| 释义 |
heresy|ˈhɛrɪsɪ|
Forms: 3–5 eresie, 3–8 heresie, 4–5 eresye, 4–6 (h)erysy(e, herisie, heresye, (5 erreisye, 6 (h)eryse, er(r)ysse, -ee, -ye, hearesye, Sc. arrosie), 6–7 hæresie, 4– heresy.
[a. OF. eresie, heresie (12th c.), mod.F. hérésie, ad. L. type *heresia (whence also It. eresia, Pg. heresia), for L. hæresis school of thought, philosophical sect, in eccl. writers, theological heresy, a. Gr. αἵρεσις taking, choosing, choice, course taken, course of action or thought, ‘school’ of thought, philosophic principle or set of principles, philosophical or religious sect; f. αἱρεῖν to take, middle voice αἱρῖσθαι to take for oneself, choose.
The Gr. word occurs several times in N.T., viz. Acts. v. 17, xv. 5, xxiv. 5, xxvi. 5, xxviii. 22, where Eng. versions from Tindale render ‘sect’ (i.e. of the Sadducees, Pharisees, Nazarenes or Christians, considered as sects of the Jews); Acts xxiv. 14, where all versions from Wyclif to 1611 have ‘heresy’, R.V. ‘a sect (or heresy)’; in 1 Cor. xi. 19 Wyclif, Genev., Rhem., and 1611 have ‘heresies’, Tind. and Cranm. ‘sectes’, R.V. ‘heresies (or factions)’; in Gal. v. 20, Wycl., Tind., Cranm., Rhem. have ‘sectes’, Genev. and 1611 ‘heresies’, R.V. ‘heresies (or parties)’; in 2 Peter ii. 1 Wyclif, Tind., Cranm., Rhem. have ‘sectes’, Genev. and 1611 ‘heresies’, R.V. ‘heresies (or sects)’. The earlier sense-development from ‘religious sect, party, or faction’ to ‘doctrine at variance with the catholic faith’, lies outside English.]
1. a. Theological or religious opinion or doctrine maintained in opposition, or held to be contrary, to the ‘catholic’ or orthodox doctrine of the Christian Church, or, by extension, to that of any church, creed, or religious system, considered as orthodox.
a1225Ancr. R. 82 Eresie, God beo iðoncked, ne rixleð nout in Engelond. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 279/36 Swuch manere fals bi-leue: Men cleopenden heresie. c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 35 Aȝens þis eresie shulde trewe preestis crye fast. 1388― Acts xxiv. 14 Aftir the secte which thei seien eresie, so y serue to God the fadir. 1494Fabyan Chron. iv. lxix. 48 He fyll into the heresy called Aryannys heresy. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 300 Fuill arrosie..That he leirit fra kirkmen of the Britis. 1583Winȝet Four Scoir Thre Quest. Wks. 1888 I. 71 All hæresie that euir hes bene in the Kirk. 1596Drayton Leg. iv. 909 What late was Truth, now turn'd to Heresie. 1689tr. Locke's 1st Let. on Toleration 61 Use, which is the Supream Law in the matter of Language, has determined that Heresie relates to Errors in Faith, and Schism to those in Worship or Discipline. a1694Tillotson Serm. I. xxxiv. (R.), Deluded people! that do not consider that the greatest heresie in the world is a wicked life. 1855Milman Lat. Chr. iii. v. (1864) II. 2 Heresy, or dissent from the dominant religion..had been introduced into the criminal jurisdiction. 1862Stanley Jew. Ch. (1877) I. ix. 186 There are always theologians keen-sighted to see heresy in the simplest orthodoxy. 1885Catholic Dict. s.v., Such Protestants as are in good faith and sincerely desirous of knowing the truth are not heretics in the formal sense..Their heresy is material only—i.e. their tenets are in themselves heretical, but they are not formal heretics: i.e. they do not incur the guilt of heresy.
b. with a and pl. An instance of this; a heretical opinion or doctrine. (For N.T. use, see note to etymology.)
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 9671 Þan ys a wykkede erysye. c1340Hampole Prose Tr. (1866) 17 Errours and herysyes. 1479Eng. Gilds (1870) 417 Heresies and errours, clepid openly lolladries. 1556Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 20 Pecocke that was byshoppe of Chechester..was apeched of dyvers poynttes of eryses. 1557N.T. (Genev.) 2 Pet. ii. 1 There shalbe false teachers among you: which pryuely shal brynge in damnable heresies [Wycl. sectes of perdicioun, Tind., Cranm. damnable sectes, R.V. destructive heresies (or sects of perdition)], euen denying the Lord, that hath boght them. 1611Bible Transl. Pref. 3 The Scripture..is..a Physions-shop..of preseruatiues against poisoned heresies. 1852C. M. Yonge Cameos (1877) IV. xii. 143 Cardinal Farnese declared there were seven heresies in it.
2. By extension, Opinion or doctrine in philosophy, politics, science, art, etc., at variance with those generally accepted as authoritative. Also with a and pl.
c1385Chaucer L.G.W. Prol. 330 (Fairf.) That is an heresye ageyns my lawe. 1559W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 66 Bycause I will not have you to erre with Poëtes..I will take the more diligence to drive this Heresie out of your heade. 1616B. Jonson Devil an Ass ii. i, Against the received heresy That England bears no dukes. 1711Swift Examiner No. 40 ⁋5 All the heresies in politics profusely scattered by the partizans of the late adminstration. 1843Miss Mitford in L'Estrange Life (1870) III. x. 176, I..prefer Bristol to Bath..which I suppose, is a great heresy. 1877E. R. Conder Bas. Faith v. 209 The doctrines of Evolution..which it is intellectual heresy..to question.
3. In sense of Gr. αἵρεσις (see etym.): Opinion or doctrine characterizing particular individuals or parties; a school of thought; a sect.
1382Wyclif 1 Cor. xi. 19 It bihoueth heresies for to be. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 359 Aristotle gadrede meny disciples into his heresie [in suam hæresim]. 1611Bible 1 Cor. xi. 19 For there must bee also heresies [Tindale, Cranmer, sectes; R.V. margin, factions] among you. 1679Hobbes Behemoth (1840) 174 Heresy is a word which, when it is used without passion, signifies a private opinion. So the different sects of the old philosophers, Academians, Peripatetics, Epicureans, Stoics, &c., were called heresies. 1870W. Graham Lect. Eph. 230 The word heresies was the common name for the different philosophical sects, as the Stoics, the Epicureans [etc.].
4. attrib. and Comb., as heresy-ferret, heresy-hunt, heresy-hunter, heresy-hunting, heresy-monger, heresy mongering; heresy-stained adj.
1765A. Maclaine tr. Mosheim's Eccl. Hist. (1844) I. xiii. 344 This new set of heresy-hunters. 1814W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. LXXIII. 533 Mad. Genlis, and other heresy ferrets, are here censured. 1831Carlyle in Edin. Rev. LIII. Mar. 168 Scenting out Infidelity with the nose of an ancient Heresy-hunter, though for opposite purposes. 1872Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. lxxiii. 15 If the consciences of heresy-mongers were not seared. 1882J. Parker Apost. Life I. 140 One of the earliest instances..of heresy-hunting. 1891Froude Divorce of Cath. 186 More's chancellorship had been distinguished by heresy-prosecutions. 1894Westm. Gaz. 2 Apr. 2/1 The heresy hunt of Mr. Smith..was one of the most protracted and determined of modern times. 1902Westm. Gaz. 7 May 12/1 A proceeding quite in harmony with the usual methods of heresy-hunters. 1906Daily Chron. 16 Oct. 3/3 The heresy-hunter made him his quarry. |