| 释义 |
hieratic, a.|haɪəˈrætɪk|
[ad. L. hierātic-us, a. Gr. ἱερᾱτικός priestly, sacerdotal, devoted to sacred purposes, f. *ἱερᾱτ-ος vbl. adj. from ἱεράοµαι to be a priest.]
1. Pertaining to or used by the priestly class; used in connexion with sacred subjects. spec.
a. Applied to a style of ancient Egyptian writing (called ἱερατικά by Clement of Alexandria, c a.d. 200), which consisted of abridged forms of hieroglyphics.
1669Gale Crt. Gentiles i. i. xi. 64 Hieratic [letters], used by those who write of Sacreds. 1771W. Jones Zool. Eth. 69 The next in order was the hieratic, or the writing used by the religious scribes and priests. 1850J. Leitch tr. C.O. Müller's Anc. Art (ed. 2) §216 The hieratic character..seems to have arisen in the transference of hieroglyphics, particularly the phonetic portion of them, to papyrus, by the abbreviation and simplification of signs. 1850Gladstone Homer II. ii. 165 Some other country having, like Egypt, an hieratic and also a demotic tongue. 1862Rawlinson Anc. Mon. I. iv. 81 This mode of writing..has been called without much reason ‘the hieratic’. 1883Sayce Fresh Light fr. Anc. Mon. 86 It was from the hieratic forms of the Egyptian letters that the Phoenician letters were derived. 1886Lowell Orat. Harvard 8 Nov. Wks. VI. 147 The teaching..of Hebrew, as the hieratic language.
b. hieratic paper: = hieratica.
1656[see hieratical]. 1855Househ. Words XII. 67 The old hieratic paper soon lost its prestige.
c. Applied to a style of art (esp. Egyptian or Greek), in which earlier types or methods, fixed by religious tradition, are conventionally adhered to. Also fig.
1841W. Spalding Italy & It. Isl. I. 176 Art in all its stages, from the rudest of the archaic or hieratic paintings to the finest design and finish of the Macedonian times. 1846C. Maitland Ch. Catacombs 240 The intaglios of Kamai, almost the best hieratic work in existence. 1877A. B. Edwards Up Nile xxii. 710 Sculptured in what is called the hieratic attitude; that is, with the left arm down and pressed close to the body.
d. Appropriate to sacred persons or duties.
1866J. Martineau Ess. I. 14 It speaks..with hieratic grandeur. 1885Pater Marius I. 32 A sort of hieratic beauty and orderliness in the conduct of life. 1893Nation 9 Feb. 101/3 They have a sort of hieratic calm and peace.
2. gen. Priestly, sacerdotal.
1859S. Sharpe Hist. Egypt xvi. §6 II. 199 Learned in the ten books, called hieratic, relating to the laws, the gods, the management of the temples, and the revenue. 1871Morley Crit. Misc. 343 note, The essentially hieratic monarchies. 1885W. H. Payne tr. Compayre's Hist. Pedagogy 15 It [education in the East] was administered by the hieratic class. 1893in Barrows Parl. Relig. I. 663 The Law and the Prophets..constituted..the hieratic Hebrew books. |