| 释义 |
hepta- , before a vowel hept-,
combining form of Gr. ἑπτά seven, occurring as the first element of many compounds in Greek, some of which have descended through Latin into the modern langs., while many more have been taken directly from Greek, or formed on Greek analogies. Normally, hepta- is combined with elements of Greek origin, but in some instances (chiefly on account of the inconvenience of L. septem) it is combined with L. or other elements, as heptangular, heptavalent. In Chem. it indicates the presence of seven atoms of an element, as heptacarbon (see below), heptachloride, heptoxide, heptachlorotoluene, etc.
heptaˈcapsular a. Bot. [L. capsula capsule], having seven capsules, cells, or cavities (Bailey 1730–6). heptaˈcarbon a. Chem., containing seven carbon atoms, as in heptacarbon compounds, heptacarbon series: cf. heptane. † heptace |ˈhɛptəsiː| Cryst. [Gr. ἀκή point], a summit of a polyhedron formed by the concurrence of seven faces (Kirkman). ˈheptachlor Chem., a chlorinated hydrocarbon, C10H5Cl7, used as an insecticide. heptachronous |hɛpˈtækrənəs| a. [late L. heptachronus, a. Gr. ἑπτάχρονος, f. χρόνος time], in ancient prosody = heptasemic. heptaˈcolic a. [Gr. ἑπτάκωλ-ος of seven verses or members, f. κῶλον colon], in ancient prosody: of seven cola or members, as ‘a heptacolic period’. hepta-compound, Chem., a compound containing seven atoms of any element or radical; esp. a heptacarbon compound. heptaˈdecane Chem. [Gr. δέκα ten: see -ane], any of the hydrocarbons of the paraffin series having seventeen carbon atoms, esp. the unbranched isomer. hepta-hexaˈhedral a. Cryst., having seven ranges of six faces each. heptaˈhydrate, Chem., a compound containing seven molecules of water (7H2O). ˌheptahyˈdrated a. Chem., containing seven molecules of water. heptaˈhydric a. Chem., containing seven hydroxyl groups. hepta(i)ˈcosane Chem. [Gr. εἴκοσι twenty: see -ane], any of the hydrocarbons of the paraffin series having twenty-seven carbon atoms, esp. the unbranched isomer, which is present in tobacco oil and many natural waxes. ‖ hepˈtameron [Gr. ἑπταήµερ-ος, neut. -ον, of seven days, f. ἡµέρα day], a seven days' work; title of a collection of stories, represented (after the pattern of the Decameron of Boccaccio) to have been told on seven successive days, made by Queen Margaret of Navarre, a 1549. hepˈtameter Pros. [late L. heptametrum, a. Gr. ἑπτάµετρον, f. µέτρον measure], a verse consisting of seven feet or measures; cf. heptapody. heptaˈmetrical a., consisting of seven feet or measures. hepˈtangular a., having seven angles. heptaˈpetalous a. Bot., having seven petals. † hepˈtaphony [f. Gr. ἑπτάϕων-ος seven-voiced, having a sevenfold echo], the union of seven sounds (Blount Glossogr. 1656). heptaˈphyllous a. Bot. [Gr. ἑπτάϕυλλ-ος seven-leaved], having seven leaves or calyx sepals (Webster 1828). heptapodic |-ˈpɒdɪk| a. Pros. [Gr. -ποδος -footed], consisting of or containing seven metrical feet; so hepˈtapody, a measure or verse consisting of seven feet. heptasemic |-ˈsiːmɪk| a. [late L. heptasēm-os, a. Gr. ἑπτάσηµ-ος of seven times], in ancient prosody: containing seven units of time or moræ. heptasepalous |-ˈsɛpələs| a. Bot., having seven sepals. heptaˈspermous a. Bot. [Gr. σπέρµα seed], bearing seven seeds. heptastich |ˈhɛptəstɪk| Pros. [Gr. στίχος line], n., a group of seven lines of verse; a., seven lines long. heptastichous |-ˈæstɪkəs| a. Bot., having seven leaves in the spiral row. heptastrophic |-ˈstrɒfɪk| a. Pros. [Gr. στροϕή turning, strophe], consisting of seven strophes or stanzas. ˈheptastyle Archit. [Gr. στῦλος pillar], (a building or portico) having seven columns in front. † heptaˈtechnist [Gr. τέχνη art], a professor of the Seven Arts (cf. art 7), a Master of Arts. heptaˈtomic a. Chem. [atomic], containing or equivalent to seven atoms. heptatonic |-ˈtɒnɪk| a. Mus. [Gr. ἑπτάτον-ος seven-toned], consisting of seven notes. heptavalent |-ˈævələnt| a. Chem. [L. valēnt-em having power or value], combining with or capable of replacing seven atoms of hydrogen or other univalent element or radical. ˈheptose [a. G. heptose (E. Fischer 1890, in Ber. d. Deut. Chem. Ges. XXIII. 934): see -ose2], any of a group of monosaccharides, C7H14O7, present in some plants and as constituents of some bacterial polysaccharides.
1866Odling Anim. Chem. 109 *Heptacarbon compounds such as the benzoic residue of hippuric acid.
1949Jrnl. Econ. Ent. XLII. 328/1 *Heptachlor, a close relative of chlordan, gave results superior to chlordan. 1961New Scientist 6 July 9/2 British manufacturers of agricultural chemicals have agreed with the Government to restrict the use of three pesticides..aldrin, dieldrin and heptachlor. 1963R. Carson Silent Spring x. 140 Heptachlor, after a short period in the tissues of animals or plants or in the soil, assumes a considerably more toxic form known as heptachlor epoxide... The Food and Drug Administration took action which had the effect of banning any residues of heptachlor or its epoxide in food. 1968M. Pyke Food & Society viii. 119 [They] found not only DDT and its breakdown products, but BHC, heptachlor and dieldrin as well in the tissues of penguins.
1880W.A. Miller's Elem. Chem. iii. (ed. 5) 317 A small quantity of..*heptachlorotoluene.
1866Odling Anim. Chem. 66 *Heptacompounds, including oil of bitter almonds, and the benzoic, salicic, and gallic acids.
1882Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XLII. 1272 *Heptadecane (from margaric acid, or from the ketone C17H34O, obtained from barium palmitate) crystallizes in large hexagonal plates.
1805–17R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 204 A crystal is *hepta-hexahedral, when its surface consists of seven ranges of planes, disposed six and six above each other.
1874Guthrie in Proc. Phys. Soc. Lond. I. 67 On cooling such a solution..the *heptahydrate crystallizes out.
1895G. Lunge Sulphuric Acid (ed. 2) II. 22 The anhydrous salt..if protected from the air is changed into *heptahydrated..salt.
1892E. F. Smith tr. V. von Richter's Chem. Carbon Compounds (ed. 2) 49 The *heptahydric aldehydes, C7H14O7, resemble the sugars in their behavior. 1968J. A. Monick Alcohols v. 442 Perseitol..is a heptahydric alcohol with a 7-carbon atom straight-chain that contains seven hydroxyl groups.
1889Muir & Morley Watts' Dict. Chem. II. 675/1 *n-Heptaicosane C27H56. 1901Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXIX. i. 986 The results of the analysis..indicate that the second hydrocarbon is in all probability heptacosane, C27H56. 1961L. F. & M. Fieser Adv. Org. Chem. iv. 110 Beeswax contains heptacosane (C27H56) and hentriacontane (C31H64).
1727–41Chambers Cycl., *Heptameron..is chiefly used as a title..The Heptameron of Margaret de Valois..is a very ingenious piece, in the manner of Boccace's Decameron. 1894H. H. Gibbs (title) Colloquy on Currency: a Heptameron.
1814Southey in Q. Rev. XII. 84 It revived the old long verse, which he calls the *heptametrical seven⁓footed line.
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), *Heptangular Figure is that which consists of seven Angles. 1752Sir J. Hill Hist. Anim. 203 (Jod.) The middle of the body heptangular.
1775J. Jenkinson Brit. Plants Gloss., *Heptaphyllous.
1870Bentley Bot. 216 *Heptasepalous.
1882–3in Schaff Encycl. Relig. Knowl. III. 1945 Of *heptastichs there is only one example [Prov. xxiii. 6–8]. From this heptastich..we see that the proverb of two lines can expand itself to the dimensions of seven and eight lines. 1891Driver Introd. Lit. O. Test. (1892) 375 Several pentastichs and hexastichs, a heptastich and an octastich also occur.
1843Civil Engin. & Archit. Jrnl. VI. 167/1 The temple of the giants, at Agrigentum (*heptastyle). 1909A. Marquand Greek Archit. vi. 313 Another classification of temples notes merely the number of columns exhibited in the façade... The Theseion at Athens was hexastyle; the Temple at Thorikos, heptastyle.
1680T. Lawson (title) A Mite in the Treasury, being a Word to Artists, especially *Heptatechnists, the Professors of the Seven Liberal Arts.
1886Crookes in Rep. Brit. Assoc. 573 Fluorine mon- and *heptatomic.
1890Athenæum 4 Jan. 24/1 A *heptatonic scale [in Java], consisting of semitones, three-quarter tones, and minor thirds. 1893Ibid. 23 Dec. 890/3 A certain series of notes..chosen to form the chromatic, heptatonic, pentatonic, or whatever sequential basis may be required.
1890Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LVIII. i. 598 The author proposes to employ the terms pentose, *heptose, octose, &c., for the sugars..and heptonic acid, octonic acid, &c., for the acids of the series, according to the number of carbon-atoms in the compounds. 1916Heptose [see biose]. 1952J. K. N. Jones in E. M. Rodd Chem. Carbon Compounds Ib. xx. 1264 Heptose sugars may exist in ketose and aldose forms. 1960Adv. Carbohydrate Chem. XV. 288 Whereas, in the Enteric group of bacteria, there is as yet no evidence for the presence of heptoses other than L-glycero-D-manno-heptose, this is not true of other Gram-negative groups.
1869Roscoe Elem. Chem. 235 This substance is Manganese *Heptoxide.
Add: ˈheptamer Chem. and Biochem., a compound whose molecule is formed from seven monomers; also, a molecule of such a compound.
1946Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LXVIII. 359/1 The *heptamer, octamer and nonamer..were isolated by fractionating high-boiling still-pot residues. 1974Nature 27 Sept. 288/2 Gall and Atherton have found that more than 93{pcnt} of this satellite is of one heptamer. 1987Jrnl. Immunol. CXXXVIII. 3055 (heading) Immunoglobulin variable region heptamer–nonamer recognition sequence joined to rearranged D–J segment.
hence heptaˈmeric a.
1983Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. LXXX. 2524 (heading) Promoters regulated by the glnG (ntrC) and nifA gene products share a *heptameric consensus sequence in the -15 region. 1989Nature 9 Feb. 573/1 The heptameric sequence element with the consensus 5′-CTCATGA-3′..is also required. |