| 释义 |
▪ I. hone, n.1|həʊn|
Forms: 1 hán, 4 honne, 5 hoone, 7 hoan(e, 5– hone.
[OE. hán str. fem. = ON. hein str. fem. (Sw. dial. hen, Da. heen).]
†1. A stone, a rock. (OE.) Obs.
Frequently applied to a stone serving as a landmark.
939in Birch Cartul. Sax. II. 458 Þonne norþ fram setle to netles stede to þære hane. 966Ibid. III. 435 Of þære græᵹan hane and lang hearpdene. 12..Ibid. II. 481 Þonon on þa readan hane, of þære hane on þone herpaþ.
2. A whetstone used for giving a fine edge to cutting tools, esp. razors.
c1325Poem Times Edw. II, 86 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 327 He put in his pautener an honne and a komb. c1440Promp. Parv. 245/1 Hoone, barbarys instrument, cos. 1545T. Raynalde Byrth Mankynde ii. vi. 127 Rub it on a Barbers Whetstone, called a Hone. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 2 Take in his Chest a good Hoane. 1746Simon in Phil. Trans. XLIV. 323 The Whetstones or Hones..sold for Lough-Neagh Stones, are none of these, but of a soft gritty kind, and found near Drogheda. 1807P. Gass Jrnl. 79 Part of a log quite petrified..of which good whet⁓stones or hones could be made. 1881Young Every Man his own Mechanic §358 After a few hours set it on a hone.
3. Stone of which such whetstones are made; hone-stone. (Several kinds of stone varying greatly in mineral composition are used for this purpose.)
1793J. Hely tr. O'Flaherty's Ogygia II. 178 Lough-Neach..which most assuredly converts holly into hones. 1806Gazetteer Scotl. (ed. 2) 163/2 In the parish of Ratho is found a species of whetstone or hone, of the finest substance. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. s.v., Various kinds, differing greatly in texture and hardness, are employed. Norway ragstone, water-of-Ayr, bluestone, German-hone, and many other varieties.
4. attrib. and Comb. hone-pavement: see quot. 1788; hone-stone, = senses 2 and 3; spec. a very siliceous clay slate having a conchoidal fracture across the grain of the rock; also called novaculite.
1788Chambers' Cycl. s.v., Bed of hones, or hone-pavement, one of the tools used in the operation of grinding specula for telescopes; formed of pieces of the finest blue hone or whetstone. c1790J. Imison Sch. Art II. 108 The hone pavement has uniformly taken out all the emery strokes. 1855tr. Labarte's Arts Mid. Ages i. 25 Hone⁓stone, a compact, fine-grained magnesian limestone. 1882Geikie Text-bk. Geol. ii. ii. §6. 122 Whet-slate, novaculite, hone-stone, an exceedingly hard fine grained siliceous rock.
▪ II. hone, n.2 north. dial.
Also 4 hon, howne, 4–5 hoyn(e, 4–9 hune.
[ME. hōn, app. derived from hone v.1]
Delay, tarrying: in the phrases but, without hone, often a convenient metrical tag.
a1300Cursor M. 5795 Siþen sal þou wit-outen hon Wend to king pharaon. Ibid. 8413 Curtaisli, wit-vten hone, He yatte hir freli al hir bone. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Paulus 804 Bad þame..Set fyre at anis but ony howne. c1400Rowland & O. 341 Send owte Rowlande withowtten hone [rime tone]. c1460Towneley Myst. xxii. 228 Withoutt any hoyne [rime soyne = soon]. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 434 For to devyiss without[in] ony hune, Richt wyslie than quhat best wes to be done. 1560Rolland Crt. Venus iv. 629 That thay suld pas but hone. 1820Edin. Mag. May 422/2 The trauchl't stag i' the wan waves lap, But huliness or hune.
▪ III. † hone, n.3 Obs. dial.
A swelling or tumour.[See honewort, quot. 1633, the sole authority for this.] ▪ IV. hone, v.1 north. dial.
Forms: 4 hon(e, 5–6 hoyne.
[Goes with hone n.2 (the vb. being app. the source): origin obscure. The rimes show that it had ME. close ō, giving Sc. (ø, ʏ); its mod. Eng. form would be oo |uː|, and it is thus distinct from hone v.2 The oy in some texts is northern spelling of ō.]
intr. To delay, tarry, hesitate.
a1300Cursor M. 6088 Yee be alle belted, wit staf in hand, Hones noght quils yee ar etand. Ibid. 19867 Petre þan bigan til hon. c1400Melayne 819 In no place wolde he hone [rime done]. c1460Towneley Myst. iii. 319 It shall be done full sone brether, help to bere..ffull long shall I not hoyne to do my devere. Ibid. viii. 363 It may not help to houer ne hone [rime bone = boon]. 1570Levins Manip. 215/20 To Hoyne, hærere.
▪ V. hone, v.2 dial. and U.S.
Also 8 hoan, hoon.
[a. OF. hogner, hoigner, Norman dial. honer, (13th c. in Littré) ‘to grumble, mutter, murmure; to repine; also, to whyne as a child, or dog’ (Cotgr.), app. f. hon, a cry of discontent (cf. ‘Hoigner, ou hogner, faire hon hon, et criailler comme font les enfants quand ils voudraient bien avoir quelque chose’, Duez Dict. 1664, in Godef.).]
intr. To grumble, murmur, whine, moan.
1621Burton Anat. Mel. iii. ii. iii. 614 Admiring and commending her still, and lamenting, honing [1638, 1651, etc. moaning], wishing himselfe any thing for her sake. 1657G. Starkey Helmont's Vind. 243, I know that the Galenical Tribe will whine and hone pitifully, rather than lose to be reputed Chymists. 1825Lamb Elia Ser. ii. Convalescent, He lies pitying himself, honing and moaning to himself. 1828Scott F.M. Perth v, Thou awakest to hone, and pine, and moan, as if she had drawn a hot iron across thy lips. 1955D. Niland Shiralee 36 Macauley felt her scrabbling over the blanket, and then sitting beside his bulk, hooning to herself.
b. To whine or pine for; to hanker after.
1600Holland Livy i. vii. 6 Some of the Oxen..missed their fellowes behind, and honing after them, bellowed as their nature is. 1708Brit. Apollo No. 36. 3/1 When in Wezon 'tis gone, For another I hoan. a1713T. Ellwood Autobiog. (1714) 64, I had no Money..nor ever honed after it. 1754Richardson Grandison xxxv. (1812) I. 264 She brought a servant up with her..who hones after the country. 1883C. F. Smith in Trans. Amer. Philol. Soc. 50 Hone, ‘to pine or long for anything’, is not yet obsolete in the South, though perhaps rare. 1884Harper's Mag. Oct. 800/1 ‘I'm just honin' after food’, is another example of the Tennessee patois.
Hence ˈhoning vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1802Lamb Cur. Fragm. iv. Poems, Plays, etc. (1884) 203 What weeping, sighing, sorrowing, honing..friends, relatives. 1837J. Hogg Tales by Ettrick Shepherd II. 235, I heard a kind o' hooning sound. 1878Seeley Stein II. 505 When I had heard his honing and moaning about Moscow.
▪ VI. hone, v.3
[f. hone n.1]
trans. To sharpen on a hone. Hence honed ppl. a., honer.
1826Carlyle Early Lett. (1886) II. 349 Without aid from any grinder or honer whatever. 1828Webster s.v., To hone a razor. 1837Fraser's Mag. XV. 576 A well-honed knife. 1856Leisure Hour V. 13/1 Honing and strapping his stock of razors.
▸ trans. fig. To sharpen, give a cutting edge to; to practise or refine (a skill, a technique, etc.).
In quot. 1829 as part of an extended metaphor.
1829W. F. Hawley Quebec, Harp & Other Poems 66 That dull tool, An edgeless poet, I can hone So sharp, 'twill shave like broken bone. 1914I. S. Cobb in Sat. Evening Post 18 July 3/2 [He] considered his fellow travelers with a view to honing his agile fancy on the whetstones of their duller mentalities. 1955H. Kurnitz Invasion of Privacy (1956) xii. 80 Dorsey's appetite for easy money..was honed to a razor edge. 1969Etc. June 189 The manipulative use of language, honed to razor sharpness on Madison Avenue, is increasingly wielded for more portentous advocacy. 1999XCity (Dept. of Journalism, City Univ., London) Mar. 2/1 The course will take six to eight students already in media teaching jobs who want to hone their skills.
▪ VII. hone
in O hone: see ohone, alas!
▪ VIII. hone, v.4 orig. U.S.
Brit. |həʊn|, U.S. |hoʊn|
[Apparently an alteration of home v. (see sense 5 s.v.), originally by confusion with hone v.3]
intr.to hone in. To head directly for something; to turn one's attention intently towards something. Usu. with on. Cf. home v. 5.
1965G. Plimpton Paper Lion (1967) 51 Then he'd fly on past or off at an angle, his hands splayed out wide, looking back for the ball honing in to intercept his line of flight. 1967N.Y. Times 5 Nov. iii. 10/1 A few who know the wearer well recognize that something is different without honing in on the hairpiece. 1983E. Figes Light vii. 53 A wasp had begun to circle round the bowl.., gradually honing in on the ripe glistening fruit. 1995For Him Mag. Sept. 78/3 He hasn't spotted me. I hone in, but he slips out of range just in time. We cat and mouse for what seems like an eternity. 2002N.Y. Rev. Bks. 19 Dec. 35/3 Balanchine's classes were famous for honing in on the basics. |