| 释义 |
histamine Biochem.|ˈhɪstəmiːn|
Formerly also -in.
[f. histidine + amine.]
An amine formed from histidine by decarboxylation, widely found in both animal and plant tissues, and having a specific action as a stimulator of gastric secretion and as a dilator of the capillaries. Hence ˈhistaminase [see -ase], an enzyme which inhibits the action of histamine.
1913Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 7), Histamin, betaimidazolylethylamin: used like pituitrin. 1913Jrnl. Chem. Soc. CIV. i. 681 Histamine..is a base which Barger and Dale separated from the intestinal mucous membrane. 1918Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. XL. 1723 The first 3 extracts were pale yellow in color and contained practically all the histamine. 1918Jrnl. Physiol. LII. 110 In earlier papers P. P. Laidlaw and one of us [sc. H. H. Dale] referred to it by its chemical name, β-Iminazolylethylamine (abbreviated for conveinience to β-I.), being unwilling to coin a new name for a substance long known... Several later investigators of its action, however, have used for it the name ‘histamine’, which is so obviously appropriate for this amine derived from histidine, that we have adopted it here. 1920Nature 4 Mar. 11/2 A compound of known chemical structure, called ‘histamine’,..which is able to produce a state of the circulation like that present in wound-shock. 1929Times 28 Oct. 15/3 These products produce what is spoken of as ‘histamine poisoning’, the substance histamine being the principal toxic agent. 1930Best & McHenry in Jrnl. Physiol. LXX. 557 We suggest..that the substance, or system, which produces a change in structure responsible for the loss of physiological activity of histamine be designated histaminase. 1951Whitby & Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 5) 90 The hypothesis that histamine-release is the immediate cause of the symptoms of anaphylactic shock formerly rested largely on the close similarity between the symptoms of histamine poisoning and of anaphylactic shock in different animals and in vitro. 1957New Biol. XXIV. 54 Histamine belongs to a group of substances known chemically as amines and physiologically as vaso⁓dilators, i.e. they dilate the blood vessels. 1965Lee & Knowles Animal Hormones viii. 119 Histaminase, which destroys histamine, does not affect the potency of the extract and gastrin appears to be a true hormone. 1968J. H. Burn Lect. Notes Pharmacol. (ed. 9) 24 Histamine is an amine which can be formed by removing the {b1}COOH group from the amino-acid histidine. |