| 释义 |
unˈwholesome, a. and n.
[un-1 7. Cf. older Flem. onheylsaem (Kilian), MHG. (G.) unheilsam, ON. úheilsamr (MSw. ohelsamber).]
A. adj.
1. a. Not beneficial, salutary, or conducive to morals, etc.; detrimental or prejudicial to health of mind.
c1200Ormin 7177 And tatt iss eȝȝþerr himm & hemm Unnhalsumm to þe sawle. 1554T. Sampson Let. to Trew Professors A vi b, Where haue ye your ground in the scripture for this your vnholsome housell. 1657Hobbes Absurd Geom. 16 You..can not expect to publish any unholesome doctrine without some Antidotes from me. 1888H. M. Stanley in Standard (1889) 6 Apr., All unwholesome and evil conjectures. 1889Times 8 Apr. 9/1 A mischievous demagogue who has acquired an unwholesome popularity by discreditable methods. 1900L. B. Walford One of Ourselves xiv, They are keen on doing anything they shouldn't, anything improper and unwholesome.
b. Not promoting or conducive to, harmful or prejudicial to, well-being, good condition, soundness, etc.; hurtful, noxious.
a1400–50Alexander 4387 Þe kind of þire customs we kepe euire-mare, Þe quilk, I hope, ser, þe to hald vnhalesom it ware. 1628May Virg. Georg. i. 6 Nor is't unwholesome to subdue the Land By often exercise. 1664Butler Hud. ii. i. 794 I'd be loath..To free your heels by any course, That might b' unwholesome to your Spurs. 1787Winter Syst. Husb. 84 When waters remain..on the ground which..produce rank unwholesome weeds. 1812Byron Ch. Har. i. liii, And must they fall..To swell one bloated Chief's unwholesome reign? 1828Scott F.M. Perth xiii, Perhaps farther stay were unwholesome for my safety.
2. Not favourable to or promoting good health; not salubrious, wholesome, or healthful; injurious to health:
a. Of food, etc.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 9115 He willede of an lampreye to ete, Ac is leches him vorbode vor it was vnholsom mete. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 475 Þe mynging of þes þingis is vnholsum to man to take. c1440Pallad. on Husb. ix. 187 The water that gooth thorgh the leden penne Is rust corrupt, vnholsum. c1455Pecock Folewer 22 To men is ȝouun þe witt of smellyng, bi which þei schulen knowe sumwhat afer what bodies ben vnholsom to be take vnto her nurischyng. 1482Caxton Polycron. iii. xxxi. 152 b, That vnholsomme mete that he hadde eten at soper. 1528Paynell Salerne's Regim. E ij b, Salte meate..is vnholsome for sicke folkes. 1577Googe Heresbach's Husb. 146 A grosse vnholsome kinde of milke. 1622Peacham Compl. Gent. xv. 193 Hauing your..reputation abased, while you sit taking your vnwholesome healthes. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Wars 473 Their flesh they found to be unwholsom for food. 1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 65 Its water is unwholsom to drink. 1774Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772, 305 Fever..originating from unwholesome food. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xii. III. 233 Leprosies, such as strange and unwholesome diet engenders. 1876Bancroft Hist. U.S. III. viii. 122 Sick at heart, and enfeebled by unwholesome diet.
transf.1855Orr's Circ. Sci., Inorg. Nat. 202 The water cannot be in any other than an unwholesome state, and unfit for general use.
b. Of places, conditions, etc.
c1455Pecock Folewer 22 Þe witt of smellyng, bi which þei schulen knowe..what bodies ben vnholsom if with hem þei maken her nyȝ dwellyng. a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Q j b, For meate corrupteth in an vnholsome potte. 1579Stevens in Hakluyt Voyages (1589) 160 Raine so vnholesome, that if the water stand a little while, all is full of wormes. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage 486 Alexandria is very vnholesome, as the graue of that Alexandria we before mentioned. 1653in Verney Mem. (1904) I. 551 Unwholesome smells..and most noysome stinks. 1718Berkeley Jrnl. Tour Italy Wks. 1871 IV. 592 A small river seemed to render it marshy and unwholesome. 1779Mirror No. 41 ⁋5 The vicinity of..the lake..she was sure must be extremely unwholesome. 1847G. Harris Life Ld. Hardwicke I. 207 The walls were not dry, but very damp and unwholesome. 1859Dickens T. Two Cities i. ii, As the waves of an unwholesome sea might do. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 707 Unwholesome ship,..a sugar ship diverted from her former trade, and not properly cleansed.
c. Of climate, air, etc.
1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 87 The great heate and vnholsome ayer. 1592Breton Pilgr. Paradise Wks. (Grosart) I. 14/1 Shee bit her taile, with such vnholsome breath, As..stung her selfe to death. 1653W. Ramesey Astrol. Restored 267 It shews..unwholsom infectious Mists. c1690in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. I. 139 The air is most unwholesome, and agrees very ill with him. 1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 64 Any very deep Valley reaking with unwholsome Steams. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 750 The atmosphere is very hot, moist and unwholesome. 1825Scott Talism. vi, The alternations of the unwholesome climate. 1859Landor Hellenics 26 Why should we stand beneath This hollow tree's unwholesome breath?
3. a. Of persons: Not sound in respect of morals, character, etc.; morally tainted or corrupted.
c1374Chaucer Troylus iv. 330 O olde, vnholsom and mysbyleued man. 1602Shakes. Ham. iv. v. 82 The people muddied, Thicke and vnwholsome in their thoughts and whispers.
b. Not sound in health; diseased, infirm, sick.
1656Osborn Adv. Son i. 33 Fly, with Joseph, the Embraces of great Ladyes; lest you..see your leggs rot in the stocks of the Physitian: they being often unwholsome. 1732Arbuthnot Rules of Diet (1736) 415 Children born healthy, often contract the Disease from an unwholsom Nurse. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair lxi, An unwholesome little Miss of seven years of age.
transf.1847C. Brontë J. Eyre i, Large and stout,..with a dingy and unwholesome skin. 1889Mrs. Oliphant Poor Gentleman xliv, Those white, unwholesome, greasy hands.
Comb.1858Househ. Words XVIII. 519/2 A middling-sized man, with a sharp, unwholesome-looking face.
†c. Naut. (See quot.) Obs.
1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. xi. 52 If she draw little water and be long, she may try and ride well, but neuer hull well, which is called an vnwholsome ship. [1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 707.]
†4. Sc. Ugly; repulsive. Obs.—1
c1480Henryson Fables, Paddock & Mouse 64 Thocht I vnhailsum be to luke vpon.
5. Impaired; defective. rare—1.
1604Shakes. Oth. iv. i. 124 Prythee beare Some Charitie to my wit, do not thinke it So vnwholesome.
B. n. An unwholesome thing.
1858Brit. Q. Rev. LVI. 358 We find him [Lilly]..leaving..Neve and Wodehouse to provide, as usual, tables of the wholesomes and unwholesomes.
Hence unˈwholesomely adv.
c1455Pecock Folewer 51 It is science to knowe..what metis..wole nurische vs vnholsomli. 1563Foxe A. & M. 1712/2 Madam, you were best to come out of the raine. For you sit vnwholesomlye. 1628Wither Brit. Rememb. viii. 199 Thy Children oft unwholsomly are fed. 1860F. Nightingale Nursing 10 The air..unwholesomely close and foul. 1875Helps Soc. Press. xiii. 174 The eyes of an unwholesomely curious world. |