| 释义 |
▪ I. hoar, a. and n.|hɔə(r)|
Forms: α. 1 hár, 3–5 hor, (3–4 heor, 4 hoer), 4–5 hoor, 4–7 hore, 6 Sc. hoir, 6–7 hoare, (whore), 6– hoar. β. north. and Sc. 4–6 har, hare, 5–6 hair, -e, 6 hayr. γ. 3 hær, 4–5 heer.
[OE. hár = OHG. hêr ‘old’, hence ‘venerable, august’ (mod.G. hehr august, stately), ON. hár-r hoary, old:—OTeut. *hairo-z, usually referred to an OTeut. *hai-, pre-Teut. *koi- to shine.]
A. adj.
1. Grey-haired with age; venerable.
α Beowulf (Z.) 1307 Þa wæs frod cyning, har hilde-rinc, on hreon mode. c1290St. Brandan 265 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 226 A fair old man and swiþe hor. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xvi. 173 Þanne mette I with a man..As hore [v.rr. hoor, hoer, heor] as an hawethorne. c1386Chaucer Merch. T. 220, I feele me nowhere hoor but on myn heed. 1470–85Malory Arthur ii. xvii, An old hore gentylman. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. x. 3 Through wisedome of a matrone grave and hoar. 1725Pope Odyss. viii. 112 A countless throng, Youth and hoar age. 1847Longfellow Ev. i. Prel. 4 The murmuring pines and the hemlocks..Stand like harpers hoar, with beards that rest on their bosoms. 1881Jefferies Wood Magic II. iv. 108 A very old hare, quite hoar with age.
βa1400–50Alexander 4996 ‘Behalds now’, quod þis hare man. 1560Rolland Crt. Venus iv. 661, I was sa auld ane man and hair.
2. Of colour: Grey, greyish white.
a. esp. Of the hair, head, or beard: Grey or white with age.
αc1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 368/66 His berd is long and sid i-nouȝ, and sum-del hor a-mong. c1380Sir Ferumb. 1580 Al for elde ys hor þyn her. 1382[see hoarhead]. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. iii. (1495) 108 Thei haue soone hoore heeres. 1482Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 33 The heere of his hed was whore. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. (1882) 43 Their old age, their hoare haires, their blindnesse. 1611Bible Isa. xlvi. 4 Euen to hoare haires will I cary you. 1652T. Hodges Hoary Head Crowned 23 His hoar head bring thou down to the grave with blood. 1798Coleridge Anc. Mar. vii. xxiv, Whose beard with age is hoar. 1820Keats Isabella xlviii, So she kneeled, with her locks all hoar.
βc1340Cursor M. 5313 (Fairf.) His berde was side, his heued hare. 1513Douglas æneis ix. x. 52 The steyll helmys we thrist on hedis hayr.
b. Of the frost which feathers objects with white, and objects so whitened: see hoar-frost.
αa1000Andreas 1260 (Gr.) Hrim and forst hare hild⁓stapan. 1477Norton Ord. Alch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 55 As it sheweth in Ice and Frosts hore. 1583Stanyhurst æneis iv. (Arb.) 103 His beard with froast hoare is hardned. 1596Spenser F.Q. iv. xi. 46 Like to the hore Congealed litle drops which doe the morne adore. 1785Burns Vision ii. xiv, When the North his fleecy store Drove thro' the sky, I saw grim Nature's visage hoar Struck thy young eye.
βc1450Henryson Mor. Fab. 56 Both hill and holt hailled with frostes hair. 1513Douglas æneis vii. Prol. 42 With frostis haire ourfret the feildis standis.
c. Of colour simply.
a900Cynewulf Judith 328 Helmas and hupseax hare byrnan. a1000Wanderer 82 in Exeter Bk., Sumne se hara wulf deaðe ᵹedælde. a1000Boeth. Metr. v. 25 Of clife harum. 13..K. Alis. 5031 Hi ben hore al so a wolf. 1552Huloet, Hore, or whyte graye, canus. 1572J. Bossewell Armorie ii. 69 b, The Pellicane feruentlye loueth her byrdes, Yet when they bene haughtie, and beginne to waxe hore, they smite her in the face. 1727–46Thomson Summer 1601 Island of bliss!..all assaults Baffling, as thy hoar cliffs the loud sea-wave. 1812J. Wilson Isle of Palms iii. 569 Folded up with blossoms hoar. 1890R. Bridges Shorter Poems i. 9 Her leaves are glaucous green and hoar.
†3. Used frequently as an attribute of various objects named in ancient charters as marking a boundary line. Obs. Hence in many place-names. See also hoar-stone.
The meaning may have been ‘grey’ simply, or with lichen, and so ‘grey with age’, ‘old, ancient’. Some have conjectured however (see Archæologia XXV. 33) that hoar ‘by itself expresses a frontier or peninsular station’.
994in Kemble Cod. Dipl. III. 279 Of ðam haran hæsle on earnhylle middewerde. 999Ibid. 313 Of ðan haran stane on ðonne haran wiðiᵹ. 1005in Dugdale Monast. Angl. III. 11 Fram Egceanlæa to þam haran wiþie. a1079O.E. Chron. (MS. D) an. 1066 [He] com him to ᵹenes æt þære haran apuldran. 1298in Archæol. XXV. 35 Exinde usque ad Horeapeldre. [Cf. the place-names Horethorne Down, Somersetsh., Hore Cross, Staffordsh., Hoar Grounds, Hoar Park, Warwicksh., Hormead, Herts., Horridge, Gloucestersh., Harestanes, Hartree, Harewood, Harwood, Scotl., etc. See Archæologia XXV. 30-60.]
4. Of trees, woods, or the like: Grey from absence of foliage; showing the bare grey stems.
In later use a more or less traditional epithet, esp. in the alliterative phrase holts hoar, which referred perhaps to the grey lichen with which aged tree-trunks are clad, and thus combined the notion of old, ancient. When said of mountains the primary reference is to colour, which in later use is sometimes lost.
α13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 743 Of hore okez ful hoge a hundreth to-geder. a1400Isumbras 167 The floures of the thorne, Up-one those holtes hore. c1430Lydg. Compl. Bl. Knt. 119 In the parke, and in the holtes hore. 1555Eden Decades 132 The herbes waxe wythered..and the medowes become hore. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. iii. 10 Under the steepe foot of a mountaine hore. 1632Milton L'Allegro 55 From the side of some hoar hill, Through the high wood echoing shrill. a1650Flodden F. 214 in Percy Folio I. 327 Underneath the holtes so whore.
βa1400Sir Perc. 230 Fyftene wynter and mare He duellede in those holtes hare. c1425Wyntoun Cron. viii. xxvi. 228 Ðat semyd ane hare Wode for to be. 1513Douglas æneis x. xiv. 142 This Troiane prynce..Intil hys stalwart stelyt scheild, stikand out Lyke a hayr wod, the dartis bair about. a1549Murning Maidin 26 And walk among the holtis hair, Within the woddis wyld.
γc1205Lay. 16372 Swulc hit weoren an hær wude. a1400–50Alexander 776 Þe holtez of þe heer wode.
b. Of things: Grey with age, venerable, ancient.
1590Spenser F.Q. ii. vii. Argt., Guyon findes Mamon in a delve Sunning his threasure hore. a1756Collins Pop. Superstit. Highlands 142 To that hoar pile, which still its ruin shows. 1768Beattie Minstr. i. xliii, Instructed by tradition hoar. 1856H. C. Adams First of June (1862) 6 To trace legends back to yet more hoar antiquity.
5. White or grey with mould; mouldy, musty. Also fig. Obs. exc. dial.
1544T. Phaer Regim. Lyfe (1560) S j, Let them so stande, viii. dayes to putryfye tyll it be hoare, then fry them out. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. ii. iv. 141 An old Hare hoare, and an old Hare hoare is very good meat in Lent. But a Hare that is hoare is too much for a score, when it hoares ere it be spent. 1605Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iii. iv. Captaines 431 But the long Journey, we have gone, hath..turn'd our victuals hoar. [‘Still in use in Somerset’ (Halliwell 1847–78).]
†6. From the use in hoar frost (sense 2 b) comes prob. that of ‘Cold, nipping’ (Jam.). Sc. Obs.
c1450Henryson in Bannatyne Poems 114 (Jam.) Fra hair weddir, and frostis, him to hap. 1513Douglas æneis vi. vii. 79 By gousty placis, welsche savorit, mist, and hair. Ibid. vii. Prol. 130 The mornyng bla, wan and har.
†b. fig. ‘Keen, biting, severe’ (Jam.). Sc. Obs.
a1605Montgomerie Misc. Poems iii. 61 Houbeit ȝe think my harrand something har.
†7. ‘Harsh, ungrateful to the ear’ (Jam.). Sc.
c1450Henryson Test. Cres. 338 Thy voice sa cleir unplesand hoir and hace. Ibid. 445 My cleir voice..Is rawk as ruik, full hiddeous, hoir, and hace.
8. Comb., chiefly parasynthetic, as hoar-haired, hoar-locked, hoar-headed; also hoar-leprosy, white leprosy, elephantiasis; hoar-rime = hoar-frost; hoar withy, the White-beam, Pyrus Aria.
c1205Lay. 25845 Heor-lockede wif [c 1275 hor-ilocket]. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. 59 The hayr ryim is ane cald deu, the quhilk fallis in mysty vapours, and syne it fresis on the eird. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Chenu, horeheared, gray heared. 1607Shakes. Timon iv. iii. 35 This yellow Slaue, Will..blesse th' accurst, Make the hoare Leprosie ador'd. 1879Britten & H. Plant-n., Hoar Withy, Pyrus Aria, Hants., from the white under-surface of the leaves.
B. n.
†1. A grey-haired man. Obs.
Beowulf (Z.) 2989 Hares hyrste hiᵹe-lace bæron. 13..K. Alis. 6752 Sey me now, ye olde hore! (Mony day is seothe ye weore bore).
2. Hoariness from age.
(But in first quot. perh. for-hore: see for- 10.)
[a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 356 Hir heed for hoor [Thynne for hore] was whyt as flour. ]1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxxv. 59 Quhill store and hore, my ȝouth devore. 1796Burke Let. Noble Ld. 52 His grants are engrafted on the public law of Europe, covered with the awful hoar of innumerable ages. 1872J. G. Murphy Com. Lev. Introd., Now that it is touched with the hoar of a venerable antiquity.
3. A white or hoary coating or appearance; esp. hoar-frost, rime.
1567Turberv. Epit. & Sonn. Wks. (1837) 303 The hilles be ouerwhelmde with hoare. 1731Winter's Thought in Gentl. Mag. (1732), The candy'd rhime and scattered hoar. 1732Gentlem. Guide to Cattle (ed. 2) 9 Mornings when we perceive a white Hoar and Cobwebs upon the Grass. 1886T. Hardy Mayor Casterbr. I. i, The thick hoar of dust which had accumulated on their shoes and garments.
†b. Canescent hairiness. Obs.
1551Turner Herbal i. B vij b, Most gentle, full of hore and softe, with whyte floures and whit sedes.
†c. Mould. Obs.
1548–67Thomas Ital. Dict., Muffa, the hoare that is seene in stale breade. 1597–8Bp. Hall Sat. iv. i, His golden fleece o'ergrown with mouldy hoar. 1686Plot Staffordsh. 15 Interspersed with a white hoar or vinew much like that in mouldy bread.
d. A fog; a thick mist. (? Error for haar.)
1846Worcester, Hoar..(2) thick mist. Loudon.
▪ II. † hoar, v. Obs.
Forms: 1 hárian, 4–6 hore, 5 hoore, 6–8 hoar.
[OE. hárian, f. hár hoar a.]
1. intr. To become hoary or grey-haired.
a1000Malchus in Shrine (Cockayne) 39 Þæt ic þa sceolde wesan ceorl on hariendum heafde. c1000ælfric Gram. xxvi. (Z.) 154 Caneo, ic hariᵹe. a1310in Wright Lyric P. 50 Help me, Lord, er then ich hore. 13..K. Alis. 1597 His berd schal hore, his folk schal sterve. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. lxvi. (1495) 184 The heer of the temples hooryth sooner than the other heer.
b. fig. To grow old; to become inveterate.
a1420Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 2808 Correcte it..while that it is grene, For and it hore, this londe is but loste.
2. To become mouldy.
1573Art of Limning 7 To have your ynke to continue longe, and not to hore, put therein baysalte. 1592[see hoar a. 5]. 1750W. Ellis Country Housew. 22 If Bread is kept in too moist a Place too long, it will rope, or hoar, or mould.
3. trans. To make hoary or white, to whiten. In quot. 1607, To smite with hoar-leprosy.
1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. iii. 344 Hils hoar'd with eternall Snowes. 1598Ibid. ii. i. iii. Furies 86 Heav'n..hoars her head with Snowes. 1607Shakes. Timon iv. iii. 155 Hoare the Flamen, That scold'st against the quality of flesh. 1747Gentl. Mag. 242 Hoar'd with stiff'ning frosts. |