| 释义 |
homogeneous, a.|hɒməʊˈdʒiːnɪəs|
Also erron. genous.
[f. Scholastic L. homogene-us (see homogeneal) + -ous.]
The opposite of heterogeneous.
In early use homogeneal was more frequent, esp. in technical expressions.
1. a. Of one thing in respect of another, or of various things in respect of each other: Of the same kind, nature, or character; alike, similar, congruous.
1641Milton Ch. Govt. i. vi, Of such a councell..every parochiall Consistory is a right homogeneous and constituting part. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq., Apol. 485 It may be..homogeneous enough to the natural Scope of our first Rule. 1779–81Johnson L.P., Pope Wks. IV. 14 Of all homogeneous truths, at least of all truths respecting the general end. 1855Bain Senses & Int. iii. i. §38 Between the world and mind there is no comparison, the things are not homogeneous. 1879Tourgee Fool's Err. xxiv. 147 To secure a development homogeneous with that of the North.
†b. loosely. Congruous, befitting. Obs.
1708S. Sewall Diary 20 Aug. (1879) II. 230 They ..solicited me to Pray; I was loth, and advis'd them to send for Mr. Williams, as most natural, homogeneous.
2. a. Of a thing in respect of its constitution: Consisting of parts or elements all of the same kind; of uniform nature or character throughout.
c1645Howell Lett. (1655) II. lx. 84 Som do hold that this Island was tied to France..for if one..observe the rocks of the one, and the cliffes of the other, he will judge them to be one homogeneous piece. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ii. i. 52 Ice is a similary body, and homogeneous concretion. 1782Priestley Corrupt. Chr. I. v. 425 Man is an homogeneous being. 1796Pearson in Phil. Trans. LXXXVI. 421 It was of a perfectly homogeneous texture. 1863Kirk Chas. Bold I. ii. i. 444 Here the population was homogeneous..without any foreign intermixture. 1869Tyndall Notes Lect. Light 23 In the air this shifting of the rays..is often a source of grievous annoyance to the astronomer who needs a homogeneous atmosphere.
b. Physics. Of light: not decomposable into light of other colours. Hence of radiation generally: monochromatic.
[1671Newton in Phil. Trans. R. Soc. VI. 3081 Light is not similar, or homogeneal, but consists of difform Rays, some of which are more refrangible than others.] 1783Phil. Trans. R. Soc. LXXIII. 97 An oblique pencil of homogeneous rays. 1863E. Atkinson tr. Ganot's Physics vii. iv. 406 In optical researches it is frequently of great importance to procure homogeneous or monochromatic light. 1897Nichols & Franklin Elem. Physics III. vii. 73 Homogeneous light is sometimes called monochromatic light. 1913Proc. R. Soc. A. LXXXIX. 246 The wave-length of a homogeneous beam of X-rays. 1942W. B. Boast Illum. Engin. i. 3 Radiant energy from a gaseous-discharge source, such as mercury vapor,..consists of..one or more homogeneous component radiations.
c. Physical Chem. Consisting of, occurring in, or involving a single phase.
1874Proc. R. Soc. XXII. 30 The body may be either homogeneous throughout, as a continuous solid, or liquid, or gas; or it may be heterogeneous, as a mass of water and aqueous vapour (i.e. steam). 1878J. W. Gibbs in Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts & Sci. III. 116 By homogeneous is meant that the part in question is uniform throughout, not only in chemical composition, but also in physical state. 1930W. T. Hall Textbk. Quantitative Analysis xi. 135 A mixture of two solid substances is not homogeneous. A solution, on the other hand, is homogeneous when it is thoroughly mixed. 1940C. N. Hinshelwood Kinetics Chem. Change iv. 70 A reaction may be partly homogeneous and partly heterogeneous. 1947S. Glasstone Elem. Physical Chem. xviii. 587 Homogeneous reactions..take place entirely in one phase, either gas or solution. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. II. 547/1 If the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactants, the process is homogeneous catalysis... A homogeneous catalyst is molecularly dispersed (dissolved) in the reactants which are, most commonly, in the liquid state.
d. Nuclear Science. Of a nuclear reactor: having the fuel intimately and uniformly mixed with the moderator (which if liquid may also serve as the coolant).
1947C. Goodman Sci. & Engin. Nuclear Power I. ix. 273 The reactors are considered to be of two classes: heterogeneous and homogeneous. In the latter, the fissionable material is uniformly distributed throughout the active portion of the reactor. 1955Times 10 Aug. 8/4 The so-called ‘homogeneous reactor’, in which the nuclear fuel is circulated in solution. 1964M. Gowing Britain & Atomic Energy x. 273 The possibilities of a homogeneous heavy water pile..were it is true not promising.
3. Math.
a. Of the same kind, so as to be commensurable.
b. Of the same degree or dimensions; consisting of terms of the same dimensions.
1695W. Alingham Geom. Epit. 14 All Homogenious Magnitudes i.e. Magnitudes of the same kind, have a Proportion or Relation one to another. 1815Hutton Math. Dict. (ed. 2), Homogeneous Equations..in which the sum of the dimensions of x and y..rise to the same degree in all the terms. 1859Barn. Smith Algebra (ed. 6) 201 The terms..are said to be of the Same Dimensions or Homogeneous, when the sum of the indices in each term is the same.
c. homogeneous co-ordinates, a system in which the ratios of the co-ordinates (one more than necessary) are substituted for the co-ordinates themselves, making the equations (all except one) homogeneous.
1879Encycl. Brit. X. 408/1 For the proper development of the science [of analytical geometry] homogeneous coordinates..are required. 1934D. M. Y. Sommerville Analyt. Geom. Three Dimensions ii. 18 If [X, Y, Z] are the ordinary non-homogeneous coordinates..let X = x/w, Y = y/w, Z = z/w, then [x, y, z, w] are called the homogeneous cartesian coordinates. 1965H. Eves Surv. Geom. II. x. 71 Homogeneous coordinates enable us to establish the important principle of duality of plane projective geometry.
¶ The spelling homogenous is less common than the pronunc. |həˈmɒdʒɪnəs|, which perh. owes its currency partly to the influence of the vb. homogenize and its derivs.
1956J. N. Anderson Appl. Dent. Mat. xx. 243 Thorough mixing of the dry ingredients..and vigorous spatulation..help to produce a homogenous mix. 1961Webster, Homogenous = Homogeneous. 1964E. Palmer tr. Martinet's Elem. Gen. Ling. ii. 39 No linguistic community of any great size is homogenous. 1970Times 2 June (Container Suppl.) p. i/6, As general cargo is homogenized into standard boxes, it will inevitably follow in the path of the homogenous bulk trades such as oil and ore. 1971Nature 17 Sept. 203/1 Fractions which were homogenous by thin-layer chromatography..were used. 1972Ibid. 21 Jan. 138/2 A procedure for purification has been described that gives a product which appears homogenous.
Hence homoˈgeneously adv., in a homogeneous manner. homoˈgeneousness, the quality or condition of being homogeneous, homogeneity.
1651Biggs New Disp. ⁋154 Which cannot..be wholly homogeneously resolved. 1658J. Robinson Eudoxa 66 An Homogeneousness in the derivation of the matter. 1835–6Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 81/2 Homogeneousness of substance is..an indication of low organization. 1854J. Scoffern Chem. in Orr's Circ. Sc. 26 The cooling mass does not cohere homogeneously. 1875Bennett & Dyer Sachs' Bot. 40 Dilute solution of potash..dissolves protoplasm..and makes it homogeneously transparent. |