| 释义 |
hepato-
repr. Gr. ἡπατο-, combining form of ἧπαρ liver; as in hepatocele |ˈhɛpətəʊsiːl| [Gr. κήλη tumour], hernia of the liver; ˌhepatoˈcellular a., of or pertaining to hepatic cells; hepato-colic |-ˈkɒlɪk| a. [Gr. κόλον colon1], relating to the liver and the colon (Syd. Soc. Lex.); hepatocystic |-ˈsɪstɪk| a. [see cyst], pertaining to the liver and the gall-bladder, or uniting the two (Mayne Expos. Lex. 1854); hepatoduodenal |-ˈdiːnəl| a., pertaining to the liver and the duodenum; hepatoenteric |ˈhɛpətəʊɛnˈtɛrɪk| a., pertaining jointly to the liver and the intestine; hepatoˈflavin Biochem., a substance first isolated from liver and later found to be the same as riboflavin; hepatogastric |-ˈgæstrɪk| a., pertaining to both the liver and the stomach (Craig 1847); hepatogenic |-ˈdʒɛnɪk|, hepatogenous |hɛpəˈtɒdʒɪnəs| adjs. [see -gen], originating from the liver; hepaˈtography [see -graphy], the description of the liver, its attachments and functions (Dunglison); hepato-lenticular degeneration [tr. F. dégénérescence hépato-lenticulaire (H. C. Hall, 1921)], a progressive disease of the nervous system (see quot. 1955); Wilson's disease; ˈhepatolith [Gr. λίθος stone], a gall-stone (Syd. Soc. Lex.); hence hepatoˈlithic a., of the nature of a gall-stone; hepatolithiasis |-lɪˈθaɪəsɪs|, the formation of stone-like concretions in the liver (Craig 1847); hepaˈtology [see -logy], that part of medical science which treats of the liver (Dunglison 1833–46); hence hepaˈtologist, a student of hepatology; hepatoˈlogical a., of or belonging to hepatology (Mayne); ˌhepatomeˈgalia, -ˈmegaly, abnormal enlargement of the liver; hepatopancreas |ˌhɛpətəʊˈpænkriːəs| Biol., Klaus's name for the glandular organ, called the liver in Invertebrates, in reference to its twofold functions of secretion and digestion; hepaˈtopathy [Gr. πάθος suffering], disease of the liver (Mayne); hepato-ˈportal a. [see portal], of or pertaining to the hepatic portal system, as distinguished from reniportal; hepato-ˈrenal a. [see renal], relating to the liver and kidneys; hepatoˈrrhœa [Gr. ῥοία a flow], a flow or discharge from the liver; hepaˈtoscopy [Gr. -σκοπία inspection], inspection of the liver; divination by inspection of the liver of an animal; hence hepaˈtoscopist, one who practises hepatoscopy; ˌhepatoˌsplenomeˈgalia, -ˈmegaly, abnormal enlargement of the liver and spleen; hepaˈtotomy [Gr. -τοµία cutting], dissection of the liver (Mayne); hepatoˈtoxic a., having a toxic effect on the liver; so ˌhepatotoˈxicity; hepatoˈtoxin, (a) any substance which has a toxic effect on the liver; (b) an antibody produced by injecting liver tissue into an animal; ˌhepato-umˈbilical a. [L. umbilicus navel], connecting the liver and the navel.
1811Hooper Med. Dict., *Hepatocele, an hernia in which a portion of the liver protrudes through the abdominal parietes.
1940E. Rosenthal Dis. Digestive Syst. iii. 212 Jaundice may be i. Mechanical ii. Functional (*hepato⁓cellular) iii. Hæmolytic. 1949Kantor & Kasich Handbk. Digestive Dis. (ed. 2) xvii. 415 The hepato⁓cellular and the obstructive forms of jaundice make up more than 95 per cent of the cases encountered in clinical practice. 1962Lancet 13 Jan. 67/1 Patients with hepato⁓cellular disease are faced with the prospect of hepatic coma and death every time they have a haemorrhage.
1738Amyand in Phil. Trans. XL. 322 *Hepaticystic Ducts. 1766Hunter Ibid. LVI. 309 The hepatocystic ducts..enter the gall-bladder at its anterior end or fundus.
1880J. W. Legg Bile 89 Schiff..tied all the structures in the *hepato-duodenal ligament, save the hepatic artery.
1933K. G. Stern in Nature 18 Nov. 784/1 The isolation in a crystalline state of the lyochrome from horse liver, to be designated as ‘*hepatoflavin’, has been achieved. 1936Jrnl. Nutrition XI. 75 Fractions prepared from liver extract which were rich in vitamin G (B2) and from which the hepatoflavin had been removed..were very active in the cure of black tongue. 1943M. E. Rehfuss Indigestion xxiv. 392 The terms lactoflavin, ovoflavin, hepato⁓flavin, and so on serve to indicate the source of the particular riboflavin under discussion. 1960A. E. Bender Dict. Nutrition 62/1 Hepatoflavin, name given to substance isolated from liver, shown later to be riboflavin.
1876tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 551 *Hepatogenic Icterus in the duodenum. 1886Syd. Soc. Lex., Hepatogenic icterus, jaundice produced by the absorption of bile already formed in the liver.
1875H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 109 That the icterus is not really *hepatogenous, but haemic in origin. 1897Allbutt Syst. Med. II. 400 True hepatogenous jaundice, with bile pigment in the urine and decolouration of the fæces.
1922Lancet 29 Apr. 849/2 This is an account of the disease known as progressive lenticular degeneration, which Dr. Hall christens *hepato-lenticular degeneration. 1925Brain XLVIII. 332 It would be better to adopt Hall's terminology, and refer to the condition as hepato⁓lenticular degeneration... This title fails to indicate the peculiar type of the disease in the liver..but it indicates..that the lenticular disease is a sequel to liver damage. 1945Archives Internal Med. LXXV. 151/1 Wilson in 1912..first clearly defined the condition now most widely known as hepatolenticular degeneration. 1955S. Sherlock Dis. Liver & Biliary Syst. xiii. 339 Hepatolenticular degeneration is a rare disease of young people characterised by portal cirrhosis of the liver, bilateral softening and degeneration of the lenticular nuclei of the basal ganglia of the brain, and greenish-brown pigmented rings in the periphery of the cornea.
1854Mayne Expos. Lex., Hepatolithicus, of or belonging to a *hepatolith, *hepatolithic.
1888Sci. Amer. LVIII. 98 Dr. Harley, the English *hepatologist and nephrologist.
1893Dunglison Dict. Med. Sci. (ed. 21) 524/1 *Hepatomegalia. 1910Collins & Liebmann tr. Dieulafoy's Text-bk. Med. II. viii. i. 1916 He [sc. Glénard] found that hepatomegalia is the most frequent of the organic changes in diabetes.
1904Stedman Dunglison's Dict. Med. Sci. (ed. 23) 527/1 *Hepatomegaly. 1937J. L. Kantor Synopsis Digestive Dis. xxi. 230 Cancer of the liver must be differentiated from other conditions causing hepatomegaly. 1969Hepatomegaly [see hepatotoxicity below].
1884Sedgwick tr. Claus' Zool. I. 59 In the Invertebrata the secretions of many glands, which are generally called ‘liver’, but which would be more appropriately termed *hepatopancreas.
1886Syd. Soc. Lex., *Hepato-renal ligament, a reflection of the peritonæum extending from the transverse fissure of the liver to the kidney.
1947Auden Age of Anxiety (1948) vi. 121 Peace was promised by the public *hepatoscopists.
1727–51Chambers Cycl. s.v. Divination, *Hepatoscopy, or the consideration of the liver. 1928C. Dawson Age of Gods xiii. 307 The practice of Hepatoscopy or divination from the liver of the sacrificial victim, which reached Asia Minor from Mesopotamia, was carried by the Etruscans to Italy. 1957Encycl. Brit. XI. 451/1 The theory underlying hepatoscopy consists of the belief (1) that the liver is the seat of life, or the soul of the animal; and (2) that the liver of the sacrificial animal..took on the same character as the soul of the god to whom it was offered.
1930Chem. Abstr. XXIV. 886 In *hepatosplenomegalia and hepatic cirrhosis, the urobilin increased in the urine and feces. 1939Stedman Med. Dict. (ed. 14) 496/2 Hepatosplenomegaly. 1961Lancet 19 Aug. 434/2 Physical examination revealed considerable hepatosplenomegaly.
1940Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 28 Dec. 2264/2 (heading) Alleged *hepatotoxic action of stilbestrol. 1961Lancet 16 Sept. 623/1 Each of the drugs which has caused jaundice is a derivative of hydrazine, itself a potent hepatotoxic agent in laboratory animals. 1972Nature 4 Feb. 279/1 Both compounds..have been reported to be hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic and neurotoxic.
1952New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 20 Nov. 797 (heading) The *hepatotoxicity of intravenous aureomycin. 1969Nature 19 Apr. 223/2 Increase in size of the liver (hepatomegaly) is not a reliable indication of hepatotoxicity.
1904Stedman Dunglison's Dict. Med. Sci. (ed. 23) 527/1 *Hepatotoxin, a cytotoxin having a specific action on the cells of the liver. 1909J. G. Adami Princ. Path. I. iii. viii. 489 Ciliated epithelium was shown to have its cytotoxin.., as have kidney cells (nephrotoxin), liver cells (hepatotoxin), pancreatic, adrenal, in fact, every form of animal cell that has been tested. 1929Chem. Abstr. XXIII. 5509 Hepatotoxins, prepd. by immunizing rabbits with emulsions of rabbit and rat livers, were injected into rabbits and rats. 1951A. Grollman Pharmacol. & Therapeutics xxvii. 607 Because of their lipotropic action, choline and, to a lesser extent, methionine..have been used therapeutically in cirrhosis of the liver,..and as a prophylactic in poisoning by hepatotoxins. 1963G. Klatskin in L. Schiff Dis. Liver (ed. 2) xiv. 453/1 Hepatotoxins, a heterogeneous group of naturally occuring and synthetic chemical agents, produce a variety of lesions in the liver that are classified as forms of toxic hepatitis. |