| 释义 |
hetero-|hɛtərəʊ|
before a vowel heter-, combining form of Gr. ἕτερος the other of two, other, different; a formative of many scientific and other terms, often in opposition to homo-, sometimes to auto-, homœo-, iso-, ortho-, syn-. The more important of these, with their derivatives, will be found in their alphabetical places; others, of less importance or frequency, are entered here. ˈheteracanth |-əkænθ| a. Ichth. [Gr. ἄκανθα thorn, spine], having the spines of the dorsal and anal fins alternately broader on one side than the other; opp. to homacanth; heteracmy |-ˈækmɪ| Bot. [Gr. ἀκµή point, culmination, acme], the ripening of the stamens and pistils of a flower at different times, including proterandry and proterogyny; opp. to synacmy; heteradenic |-əˈdɛnɪk| a. Anat. [Gr. ἀδήν gland], of glandular structure, but occurring in a part normally devoid of glands (Ogilvie, 1882); heterandrous |-ˈændrəs| a. Bot. [see -androus], having stamens or anthers of different forms (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1886); † ˈheterarchy, the rule of an alien; ˌheteraroˈmatic a. = heteroaromatic adj.; heteratomic |-əˈtɒmɪk| a., consisting of atoms of different kinds; opp. to homatomic; heterauxesis |-ɔːkˈsiːsɪs| [Gr. αὔξησις growth], (a) Bot., growth at unequal rates, irregular or unsymmetrical growth; (b) hence applied to animals as well as plants, with a more specialized meaning (see quot. 1941); ˌhetero-aˌgglutinaˈbility, the ability to undergo heteroagglutination; ˌhetero-agglutiˈnation, agglutination of cells due to the action of a hetero-agglutinin; so ˌhetero-aˈgglutinating vbl. n.; ˌhetero-aˈgglutinative a., producing heteroagglutination; ˌhetero-aˈgglutinin, an agglutinin that causes agglutination of foreign cells, esp. red blood cells of another group or from an animal of another species; ˌheteroˈalbumose Biochem., an albumose insoluble in water but soluble in solutions of sodium chloride; ˌheteroaroˈmatic a. Chem., heterocyclic and aromatic; also as n.; ˈhetero-atom Chem., an atom in the ring of a cyclic compound other than a carbon atom (also as two words); so ˌhetero-aˈtomic a.; ˌhetero-ˈaxial a. [a. G. heteroaxial (V. Goldschmidt Index d. Krystallformen d. Mineralien (1891) III. 136)], having a structure based on two axes or sets of axes; spec. of a geological feature: having an external symmetry that does not correspond with the symmetry of the individual components of the fabric; ˌheterobiˈography nonce-wd., biography written by another person; opp. to autobiography; so ˌheterobioˈgraphical a.; heteroblastic |-ˈblæstɪk| a. Biol. [Gr. βλαστός germ], (a) arising from cells of a different kind; opp. to homoblastic; (b) Bot., (characterized by) having a marked difference between the immature and adult forms; (c) Petrol., composed of grains of two or more distinct sizes; opp. homœoblastic; ˌheteroˈblastically adv., in a heteroblastic manner; heterobranchiate |-ˈbræŋkɪət| a. Zool. [Gr. βράγχια gills], having gills of diversified forms; applied in various classifications to a division of fishes, crustacea, gastropods, etc.; heteroˈcarpian, -ˈcarpous adjs. Bot. [Gr. καρπός fruit], producing fruit of different kinds; so heteroˈcarpism (see quot.); heterocellular |-ˈsɛljʊlə(r)| a. Biol., composed of cells of different kinds (as most organisms); opp. to isocellular; heterocephalous |-ˈsɛfələs| a. Bot. [Gr. κεϕαλή head], applied to a composite plant bearing flower-heads of different kinds, male and female; ˈheterocharge, the charge on an electret that is polarized in the opposite direction to that of the original polarizing field; hence ˈheterocharged a.; heterochiral |-ˈkaɪərəl| a. [Gr. χείρ hand], of identical form but with lateral inversion, as the right and left hands; opp. to homochiral; hence heteroˈchirally adv.; † heteroˈchresious (erron. -cresious) a. Obs. [Gr. χρῆσις use], relating to different commodities or uses; opp. to homochresious; ˌheterochlaˈmydeous a. Bot. [Gr. χλαµύς, χλαµυδ- cloak], having a perianth in which the calyx and corolla are of a different colour or texture; ˈheterochrome a. = heterochromatic a. (sense 1); ˌheteroˈchromia |-ˈkrəʊmɪə| Med., a difference in colour between two organs (esp. the eyes), or between different parts of the same organ, that are usually the same colour; so ˌheteroˈchromic a.; ˌheteroˈchromosome Cytol., a modified or differentiated chromosome, esp. a sex-chromosome; heterochromous |-ˈkrəʊməs| a. [Gr. χρῶµα colour], of different colours, as the florets of some Compositæ, e.g. the daisy and asters; heterochthonous |-ˈɒkθənəs| a. Path. [after autochthonous a.], originating in or derived from another organism; ˈheteroclin, -cline n. Min. [ad. G. heteroklin (A. Breithaupt 1840, in Ann. Physik und Chem. XLIX. 205), f. Gr. ἑτεροκλινής leaning to one side] = marceline2; heterocline |-klaɪn| a. Bot. [Gr. κλίνη bed: cf. diclinous], having male and female flower-heads or separate receptacles, heterocephalous; ˌheteroˈcœlous a. Zool. [Gr. κοῖλος hollow], applied to vertebrae in which the articular facets are saddle-shaped, as in certain birds; ˈheterocyst |-sɪst| Biol. [Gr. κύστις bladder, cyst], a cell of exceptional structure or form found in certain algæ and fungi; ˌheteroˈcystous |-ˈsɪstəs| a. Biol., containing heterocysts; heterodactyl |-ˈdæktɪl|, -ˈdactylous adjs. Zool. [Gr. δάκτυλος finger or toe], having the toes, or one of them, irregular or abnormal, as certain families of birds (Ogilvie, 1882); heterodermatous |-ˈdɜːmətəs| a. Zool. [Gr. δέρµα skin], having the skin or integument of different structure in different parts, as certain fishes and serpents; opp. to homodermatous; heteroˈdesmic a. Chem. [Gr. δεσµός bond], containing chemical bonds of more than one type; heteroˈdogmatize v. nonce-wd. [see dogmatize], intr. to hold or pronounce an opinion different from that generally held; heteroˈduplex a. Biochem., containing or consisting of polynucleotide strands derived from two different parent molecules; also as n., a heteroduplex molecule; ˌheterodyˈnamic, -ˈdynamous adjs. Ent. [ad. F. hétérodyname (E. Roubaud 1922, in Bull. Biol. de la France et de la Belg. LVI. 471)], (of an insect, its life cycle, etc.) characterized by having a continuous succession of generations only during the favourable part of the year; heterœcious |-ˈriːʃ(ɪ)əs| a. Bot. [Gr. οἰκία house, first formed as G. heteröcisch (A. de Bary 1866, in Monatsber. d. K. Preuss. Akad. d. Wissensch. zu Berlin 1865 32)], applied to fungi which at different stages of development are parasitic on different plants; opp. to autœcious; heterœcism |-ˈriːsɪz(ə)m|, the condition of being heterœcious; hence heterœˈcismal a. = heterœcious; heteroepy |-ˈəʊɪpɪ| nonce-wd. [after orthoepy], pronunciation differing from the standard; so heteroepic |-əʊˈɛpɪk| a., involving heteroepy; heterogangliate |-ˈgæŋglɪət| a. Zool., having the ganglia of the nervous system unsymmetrically arranged, as most molluscs; opp. to homogangliate; heterognathous |-ˈɒgnəθəs| a. Zool. [Gr. γνάθος jaw], ‘having differently-shaped jaws’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); heterogynal |-ˈɒdʒɪnəl|, heterogynous |-ˈɒdʒɪnəs| adjs. Zool. [Gr. γυνή woman, female], applied to species of animals in which the females are of two kinds, perfect or fertile, and imperfect or ‘neuter’, as in bees, ants, etc.; ˌhetero-iˈmmune a., immune to the cells or cell-products of an animal of a different species, or producing such immunity; ˌhetero-inocuˈlation, inoculation from another organism; also ˌhetero-iˈnoculable a.; ˈheterojunction Electronics [junction 2 b], an area of contact between different semiconducting materials; ˌheterokiˈnesis Cytol., the division of a cell into cells having dissimilar hereditary tendencies; opp. homœokinesis; † heteroˈkinesy (also -chinesie) Obs. [ad. Gr. ἑτεροκινησία], motion caused by an external agent; opp. to autokinesy; ˌheteroˈlecithal |-ˈlɛsɪθəl| a. Embryol. [Gr. λέκιθος yolk of an egg], (of an egg cell) having the yolk unevenly distributed in the cytoplasm; heterolobous |-ˈɒləbəs| a. [Gr. λόβος lobe], having unequal lobes; heteromalous |-ˈɒmələs| a. Bot. [Gr. ὁµαλός even, level], applied to mosses which have the leaves or branches turned in different directions: opp. to homomalous; heteromastigate |-ˈmæstɪgət| a. Biol. [Gr. µάστιξ whip], having flagella of different kinds, as an infusorian: opp. to isomastigate; heteromaton |-ˈɒmətən| nonce-wd. [after automaton], a thing that is moved by something else; heteronemeous |-ˈniːmiːəs|, heteronemous |-ˈniːməs| adjs. Bot. [Gr. νῆµα thread, filament] (see quots.); ˌheteroˈnereid a., of, pertaining to, or of the character of a heteronereis; also as n., a heteronereis; ˌheteroˈnereis Zool., a dimorphic sexual form of certain worms of the genus Nereis, so called because originally regarded as a distinct genus; also attrib.; heteropetalous |-ˈpɛtələs| a. Bot., ‘having dissimilar or unequal petals’ (Mayne Expos. Lex.); ˌheteroˈphoria Ophthalm., a latent tendency to squint; hence heteroˈphoric a.; heterophˈthalmic a., characterized by heterophthalmy; heterophthalmy |-ɒfˈθælmɪ| [Gr. ὀϕθαλµός eye], the condition in which the eyes are different in colour or direction; heterophyadic |-faɪˈædɪk| a. Bot. [late Gr. ϕυάς, ϕυαδ- shoot, sucker], producing two kinds of stems, one bearing the fructification, the other the vegetative branches, as in the genus Equisetum; ˌheteropolymeriˈzation Chem. [a. G. heteropolymerisation (T. Wagner-Jauregg 1930, in Ber. d. Deut. Chem. Ges. LXIII. 3213)], a reaction in which a polymer is formed from two or more different molecules, esp. such a reaction when one of the monomers will not polymerize by itself; so ˌheteroˈpolymer, a polymer so formed; ˌheteropolyˈsaccharide Chem., any polysaccharide composed of molecules of two or more different monosaccharides; heteroproral |-ˈprɔərəl| a. Zool. [L. prōra prow], having unequal or dissimilar proræ, as a pterocymba in sponges; opp. to homoproral; ˌheteroˈproteose Biochem., any of a class of proteoses that are insoluble in water but soluble in dilute salt solutions and are formed during gastric digestion; heteropsychoˈlogical a. (see quot.); heteˈroptics nonce-wd. [see optics] (see quot.); heterorhizal |-ˈraɪzəl| a. Bot. [Gr. ῥίζα root], applied to the roots of cryptogamous plants (see quot.); ˌheterosceˈdastic a. Statistics [Gr. σκεδαστ-ός capable of being scattered (σκεδάννυµι I scatter)], of unequal scatter or variation; having different variances; so ˌheteroscedaˈsticity; heterosomatous |-ˈsəʊmətəs| a. Zool. [Gr. σῶµα body], having a body deviating from the normal type; said esp. of flat fishes, which have the two sides of the body asymmetrical; so ˈheterosome |-səʊm|, (a) a flat-fish; (b) Cytol., a sex chromosome; heteroˈsomous a. = heterosomatous; heterosoteric |-səʊˈtɛrɪk| a. [Gr. σωτηρία salvation], relating to salvation by another; heterospeˈcific a., (a) said of blood or serum of different blood groups; heterospecific pregnancy, one in which the red blood cells of the fœtus would be agglutinated by the serum of the mother; (b) derived from an organism of a different species; heteroˈsporic a. = heterosporous adj.; heterosporous |-ˈɒspərəs| a. Bot. [Gr. σπόρος seed], producing two different kinds of spores; opp. to homosporous or isosporous; heteˈrospory Bot., the condition of being heterosporous; heterostaural |-ˈstɔːrəl| a. [Gr. σταυρός cross], having an irregular polygon as the base of the pyramid; said of a heteropolar stauraxonial figure; opp. to homostaural; heterostemonous |-ˈstiːmənəs| a. Bot. [Gr. στήµων warp, thread, taken in sense ‘stamen’], ‘having dissimilar stamens’ (Mayne Expos. Lex.); ˌheterosuˈggestion Psychol., suggestion from another person, contrasted with auto-suggestion; ˌheterosyˈllabic a. Philol., belonging to a different syllable (opp. to tautosyllabic); ˌheteroˈsyllis Zool., a breeding form of worms of the family Syllidæ; ˌheteroˈtelic a., having or being an external end or purpose; ˌheteroˈthallic a. Biol., (of a fungus) having an incompatibility system by which only genetically different strains can undergo nuclear fusion during sexual reproduction; so ˌheteroˈthallism, -ˈthally, the condition of being heterothallic; heterothermal |-ˈθɜːməl| a. Biol. [Gr. θερµός hot], having a temperature which varies with that of the surroundings, as plants and cold-blooded animals; opp. to homœothermal or homothermous (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1886); heteˈrotonous a. [Gr. τονός tone], having different or unlike tones; hence heteˈrotonously adv.; ˈheterotope Physics and Chem. [Gr. τόπος place], each of two or more elements the atoms of which have different atomic numbers and so occupy different positions in the periodic table; heterotrichal |-ˈɒtrɪkəl|, heteˈrotrichous adjs. Biol. [Gr. θρίξ, τριχ- hair], belonging to the order Heterotricha of ciliate infusorians, in which the cilia of the oral region differ in size and arrangement from those of the rest of the body; also said of these cilia; ˈheterotype, heteroˈtypic, heteroˈtypical adjs. Cytol. [ad. G. heterotypisch (W. Flemming 1887, in Arch. f. mikrosk. Anat. XXIX. 400)], designating the first division of meiosis; heteroˈxanthine Biochem. [ad. G. heteroxanthin (G. Salomen 1885, in Ber. d. Deut. Chem. Ges. XVIII. 3407)], 7-methylxanthine, C6H6O2N4, a purine sometimes found in human urine; heterozoœcium |-zəʊˈiːsɪəm| Zool. [Gr. ζῷον animal + οἰκία house] = heterozooid; so heterozoˈœcial a.; heterozonal |-ˈzəʊnəl| a. Cryst., said of faces (or poles) of a crystallographic system which lie in different zones (or zone-circles): opp. to tautozonal; heteroˈzooid |-ˈzəʊɔɪd| Zool., any reduced or modified form of the typical bryozoan zooid, found chiefly in the class Gymnolæmata.
1880Gunther Fishes 41 If the spines are asymmetrical, alternately broader on one side than on the other, the fish is called *heteracanth.
1870Nature II. 482 The phenomena of Protandry and Protogyny forming together that of *Heteracmy.
a1656Bp. Hall Serm. Christ & Cæsar Wks. 1837 V. 281 Next to Anarchy is *Heterarchy.
1960Tetrahedron Lett. xxiii. 8 (heading) New *heteraromatic compounds containing two boron atoms.
1886Vines Physiol. Plants xvi. 376 Spontaneous variations in the relative rate of growth of opposite sides of the organ, or to express it in a single word..spontaneous *heterauxesis. 1940Needham & Lerner in Nature 9 Nov. 618/1 We welcome a suggestion..by Dr. Arthur L. Peck..that for relative growth, in contradistinction to relative proportions, the word heterauxesis should be used... It is true that the terms auxesis, heterauxesis,..etc., were formerly employed in plant physiology, but they have long been obsolete there. 1941Ibid. 23 Aug. 225/1 Heterauxesis, the relation of the growth-rate of a part of a developing organism (whether morphological or chemical) to the growth-rate of the whole or of another part; a comparison between organisms of the same group but of different ages and hence sizes.
1964Biol. Abstr. XLV. 946/1 *Hetero-agglutinability of goat erythrocytes by zebu serum.
1913Jrnl. Exper. Zool. XIV. 564 The iso⁓agglutinating action was noted as undiminished, whereas the *hetero-agglutinating action was entirely lost.
Ibid. 561 (heading) *Hetero-agglutination and the question of specificity: reactions between Nereis and Arbacia. 1949Biol. Abstr. XXIII. 156/2 Lecithin suppresses the auto⁓agglutination as well as heteroagglutination of rabbit erythrocytes by bovine plasma.
1938Belding & Marston Textbk. Med. Bacteriol. lx. 451 The demonstration of the M and N antigens in human cells requires the production of *heteroagglutinative immune sera by the injection of human cells into some experimental animal.
1906Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 4) 332/1 *Hetero-agglutinin. 1913Jrnl. Exper. Zool. XIV. 564 The egg-extract contained two agglutinating substances at least, namely: An iso-agglutinin and a hetero-agglutinin. 1945Biol. Bull. LXXXIX. 193 Lobster-serum contains at least ten hetero⁓agglutinins for sperm or blood cells of various animals. 1956Nature 18 Feb. 329/2 The injections caused no increase in the titre of natural heteroagglutinin against human red cells.
1884Kühne & Chittenden in Amer. Chem. Jrnl. VI. 33 We name..No. II. *Heteroalbumose. Ibid. 103 Nothing characterises heteroalbumose more than its alteration by boiling and the properties of the coagulum thus formed. 1908J. R. Bradford in Allbutt & Rolleston Syst. Med. (ed. 2) IV. i. 561 Albumoses, and especially hetero-albumoses, which are the kind commonly present in the urine, form a precipitate on the addition of nitric acid.
1958A. Albert Trends Heterocyclic Chem. iv. 20 (heading) Addition to double-bonds in N-*heteroaromatic six-membered rings. 1958Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 3076 A wide range of new heteroaromatic systems should exist, derived from normal aromatic compounds by replacing pairs of carbon atoms, one by boron and one by nitrogen. 1959A. Albert Heterocyclic Chem. iii. 31 (heading) A general discussion on heteroaromatics.
1900E. F. Smith tr. von Richter's Org. Chem. (ed. 3) II. 435 The basal element of these rings is carbon, and accordingly the members not produced by C-atoms are designated as *hetero-atoms. 1949G. B. Bachman Org. Chem. xxvii. 336 O-, S-, and NH-containing rings undergo substitution practically exclusively at the carbons holding the hetero atom. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. VI. 427/2 The number of heteroatoms in any one ring is commonly one or two, less commonly three or more. 1967Katritzky & Lagowski Princ. Heterocyclic Chem. v. 144 (heading) Four or five heteroatoms. Tetrazoles are formed by the action of nitrous acid on amidrazones, and pentazoles from the reaction of diazonium cations with azide anions. 1968New Scientist 31 Oct. 268/3 Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen as the heteroatom.
1900E. F. Smith tr. V. von Richter's Org. Chem. (ed. 3) II. 435 *Hetero-atomic rings.
1926Mineral. Abstr. III. 186 A study of the directions of optical extinction in the lamellae, the striations on the faces, and the etch figures on the basal plane, leads to the conclusion that the twinning is of the ‘*heteroaxial’ type. 1938E. B. Knopf in Mem. Geol. Soc. Amer. VI. vi. 84 An example of heteroaxial orienting in two phases of the deformation is the fabric of certain pencil gneisses in which the symmetry of the grain fabric in the pencils does not conform with the fabric axes of the external form of the pencils.
1884J. W. Hales Notes & Ess. Shaks. 7 We see no reason to take the words in any non-natural or *heterobiographical sense.
1825New Monthly Mag. XIV. 78 That superior charm..which autobiography possesses (if we must speak Greek) over *heterobiography. 1888Sat. Rev. 20 Oct. 450/1 Heterobiography..a word required for the process of having your biography written for you by some other person without your permission, and to your own amazement.
1888H. Gadow in Nature 13 Dec. 150/2 This new cartilage is either homoblastic or *heteroblastic. 1894S. H. Vines Stud. Text-bk. Bot. i. i. 14 In certain cases the embryo produced by the spore differs more or less widely from the adult form, and does not directly develope into it, but bears it as a lateral outgrowth; this mode of embryogeny is indirect or heteroblastic. 1932A. Harker Metamorphism xiii. 202 To rocks in which the essential constituents are of two distinct orders of magnitude Becke gave the name ‘heteroblastic’, in contradistinction to ‘homoeoblastic’. 1954R. L. Parker tr. Niggli's Rocks & Min. Deposits vi. 237 Crystalloblastic structures: homeoblastic, heteroblastic, porphyroblastic, with porphyroblasts or possibly crystalloid phenocrysts. 1963Davis & Heywood Princ. Angiosperm Taxon. x. 342 Heteroblastic development results in the formation of adult and juvenile leaves.
1888Nature 13 Dec. 151/1 Tenontogenous or desmogenous [sesamoids], like the patella, are formed *heteroblastically inside of a tendon.
1854Mayne Expos. Lex., *Heterobranchiate.
1881Lubbock in Proc. R. Inst. IX. 625 *Heterocarpism, if I may term it so, or the power of producing two kinds of reproductive bodies.
1880Gray Bot. Text-bk. Gloss., *Heterocarpous, producing more than one kind of fruit.
1842Brande Dict. Sci., etc., *Heterocephalous.
1935A. Gemant in Philos. Mag. XX. 933 We observe both kinds of charges on electrets. One has the opposite sign to that of the adjacent polarizing electrode, and for the sake of shortness will be denoted as *heterocharge. 1965New Scientist 27 May 590/2 Under a certain critical applied field the heterocharge decays to a constant value. 1965Jrnl. Chem. Physics 1 Feb. 967 Both heterocharged and homocharged electrets have been made from common ice at reduced temperatures.
1879Thomson & Tait Nat. Phil. I. i. §97 The similarity of a right-hand and a left-hand is called *heterochiral: that of two right-hands, homochiral. Any object and its image in a plane mirror are *heterochirally similar.
1895S. H. Vines Stud. Text-bk. Bot. iii. 512 When the calyx and corolla clearly differ from each other in colour, texture, etc., the flower is said to be *heterochlamydeous. 1965Bell & Coombe tr. Strasburger's Textbk. Bot. iii. 621 Perianths are of two kinds: (a) Homoiochlamydeous..or (b) heterochlamydeous, i.e. with dissimilar members, namely an outer, generally green calyx and an inner, mostly brightly coloured corolla.
1612Sturtevant Metallica (1854) 69 *Heterocresious, are inuentions which produce different mechanick workes, warres and commodities. So milning and shipping are two Heterocresious inuentions, because the worke of the one is meale or flower, and the worke of the other is carriage or transportage.
1933Nature 6 May 667/1 A solution of the problem of *heterochrome photometry of incandescent lamps.
1889Ophthalmic Rev. July 205 Liability to disease on the part of the lighter eye in *heterochromia. 1964F. C. Blodi in A. Sorsby Mod. Ophthalmol. III. iii. 375 There will be a gradual change in colour of the iris giving one of the varieties of heterochromia.
1911Ophthalmoscope 1 July 501 Heterochromia iridium is found in two forms. In one the heterochromia is merely an anomaly, and in the other it is a symptom of a definite disease... This latter variety is best designated *heterochromic cyclitis. 1940S. Duke-Elder Text-bk. Ophthalmol. III. xxxviii. 3229 Heterochromic cataract..is associated with an exceedingly slow and benign inflammation of the uveal tract.
1904T. H. Montgomery in Biol. Bull. VI. 145 The *Heterochromosomes. I offer this name to include those peculiarly modified chromosomes to which have been given the names ‘accessory chromosomes’.., ‘small chromosomes’..and ‘chromatin nucleoli’. 1926Nature 9 Jan. 50/2 Cytological investigations in the Salicaceæ, undertaken to demonstrate the presence or absence of sex- or heterochromosomes in certain species of Salix. 1968J. A. Serra Mod. Genetics III. xxiii. 552 In haploid organisms or the haploid phase the heterochromosomes are found separately in the mitoses of each sex.
1842Brande Dict. Sci., etc., *Heterochromous. 1850Hooker & Arnott Brit. Flora (ed. 5) 197 When the ray is of a different colour from the disk, they are heterochromous (as in Bellis).
1891Foster Med. Dict. III, *Heterochthonous, originating from without the organism. 1921Beattie & Dickson Textbk. Gen. Path. (ed. 2) ix. 273 Some have defined teratomata as heterochthonous tumours derived from the inclusion of another individual..or the ovum or germ-cell from which such twin would have been developed. 1950G. P. Wright Introd. Path. xx. 374 Chorion carcinomas are not derived from the tissues of the mother, but from the tissues of a different, though at the same time fœtal, individual. For this reason such tumours are sometimes termed ‘heterochthonous’.
1844J. D. Dana Syst. Min. (ed. 2) vi. 443 *Heteroclin..was first instituted by Breithaupt, and named..in allusion to its oblique form of crystallization. 1898E. S. Dana Textbk. Min. (ed. 2) iv. 343 Marceline (heterocline) from St. Marcel, Piedmont, is impure braunite.
1880Gray Bot. Text-bk. Gloss., *Heterocline, nearly same as Heterocephalous, on separate receptacles.
1884E. Coues N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 138 Both ends of each vertebra are saddle-shaped;..a condition which may be called *heterocœlous. 1933H. F. Gadow Evol. Vertebral Column xxxv. 311 The embryonic vertebrae of all Birds are at first amphicoelous, then they change through opisthocoelous into the heterocoelous or saddle-shaped type, which..represents the highest stage of interaxial joint, allowing of most excursion.
1872Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. XII. 367 Its minute size calls to mind Nostoc minimum (Currey), but in it..the *heterocysts are large, whilst here..the heterocysts are but slightly wider, though longer than the ordinary cells. 1875Bennett & Dyer Sachs' Bot. 215 Thus the whole unite into a single curved Nostoc-filament. Individual cells, apparently without any definite law, become heterocysts. 1882Vines Sachs' Bot. 245 It is only in the higher forms that a few larger cells of a different colour—termed Heterocysts—are intercalated among the otherwise similar cells of a filament.
1887Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. 793 (heading) *Heterocystous Nostocaceæ. 1951Proc. Linnean Soc. Lond. CLXII. ii. 195 Heterocystous blue-green algae.
1854Mayne Expos. Lex., Those in which the external toe is versatile: *heterodactylous. 1885Kingsley Stand. Nat. Hist. IV. 369 While in the woodpeckers the first and fourth [toes] are directed backwards, in the trogons the first and second take that position; hence they are said to be heterodactylous.
1939R. C. Evans Introd. Crystal Chem. i. 8 Crystals..in which two or more different types of bond are in operation between different parts of the structure are termed *heterodesmic. 1952B. Mason Princ. Geochem. iv. 67 In heterodesmic structures the physical properties..are in general determined by the weakest bonds.
1651Biggs New Disp. ⁋52 Physitians, who have *heterodogmatiz'd, and deviated from the ancient beaten path of clear reason and experience.
1963A. H. Doerman in W. J. Burdette Methodol. Basic Genet. 34 The heterozygote is imagined to consist of a *heteroduplex molecule in which every genetic site is represented twice. 1966Progress Nucleic Acid Res. V. 319 The exposed polynucleotide chains can be thought to anneal during the act of rejoining to produce a heteroduplex region lying between the two recombinant segments. 1968Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. LX. 243 Each heteroduplex should thus contain a single-stranded loop in the wild-type DNA strand at the point where the deletion occurs. 1968Sci. Jrnl. Nov. 5/1 The mixture [of DNA] now contains some ‘heteroduplex’ molecules consisting of a wild-type and a mutant strand.
1931Trans. Entomol. Soc. London LXXIX. 105 Essentially different is the *heterodynamic type, in which the annual cycle bears a more or less definite relation to the season. 1964Borror & DeLong Introd. Study Insects (rev. ed.) iii. 44 Most insects in temperate regions have what is called a heterodynamic life cycle; that is, the adults appear for a limited time during a particular season, and some life stage passes the winter in a state of dormancy.
1929*Heterodynamous [see homodynamous s.v. homo-].
1882Vines Sach's Bot. 332 In others the various reproductive forms are developed upon different hosts, for example, the æcidium-fruits of æcidium Berberidis occur only on the leaves of Berberis vulgaris, whilst the uredospores and the teleutospores are formed only upon Grasses..Such forms as these are said to be *heterœcious (metœcious), to distinguish them from those..which inhabit the same host throughout their whole life (autœcious).
1875Bennett & Dyer Sachs' Bot. 246 Puccinia graminis..shows..the *heterœcism which occurs also in some other Fungi. 1887Athenæum 6 Aug. 184/3 De Bary discovered and demonstrated the wonderful fact of heterœcism, showing that a fungus on the wheat produces an entirely different fungus on the barberry.
1884Ibid. 29 Mar. 414/1 He demonstrates it to be a true *heterœcismal uredine.
1873M. Collins Sq. Silchester I. i. 21 The proper way to begin is to teach them a *heteroëpic abracadabra.
1838Fraser's Mag. XVII. 742 His vile and barbarous Scotch orthoepy, or rather *heteroepy.
1839–47Todd Cycl. Anat. III. 365/1 The *heterogangliate type of the nervous system..is established in the Mollusks. 1855Owen Invertebr. Anim. (ed. 2) 470 The scattered centres of the nervous system, disposed according to the Heterogangliate type of that dominant system of organs.
1854Mayne Expos. Lex., Heterogynus..*heterogynous. 1886Syd. Soc. Lex., Heterogynous, applied to those insects, such as ants, in which each species comprises males, females, and neuters.
1903Lancet 4 Apr. 944/2 The introduction of the *hetero⁓immune serum. 1967C. W. H. Havard Lect. Med. vi. 147 Individuals respond immunologically to tissues of other species (hetero-immune) or to tissues of another individual of the same species (iso-immune).
1894J. C. DaCosta Man. Mod. Surg. xv. 168 Primary syphilis is not auto-inoculable, but is *hetero-inoculable.
1888E. L. Keyes Surg. Dis. Genito-Urinary Organs ii. ii. 494 Few at the present day can be found who..consider as gonorrhœa a urethral discharge producing syphilitic chancre by *hetero-inoculation.
1960*Heterojunction [see homojunction s.v. homo-]. 1971New Scientist 16 Sept. 628/1 The light produced in the active [region] travels into the n-type region between the two heterojunctions.
1893*Heterokinesis [see homœokinesis s.v. homœo-]. 1896E. B. Wilson Cell ix. 305 In the second case (‘heterokinesis’, qualitative or differential division), the daughter-cells receive different groups of chromatin-elements, and hence become differently modified.
1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. i. i. §38. 47 Body hath no other Action belonging to it but that of Local Motion, which Local Motion as such, is Essentially *Heterokinesie. Ibid. i. v. 668 Plato rightly determined that cogitation, which is self-activity or autochinesie, was, in order of nature, before the local motion of body, which is heterochinesie.
1892*Heterolecithal [see homolecithal s.v. homo-]. 1896E. B. Wilson Cell 336 Heterolecithal..having unequally distributed deutoplasm (includes telolecithal and centrolecithal).
1854Mayne Expos. Lex., Heterolobus, having unequal lobes..*heterolobous.
18..Hare Guesses (1859) 182 Is not man the only automaton upon earth? The things usually called so are in fact *heteromatons.
1854Mayne Expos. Lex., Heteronemeus (Bot.) applied by Fries to nemeous..vegetables in which the sporidia are lengthened by germination into filaments which unite to produce a heterogeneous body, as happens in the fungi and mosses: *heteronemeous. [Ibid., Heteronemus (Bot.), having unequal filaments, as those of the stamens of the Epacris heteronema.]
1886Syd. Soc. Lex., *Heteronemous, applied to those plants the stamens of which are unequal in the length of their filaments.
1896W. B. Benham in Cambr. Nat. Hist. II. x. 277 There are then three different kinds of males and of females in this one species [sc. Nereis], some being found at the bottom of the sea, as the large *Heteronereid form, while the small Heteronereid swims on the surface. 1963R. P. Dales Annelids vi. 124 In heteronereids the parapodia are greatly increased in surface area and musculature.
1875Encycl. Brit. II. 67/1 Another [sexual form] which becomes transformed into a *Heteronereis before the sexual elements are developed. 1880F. M. Balfour Compar. Embryol. I. xii. 284 Claparède traced the passage of large asexual examples of the Nereis form into the large Heteronereis form. 1886*Heterophoria [see exophoria s.v. exo-]. 1957New Scientist 9 May 38/2 Treatment aims at restoring normal functioning of the eyes, especially in what is popularly known as ‘lazy’ eyes and squint, but also in the more common condition of heterophoria—a tendency to squint.
1894Gould Dict. Med., *Heterophoric. 1970Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. LXXXII. 109 The mean duration of lateral AM was not systemically affected by heterophoric change from zero to 28 prism diopters.
1924Jrnl. Genetics XIV. 365 (heading) *Heterophthalmic cats.
1854Mayne Expos. Lex., Heterophthalmia, term for the eyes being of different colour from each other: *heterophthalmy. 1886Syd. Soc. Lex., Heterophthalmy, the condition in which the eyes are of a different colour, or are different in direction.
1931Chem. Abstr. XXV. 2419 Benzalfluorene (IV) and I give in good yield in the fused mixt. at 130°..a white amorphous *heteropolymer. 1948C. E. H. Bawn Chem. High Polymers iii. 85 The individual monomers undergoing copolymerization may not polymerize alone. A copolymer formed with the latter type of monomer is often called a heteropolymer. 1952Jrnl. Polymer Sci. VIII. 260 It is..recommended that the word ‘heteropolymer’ not be used for a copolymer in which one of the units does not polymerize by itself. 1971Nature 23 July 254/2 The requirements of the RNA-DNA reaction indicate that a heteropolymer is formed, for the omission of any one of the triphosphate substrates suppresses synthesis almost completely.
1931Chem. Abstr. XXV. 2418, 2 unlike units of low mol. wt., each contg. a C:C union, can..be combined into a large mol. by polymerizing addn. The name additive *heteropolymerization is suggested for such a process. 1958Van Nostrand's Sci. Encycl. 132/1 Heteropolymerization is an addition polymerization.
1948W. Pigman Chem. Carbohydrates xii. 513 The second class (*heteropolysaccharides), which consists of polysaccharides giving after hydrolysis more than one monosaccharide type. 1970Heteropolysaccharide [see homopolysaccharide s.v. homo-].
1887Sollas in Encycl. Brit. XXII. 418 (Sponges) The prows may be similar (homoproral) or dissimilar (*heteroproral).
1891Jrnl. Physiol. XII. 21 There are at last three normal proteoses formed in gastric digestion. Of these, proto and *heteroproteose are first formed. 1916A. P. Mathews Physiol. Chem. ix. 361 There are three divisions of the group: namely, the primary proteoses, including the proto⁓proteoses and hetero-proteoses, and the secondary, or deutero-proteoses.
1885J. Martineau Types Eth. The. II. i. ii. 65 The chief *heteropsychological theories of ethics..are all founded on an attempted identification of the moral sentiments with some other function of our nature.
1711Spectator No. 250 ⁋7 This Irregularity in Vision..must be put in the Class of *Heteropticks.
1874R. Brown Man. Bot. 135 In ferns and Equisetaceæ the root and stem are strikingly different..the root springs from any part of the spore, and hence to the roots of this great division has been given the name *Heterorhizal.
1905*Heteroscedastic [see homoscedastic s.v. homo-]. 1937Yule & Kendall Introd. Theory Statistics (ed. 11) xi. 214 Arrays in which the standard deviations are equal are sometimes said to be ‘homoscedastic’; in the contrary case ‘heteroscedastic’. 1965M. G. Bulmer Princ. Statistics xii. 215 The variance of Y may not be constant but may depend on x; the regression is then said to be heteroscedastic.
1905K. Pearson in Drapers' Company Res. Mem. (Biometric Ser.) ii. 23, I am thus inclined to speak of χ1–1 and χ2 as measures of *heteroscedasticity and heteroclisy. 1964Johnson & Leone Statistics & Exper. Design II. xvii. 321 Replication at each vertex does provide some information on possible heteroscedasticity of the residual variation.
1854Mayne Expos. Lex. s.v., Those [fishes] in which the right and the left sides of the body are dissimilar: *heterosomatous.
1938A. F. Shull Heredity (ed. 3) x. 92 The spermatozoa of a mammal are of two kinds, half of them containing an X chromosome, half of them a Y (or no *heterosome at all in species in which Y has been lost). 1966D. M. Kramsch tr. Grundmann's Gen. Cytol. ii. 102 Man has 22 autosomes and one heterosome in a haploid set.
1894A. B. Bruce St. Paul's Concept. Christ. 403 The doctrine of Jesus was autosoteric, that of Paul was *hetero-soteric.
1929R. R. Gates Heredity in Man ix. 191 In 12·5 per cent. of *heterospecific pregnancies an agglutinin passed from the mother's blood to that of the child. 1958Stratton & Renton Pract. Blood Grouping i. 14 A mother of group O would have an incompatible or heterospecific pregnancy if the child were group A or group B. 1962Lancet 5 May 965/1 Two of these components could agglutinate red cells in the presence of heterospecific serum by a mechanism previously unknown among viruses. 1969Nature 6 Sept. 1021/2 The possible use of hybrids of tumour cells and heterospecific cells to stimulate an immune response.
1895D. H. Campbell Struct. & Devel. Mosses & Ferns i. 6 In all of the *heterosporic Pteridophytes the reduction of the vegetative part of the gametophyte is very great. 1967M. E. Hale Biol. Lichens iii. 46 The identity of this heterosporic mat.
1875Bennett & Dyer Sach's Bot. 805 In Phanerogams the embryo-sac corresponds to the large, the pollen-grain to the small spore of *heterosporous Vascular Cryptograms. 1881Nature XXIV. 474 Professor Williamson divides coals into Isosporous and Heterosporous coals. Ibid. 607 They further consider that some of his Calamariæ..were heterosporous. 1886Athenæum 10 Apr. 491/2 Mr. Bennett has made use of the term Megasporangia in describing the heterosporous vascular cryptogams.
1898Nat. Science June 375 Its independent appearance in distinct groups may be compared with the appearance of *heterospory. 1959Chambers's Encycl. XI. 613/1 Heterospory..is well developed in the seed plants, where the microspores are the pollen grains.
1901Baldwin Dict. Philos. I. 96/1 Wundt uses the term Fremdsuggestion for the contrasted and usual process of suggestion from another person. The analogous Greek formation would be *Heterosuggestion. 1921Spectator 19 Mar. 364/2 A portion of the doctors and men of science..began to perceive that it was primarily not their suggestions, but the patient's own suggestions to his subconscious self, which produced the wonderful results... It was auto-suggestion, not hetero-suggestion. 1951F. Hopkins in E. N. Chamberlain Text-bk. Med. ix. 660 The terms autosuggestion and heterosuggestion are used according as to whether the suggestion is made by oneself or others.
1913J. M. Jones Welsh Gram. 72 In N. W[ales] the vowel is medium in aw, ew, iw before a vowel, that is the w is *heterosyllabic.
1896Cambr. Nat. Hist. II. 278 In some genera [of the family Syllidae]..there occur changes quite similar to those characterising ‘Heteronereis’—that is, the posterior segments in which the genital organs exist become altered, so that the worm consists of two distinct regions, and is termed a ‘*Heterosyllis’. 1967H. W. & L. R. Levi tr. Kaestner's Invertebr. Zool. I. xix. 496 Reproduction is complicated by alternation of sexual and asexual generations... Syllis, 1–5 cm. change [sic] to heterosyllis.
1901Baldwin Dict. Philos. I. 96/1 *Heterotelic, having or serving a foreign or external end. 1902Ibid. II. 668/1 To the deist the world process is heterotelic;..to the thoroughgoing monistic idealist it is autotelic.
1904A. F. Blakeslee in Science 3 June 865 According to their method of zygospore formation, the various species among the Mucorineæ may be divided into two main categories, which may be designated as homothallic and *heterothallic... In the heterothallic group..zygospores are developed from branches which necessarily belong to thalli or mycelia diverse in character, and can never be obtained from the sowing of a single spore. 1959Chambers's Encycl. VI. 117/1 Sporodinia grandis is homothallic, and a single spore from a sporangium will give rise both to sporangia and to zygospores, whereas Mucor is heterothallic, and a single spore gives rise only to sporangia.
1906*Heterothallism [see homothallism s.v. homo-]. 1952New Biol. XIII. 107 The discovery of heterothallism proved to be of fundamental importance since it has now been shown to occur in a modified form in all the major groups of fungi.
1940Bot. Rev. VI. 74 There has been progressive sexual differentiation beginning with the gametes..and extending outward from them to the gametangia and prothallia, as indicated by the successive acquirement of heterogametangy and *heterothally. 1942Heterothally [see homothally s.v. homo-].
1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) III. 194 The same sound..is consequently heard, not homotonously, or in like tones, but *heterotonously, or in separate and unlike.
1919F. Soddy in Jrnl. Chem. Soc. CXV. 11 Boyle's practical definition of the element..became replaced by a theoretical conception, to which..I propose to apply the term ‘*heterotope’, meaning the occupant of a separate place in the periodic table of elements. 1959L. W. H. Hull Hist. & Philos. Sci. viii. 267 It is now known that there are atoms of different weights having the same chemical properties. These are called isotopes. There are also ‘isobaric heterotopes’, which have the same weight but different chemical properties.
1885E. R. Lankester in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 863/1 *Heterotrichal band circular.
Ibid., The *heterotrichous band.
1895Ann. Bot. IX. 479 The indifference manifested in the second mitosis in animals..as to whether it be *heterotype or homotype, is of some theoretical interest. 1920L. Doncaster Introd. Study Cytol. vi. 89 When the heterotype chromosomes split longitudinally, part of one longitudinal half of one chromosome may exchange places with a similar part of the corresponding longitudinal half of the other.
1889Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. XXX. 203 In another deviation, which Flemming describes as the ‘homöotypic Form’ (that is to say, ‘a form more like the usual one than the one just described, which he names ‘*heterotypic’’), it would appear..that longitudinal splitting may be entirely absent. 1931W. Shumway Gen. Biol. vi. 149 The first maturation division is sometimes called the heterotypic division because of its novel features of synapsis and tetrad-formation. 1969Heterotypic [see homœotypic s.v. homœo-].
1888*Heterotypical [see homœotypical s.v. homœo-]. 1896E. B. Wilson Cell ii. 60 (caption) Heterotypical mitosis in spermatocytes of the salamander.
1886Jrnl. Chem. Soc. L. 266 These..researches have led to the isolation of another constituent of human urine, which it is proposed to call *heteroxanthine. 1943Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) VI. 206/1 Heteroxanthine appears to be a product of the metabolism of theobromine and caffeine, for when these alkaloids are administered to rabbits, dogs or men, heteroxanthine appears in the urine.
1909G. M. R. Levinsen Cheilostomatous Bryozoa 74 The same *heterozoœcium may appear in the same genus, even occasionally in the same species, sometimes as an avicularium, sometimes as a vibraculum... The genus Microporella as well as the genus Escharina may serve as examples of such a variable development of the two heterozoœcial forms.
Ibid. 46 We can distinguish between four main forms of individuals (Bryozooids):..Heterozoœcia (*Heterozooids), which have no intestinal canal, and at most have a trace of a polypide in a small cell-body, furnished with a circle of fine bristles. The chamber contains a strong muscular apparatus for moving the operculum. 1959L. H. Hyman Invertebrates V. xx. 325 Other types of zooids are termed collectively heterozooids and are characterized by the reduction of the polypide, which loses its nutritive and reproductive function. |