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Hock-day Now only Hist.
Also (2 hocedei), 3 hokedey, 3–4 (7–9 Hist.) hoke-, hocke-, 4 hokke-, 4–6 hoc-, 5 hok-, -dai, -day.
[Few words have received so much etymological and historical investigation as Hock-day, Hocktide, Hock Tuesday, Hock Monday. But the origin has not yet been ascertained. Early evidence shows that the first element was originally disyllabic, hoke-; but whether the o was long or short is not determined; it was evidently short when subsequently spelt hocke-, hokke-. Hock-day, which is the earliest of the group (Hock Tuesday appearing next), has not been found before the 12th c.; no trace of it appears in OE. or any Germanic lang. Skinner's conjecture that Hock-tide might be the MDu. hogetide, hoochtide, ‘high time, festival, wedding’, is out of the question, and Lambarde's explanation of hock as for OE. hocor, ‘mockery, scorn, derision’ (repeated by Speed, Blount, Phillips, Bailey, etc.), is on many grounds untenable. (H. Grotefend, Handb. Hist. Chronol. (1872) 87/2, cites from a Vienna document, ‘der prieff ist geben dez mentags nach dem Goychkentag am newnten tag nach Ostern 1377’, where Goychkentag coincides in date with Hock-day; but it is difficult to see any connexion between the names.)]
The second Tuesday after Easter Sunday; Hock Tuesday: in former times an important term-day, on which rents were paid, and the like, Hock-day and Michaelmas dividing the rural year into its summer and winter halves. It was also, from the 14th c., and probably earlier, a popular festival, signalized by the collection of money for parish purposes by roughly humorous methods: see Hocktide, hock-money. The plural, Hock days, includes also the preceding day, Hock Monday, which was similarly celebrated.
The date is sometimes given as the second Monday and Tuesday after Easter week; this appears to originate in different ways of reckoning the quindena Paschæ as the fortnight following Easter, or the two weeks before and after Easter. (Statements going back to the 15th or 16th c. assert that Hock-day commemorated either the massacre of the Danes on 13 Nov. 1002, or the death of Hardicnut on 8 June, 1042. From the dates of these events it is difficult to understand how either was associated with Hock-tide.)
c1175Caen Cartulary (MS. Paris, Bibl. Nat., Lat. 5650) lf. 54 b (Du C.), Omnes bubulci..a hocedei usque ad Augustum habebunt de bidentibus lac mane diebus Dominicis. 1219Feet of Fines Michaelm. 3 Hen. III, File iii. No. 30 Quod ipsi homines veniant..bis in anno..semel ad Hokedey et iterum ad festum Sancti Martini. a1252Rentalia Glaston. (Som. Rec. Soc.) 10 A die lune prox. post hocke⁓dai. a1259Matt. Paris Chron. Maj. anno 1255 (Rolls V. 493) De magno parlamento quod fuit in quindena Paschæ. Circa idem tempus scilicet in quindena Paschæ, quæ vulgariter Hokedai appellatur. Ibid. anno 1258 (V. 676) Et post diem Martis, quæ vulgariter Hokedai appellatur, factum est Parlamentum Londini. c1260Deed Granting Messuage in Glastonbury (penes Rev. W. E. Daniel), Octo denarios ad duos anni terminos, videlicet ad la Hokedaye quatuor denarios, et ad festum sci. Michaelis quatuor denarios. c1330Annal. Lond. an. 1269 in Chron. Edw. I & II (Rolls) I. 80 Die Martis, qui vocatur Hokkeday. 1369in Madox Formulare (1702) 225 Die Martis proximo post quindenam Paschæ qui vocatur Hokeday. 1406[see hocking s.v. hock v.2]. 1450in Leland Collect. 299 Sic monemus, ut ab hujusmodi ligationibus & ludis inhonestis diebus hactenus usitatis, vocatis communiter Hoc-dayes, ut prædicitur, cessent. 1467in Eng. Gilds (1870) 385 At the lawday holdyn at hokday. 1512Yatton Churchw. Acc. (Som. Rec. Soc.) 132 [Recd.] of I. Bek for his taverne of Ale at Hoc⁓day xxxvjs. viijd. 1677Plot Oxfordsh. 202, I once thought they might anciently, as well as now, observe two Hock⁓days, one for the women and another for the men..It is most certain that now we observe two of them here, on Monday for the women, which is much the more solemn, and Tuesday for the men, which is very inconsiderable. 1777Brand Pop. Antiq. (1849) I. 185 Hoke Day was..an annual festival, said to have been instituted in memory of the almost total destruction of the Danes in England by Ethelred in 1002. 1890Kitchin Winchester (1893) 166 There were usually two assemblies of the commonalty in each year, one on Hockaday (the Tuesday week after Easter), the other at Michaelmas. |