cancer tissue can be made to glow a bright red under ultraviolet light when a powder called hematoporphyrin is introduced intravenously before surgery. 1955Endeavour XIV. 126/2 Haematoporphyrin..is accordingly described as 1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-2,4-di⁓(α-oxyethyl)-porphin-6,7-dipropionic acid. 1884Lancet 2 Feb. 207/2 *Haematosalpinx... Tumours were discovered to the left and right of the uterus. These..proved to be the tubes, full of tar-like blood and firmly adherent. 1890Billings Nat. Med. Dict. 614/1 Hæmatosalpinx, collection of blood in the Fallopian tube. 1923J. M. M. Kerr et al. Combined Text-bk. Obstetr. & Gynæcol. xli. 612 The fluid..may extend to the uterine cavity, forming a hæmatometra, and in the most extreme cases it may distend the Fallopian tubes, forming hæmatosalpinges. 1972C. J. Dewhurst Integrated Obstetr. & Gynaecol. Postgrad. i. 12/2 Haematosalpinx is most uncommon except in cases of very long-standing [imperforate membrane], or in association with retention of blood in a fragment of upper vagina. 1886Syd. Soc. Lex., *Hæmatoscope, an instrument invented by Hermann to regulate the thickness of the layer of the diluted blood when examined by the spectroscope. 1887Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. Ser. ii. VII. 470 The determination of the quantity of oxyhæmoglobin by instruments called hæmatoscopes or hæmatospectroscopes. 1854Mayne Expos. Lex., Hæmatoscopia, term for an examination of the blood; *hematoscopy. 1887Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. Ser. ii. VII. 470 Hæmatoscopy..a new spectroscopic method of analysing the blood. 1866Owen Anat. Vertebr I. 7 Vertebrates might be primarily divided..into *Hæmatothermal, having the four-chambered heart, spongy lungs, hot blood, and Hæmatocryal, having less perfect breathing organs, less complex heart, with cold blood. 1852J. Miller Pract. Surg. xxv. (ed. 2) 315 Blood accumulating within the pleural cavity, may compress the lung, and constitute a dangerous *hæmato-thorax. 1876tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 212 By hæmatothorax is understood hæmorrhage into the pleural cavities. |