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▪ I. hovel, n.1|ˈhɒv(ə)l, ˈhʌv(ə)l|
Also 5 -yl, 5–7 -ell, 6 -elle.
[Known from 15th c.: origin uncertain.
A conjectured derivation from OE. hof court, dwelling, with Romanic suffix -el, is etymologically and chronologically inadmissible. Heyne, in Grimm, favours a connexion with MHG. hobel ‘cover, covering, lid’: if this word occurred in LG., its form would be *hovel, but it does not seem to be known, so that the connexion is not made out. Another conjecture is an AF. *huvel, whence OF. huvelet ‘petit toit en saillie’ (Godef.).]
1. An open shed; an outhouse used as a shelter for cattle, a receptacle for grain or tools.
1435Nottingham Rec. II. 357 Also a garthyn with a hovell' on it. c1440Promp. Parv. 250/1 Hovyl for swyne, or oþer beestys, cartabulum. 1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions Pref. 7 Eche man..passed his daies..vnder the open heauen, the couerte of some shadowie Trees or slendre houelle. 1573Tusser Husb. lii. (1878) 116 Make drie ouer hed, both houell and shed. 1620–55I. Jones Stone-Heng (1725) 8 They raise Cabbins and Cottages for themselves, and Hovels for their Cattel. 1796Trans. Soc. Arts XIV. 301 It may be used as a stable, ox-stall, hovel, or cart-house. 1873Act 36 & 37 Vict. c. 72 §1 Barns, hovels, or other like structures of wood.
2. A shed used as a human habitation; a rude or miserable dwelling-place; a wretched cabin.
a1625Fletcher Love's Cure v. iii, No town in Spain, from our metropolis Unto the rudest hovel. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 52 Their Houses are little Hovels or Hogsties, the best of them scarce worthy the name of a Booth. 1711Addison Spect. No. 117 ⁋5 Her Hovel, which stood in a solitary Corner under the side of the Wood. 1806Gazetteer Scotl. s.v. Tammtoul, It is entirely composed of turf-covered hovels. 1865W. G. Palgrave Arabia II. 151 In it every description of dwelling is to be seen..for high and low, palace or hovel.
3. In various technical uses.
†a. Arch. A canopied niche for an image. Also hovel-house, hovel-housing. Obs.
1463Bury Wills (Camden) 19, I wil that the ymage of oure lady..be set vp ageyn the peleer..and a hovel with pleyn sydes comyng down to the baas. 1875Parker Gloss. Archit., Hovel, sometimes used in the sense of tabernacles for images. 1879E. Waterton Pietas Mariana 262 Tabernacles were canopied niches. In ancient contracts they were also called maisons, habitacles, hovels, and howsings. 1888Archit. Jrnl. 241 Thirty-six ‘weepers’ standing in niches under simple canopies, or, as they were called, ‘hovels’.
†b. A structure of reeds, broom, etc. on which brine is concentrated by natural evaporation. Obs.
1686Plot Staffordsh. ii. 95 Were the brine..laved on hovels cover'd with Mats, made of reeds, straw or flaggs.
c. The hood of a smith's forge.
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. vii. 323/2 The Hovel or Covel of the Hearth [of a Smith's Forge] which ends in a Chimney to carry the Smoak away. 1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 2.
d. The conical building enclosing a porcelain oven or kiln.
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 468 Most ovens are surrounded by a high conical building, called a hovel, large enough to allow the man to wheel coals to the requisite places, and to pass along to supply each mouth with fuel. 1851Illustr. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 724 The hovels in which the ovens are built form a very..striking feature of the pottery towns..resembling..a succession of gigantic bee-hives.
4. A stack of corn, etc. Hence hovel-frame.
1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Gavilla, a stacke of corne, a hoile of corne, a bauen, fasciculus. 1599Minsheu Sp. Dict., Gavilla, or Gavila, a stacke or houell of corne, a bauen or fagot. 1722Act 9 Geo. I, c. 22 §1 If any Person..set Fire to..any Hovel, Cock, Mow, or Stack of Corn, Straw, Hay or Wood. 1782Barker in Phil. Trans. LXXII. 282 Some of the pease, which were either not got in, or the hovels not thatched, when the great rain came September 2. 1881Leicestersh. Gloss., Hovel-frame, a ‘stack-frame’, the wooden frame or platform on which stacks or ricks are built up.
▪ II. ˈhovel, n.2
[ad. Du. heuvel, MDu. hövel, in Kilian hovel ‘hill’, also ‘hump, boss, knob’.]
The bump on the top of a whale's head.
1694Acc. Sev. Late Voy. ii. 126 He hath also an Hoffel [printed Hossel] on his Head like a Whale. Ibid. 134 Upon his Head is the Hovel or Bump before the Eyes and Finns. 1821R. Turner Arts & Sc. (ed. 18) 203 Its head is about one third part of its whole length, on the top..is what they call the hovel or bump; in this are two spout-holes.
▪ III. hovel, v.1
[f. hovel n.1]
a. trans. To shelter as in a hovel or shed.
1583Stanyhurst æneis iv. (Arb.) 98 They shal be in darcknes al hooueld. 1605Shakes. Lear iv. vii. 39 To houell thee with Swine and Rogues forlorne.
b. To provide with a roof or covering.
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. ix. 400/2 Round Towers, Hoveled or Roofed.
c. (Archit.) To form like an open hovel or shed; as, ‘to hovel a chimney’.
1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. Gloss. 586/2 Hoveling, carrying up the sides of a chimney, so that when the wind rushes over the mouth, the smoke may escape below the current or against any one side of it. 1858Skyring's Builders' Prices (ed. 48) 71 Chimney pots..Hovilled second size..7s.
d. intr. To stack corn in a ‘hovel’. dial.
1744–50W. Ellis Mod. Husbandm. V. i. 5 (E.D.S.) Be sure never to want a hand that can hovel; that is, a man who is capable of placing wheat-sheaves or other corn on a hovel, so as to lie in that advantageous position as is necessary to prevent the damage of weather.
▪ IV. hovel, v.2
[Etymology uncertain: perh. a back-formation from hoveller, q.v.]
a. intr. To pursue the occupation of a hoveller.
b. trans. To bring (a vessel) into harbour, moor and unload it, etc. Hence hovelling vbl. n., the business of a hoveller, piloting.
1880Chambers' Encycl. III. 445/2 s.v. Deal, The chief branches of industry are..boat-building, sail-making, piloting or hovelling [etc.]. 1891J. Simson Historic Thanet 110 Hovelling and Foying are to a great extent synonymous terms. The latter has been described as ‘going off to ships with provisions, and assisting them when in distress’; the same definition may with some amplification be applied to hovelling. 1891Elworthy Let. to Editor 8 May, To hovel or hobble a vessel is to do the rough work of helping to bring her into harbour—mooring and unloading, &c. It is very unskilled labour. |