| 释义 |
▪ I. † hird, hired Obs.
Forms: 1 híred, híered, hýred, héored, héorod, 2–3 hired, 2–4 hird, (3 (Orm.) also hirrd), 3–4 hyrd, 4 hyrt, 4–5 herd(e.
[OE. híred, hírd-es household, family, shortened from *híwrǽd (cf., in same sense, híwrǽden fem.) = OHG., MHG. hîrât marriage, setting up of a household (mod.Ger. heirat, also heurat), from *hîurât, *hîwrât, Goth. type *heiwarêds; f. hîwan members of a household, Goth. heiwa- household- + -rǽd, condition, state, -red.]
1. A household, family; a company of servants or retainers, a retinue; a king's court; also, a monastic household.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxxvi. §1 On sumes cyninges hirede. c893― Oros. vi. xxx. §7 Lucinius bebead þæt nan cristen mon ne come on his hierede. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxiv. 45 Ðeᵹn..ðone ᵹesette hlaferd his ofer hiorod his. c975Rushw. Gosp. Matt. xiii. 27 Cumende..to fæder þas heoredes. c1000ælfric Hom. I. 314 Se halᵹa hyred. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. x. 25 Gyf hi þæs hiredes fæder belzebub clypedon [c 1160 Hatton G., þas hyrdes fæder]. 1045Will Thurstan in Thorpe Chart. 574 Se hird on Seynt Eadmundsbiri. a1100Ags. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 308 Familia, hiwræden oððe hired. a1100O.E. Chron. an. 1085 Se cyng..heold þær his hired .v. daᵹas. c1175Lamb. Hom. 89 Ðat halie hired cristes apostles. c1200Ormin 10926 Þatt Cristess hirrd, Crisstene follc. Ibid. 15890 Hemm drifeþþ Crist ut off hiss hird. c1205Lay. 6152 Forði-wende þat hired swa þæ king hæhte. c1250Gen. & Ex. 1001 Of is hird euerilc wapman wurð circumcis. c1350Will. Palerne 1120 He..dede him on gate holly wiþ al his herde þat he a-sembled. a1440Sir Degrev. 1088 Ffolke frouschen in fere, In herd ys not to hyde.
2. Comb. (only in OE. and early ME.): hired-child, child of the house; hirdcnave, hirdcniht, hirdswain, a household attendant, retainer, menial; hirdfolc, household servants, followers; hired-gome, man of the court; hirdifere, attendants; hiredplæie, courtly amusement. Also hirdman.
c1205Lay. 16553 Þet þine *hired-childeren pleien mid þissen hunde.
Ibid. 5664 Ne næuer nænne *hird-cnaue.
c1000ælfric Hom. I. 374 Ðæs caseres ðeᵹnas and *hired-cnihtas. c1205Lay. 4316 Anne hird-cniht he hauede.
Ibid. 6463 Þa hahte he al his *hird-folc faren to are burȝe.
Ibid. 12289 Aure ælcne *hired-gume feire heo igrætten.
Ibid. 6631 Þer he hundede on comelan Wið his *hird-iferen.
Ibid. 14481 Mid haueken & mid hunden *hired-plæie luuien.
Ibid. 5662 Þet he..neaue nenne *herd-swein.
▪ II. hird, -e
obs. ff. herd n.1 and n.2, herd v.2, obs. pa. tense hire. |