| 释义 |
▪ I. † upˈbraid, n. Obs.
Forms: α. 3 upbreid, -bræid, 4 -breyd(e, 4–5 -breide; 3– upbraid (5 Sc. upbrad), 4–6 upbraide, 5–7 upbrayde (6 -brayed). β. 4 vbbreid(e, obbrayd, 6 obbraid, obrayd, 7 ubbrayd.
[f. up- 2 + braid n. 1. Cf. the verb, also umbraid n. and upbrud.]
1. With a and pl. A reproach or reproof.
αa1200Vices & Virtues 41 [Job was assailed] mid maniȝe euele upbreides..of his auene frienden. a1300Cursor M. 5673 Moyses for þis vp-braid Was stonand in his hert. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 219 In ȝow a faute men fynde, & is an ille vpbraid, þat ȝe ere nere blynde. c1449Pecock Repr. ii. xvi. 247 Alle the vpbreidis and alle the reproues which Holi Writ ȝeueth to the worschipers of tho ymagis. 1482Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 106 Vexyd with tormentys and vpbraydys of seche wekyd folke. 1549Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. 1 Tim. 11 Not onely any naughtye faulte but also any false feyned vpbrayed. 1575Brieff Disc. Troub. Franckford (1846) 84 They coulde haue nothing with owte bytter upbraids. 1641Vind. Smectymnuus 9 It is no envious upbraid to parallell ours with the former Bishops. 1677tr. Groeneveldt's Treat. Stone 61 Moved at length by the upbraids of the Parents,..he made incision in the groin.
β1325Metr. Hom. in Herrig's Archiv LVII. 243/1 Of fendes hedde I mony vbbreide. 1575Laneham Let. (1907) 17 With spitefull obrayds and vncharitabl chaffings alweiz they freat. a1603T. Cartwright Confut. Rhem. N.T. (1618) 575 Which..you your selues without the ub-brayd of a lie by your own conscience, cannot deny.
2. Without article: Reproach, reproof; evil speaking.
αc1205Lay. 26036 Þa nolde Arður on slepen na wiht hine areppen, leste he an uferre daȝe up-bræid iherde. c1275in Hist. Holy Rood-tree, etc. 78 Skoarn, upbraid, and schome speche. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 7996 Bytwyxt to þer a stryf þey herde, Of grete vpbreide ilk oþer onswerde. a1400–50Alexander 1800 Lettis neuire it broȝt be on brade for vpbraide of schame. c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 395 As it is showed afore, beware of vpbrayde. 1591Spenser M. Hubberd 2 For disdaine of sinfull worlds vpbraide. 1596― F.Q. iv. ix. 24 Through lewd vpbraide Of Ate and Duessa they fell out.
βc1325Spec. Gy Warw. 537 Ȝif þi neiheboure misdoþ þe,..Or in dede, or in vbbreid. a1400New Test. (Paues) Heb. xi. 26 Trowynge þe obbrayd of Crist grettour rychesse þan þe tresour of Egypcyenes. 1548Patten Exped. Scotl. Pref. b iv b, So maye the subiect without obbraid of benefites, recount the bounty of hys Princes larges.
▪ II. upbraid, v.|ʌpˈbreɪd|
Forms: α. 1 upbredan, 3–4 upbreyde (5 -dyn), 4 -breide(n; 4–7 upbrayde (6 wp-), -braide, 4– upbraid (7 -brayd), 5 uppe-, 6 upbrade; pa. tense and pa. pple. 3, 6 op-, 6–7 upbraid (4 -brayde, 5 -brayd, -brayed), 3–4 upbreide, 4–5 -breyde. β. 5 vbbreydyn, 6 obbrayd, -braid; 5 (pa. tense) obreide, 6–7 obrayde, 7 obraid.
[OE. upbreᵹdan, f. up- up- 4 + breᵹdan braid v.1: cf. MSw. up-, op-, o(b)- brygdha. See also braid v.2, abraid v.1 and v.2, embraid v.1, imbraid v., and umbraid v.
The orig. strong pa. tense (upbraid) gave rise to the reduced form upbray v.]
I.
†1. trans. To bring forward, adduce, or allege (a matter), as a ground for censure or reproach. Orig. const. with dative of person, later with to or against. Obs.
For the use of up- in this connexion cf. the Scottish and northern to cast up to (one), cast v. 83 i, the modern to bring up against (one), and the dial. to throw up against.
αc1000Wulfstan Hom. 248 Þæt þu þæt god ᵹefylle, þe þu canst, þe læs þe [v.r. eow] God upbrede þone godspellican cwide [etc.]. a1225Ancr. R. 426 Þe ancre neuer more þer efter þene ilke gult ne upbreide hire. a1250Owl & Night. 1414 Ne schal no mon wymman bigrede & fleysses lustes hire vpbreyde. c1290Beket 1748 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 156 Wel ofte þe king him opbraid þat he dude him er of guode. 1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 240 Lest the others might thynke niggardship to bee upbraided unto hym, and cast in his teeth. 1583Golding Calvin on Deut. clxxii. 1068 It shall bee vpbraided vs that wee haue turned our heartes backe. 1625Bacon Ess., Envy (Arb.) 513 It doth vpbraid vnto them their owne Fortunes; And pointeth at them. 1631Gouge God's Arrows iii. §60. 294 This is not upbraided to David as a crime. 1672Dryden Defence of Epilogue ⁋2 It was upbraided to that excellent poet, that he was [etc.]. 1718Prior Solomon i. 293 May they not justly to our Climes upbraid Shortness of Night, and Penury of Shade.
β1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 343 That we purge ourselves of the cryme of novelty, falsly obbraydid agaynst us by Osorius. 1602R. T. Five Godlie Serm. 143 First reproouing them of errour, and afterwards obraiding against them the cause thereof.
b. Without personal const.: To censure, find fault with, carp at.
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 61/271 For ȝwane ani Man opbraid is pouerte, he was in gret deliȝt. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 672 Þey scorne Ihesu, and vpbreyde hys pyn. 1382Wyclif Ecclus. xx. 15 Fewe thingus he shal ȝyue, and manye thingus he shal vpbreiden. a1586Sidney Arcadia ii. x, How much doth thy kindnesse upbraide my wickednesse? 1591Spenser Ruines of Time 215 His hope is faild,..And euill men, now dead, his deeds vpbraid. 1655John Sergeant Schism Disarm'd 331 On all occasions you are still up[b]raiding the liberty given to Papists. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 182 Thy self not free,..Yet leudly dar'st our ministring upbraid. 1719Young Busiris ii. i, What far transcends my merit, and for ever Must silently upbraid my little worth. 1741Richardson Pamela IV. 105 Mr. Clerimont then upbraids her Guilt. 1792Wordsw. Descrip. Sk. 251 There doth the maiden watch her lover's sail Approaching, and upbraid the tardy gale. 1821J. Baillie Metr. Leg., Lady of B. Introd. 22 For who can these as meaner times upbraid, Who think of Saragossa's valiant maid? 1867Emerson May-day 621 Who can, like thee, our rags upbraid?
β1591G. Fletcher Russe Commw. 66 The Chrim..sent to the Russe Emperour a knife:..obbraiding this losse, and his desperate case. 1635Habington Castara i. (ed. 2) 58 Why are their rimes So steept in gall? Why so obrayde the times?
†c. To insult. Obs.—1
1678South Serm. (1679) 173 The case is so plain, that I shall not upbraid any mans understanding by endeavouring to give it any farther Illustration.
2. To reproach, reprove, censure (a person, etc.). Occas. const. for, or that.
αa1300Cursor M. 16718 Þe theif þat biside him hang..him can vp-braid. a1340Hampole Psalter xxxiv. 8 Outrageusly þai vpbraidid my saule. c1374Chaucer Troylus v. 1710 O Pandarus, that in dremes for to triste Me blamed hast, and wont art ofte vp breyde. c1412Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 3500 A sad wys knyght of his with lokkes greye..seide Vnto his lord, and þus he hym vp breyde. 1482Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 72 Sche vsyd inpacyently to scolde and vpbrayde hem that dyd her wronge. 1530Palsgr. 784 Yet to upbrayde hym afore folkes is none honestye. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. iv. i. 55, I did vpbraid her, and fall out with her. 16001st Pt. Sir J. Oldcastle i. ii. 6 Grieuous complaints haue past betweene the lippes Of enuious persons to vpbraide the Cleargy. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Wars 291 Queen Elizabeth recall'd all her Souldiers,..not without upbraiding the States. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 507 He sadly stands,..Upbraiding Heav'n from whence his Lineage came. a1721Sheffield (Dk. Buckhm.) Wks. (1753) I. 267 Has she spread wit and learning thro' the world,..And is she now upbraided? 1782F. Burney Cecilia vii. ix, All present were upbraided as if accomplices in the disaster. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 109 On hearing these words, I abstained from upbraiding her. 1872Darwin Emotions vii. 186 As she upbraided him, her eyebrows became extremely oblique.
refl.1789Boswell Lett. (1924) 373, I cried bitterly and upbraided myself for leaving her. 1831Scott Ct. Rob. xxxiv, She upbraids herself that..she had also survived Irene.
βc1412Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. (Roxb.) 62 Pharao clept Abraham, & hym obreide [v.r. ubreyde]. c1440Promp. Parv. 508/1 Vbbreydyn, or vpbreydyn, impropero. 1648J. Howell tr. Venice Looking-glass 8 He might well..have obraided her in the same words as Henry the 3. did upbraid Paris.
b. Const. † of or with (the cause of censure).
(a)a1250Prov. Alfred 279 in O.E. Misc. 118 Heo ne scholde þe forþ vp-breyde of þine baleu-syþes. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 724 Þe pyne, he suffred for þy gode, And þou vpbreydyst hym of þe rode. c1330― Chron. Wace (Rolls) 11665 Þey vpbraide vs of our auncessours. c1374Chaucer Anel. & Arc. 118 Lest he of eny vntrouthe her vpbreyde. 1584Lodge Alarum Wks. (Hunter. Cl.) I. 28 Trust not to straungers, for they will vpbraide you of their benefite.
(b)c1440Alph. Tales 318 Þis preste..tolde hur cowncell, & vpbrayed hur þerwith. 1482Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 67 The mynystrys and wykyd angellys of the deuylle vpbraydyn me with the same. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 346 This nickname of newe Gospellers (wherewith the Catholickes doe obbrayd us). 1596Warner Alb. Eng. x. liv. 244 Yeat not her Infancie should be vpbraided with the blood Of many thousand slaughtred Soules. 1640Habington Edw. IV, 150 Obrayding the King with inglorious sloath. 1679J. Goodman Penit. Pard. iii. iv. 317 It is said..Cæsar's thoughts continually upbraided him with the great exploits Alexander had effected. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. (Globe) 503, I began to upbraid them with the just Retribution of Heaven in this Case. 1774J. Bryant Mythol. I. 141 Peor, the same with whose rites the Israelites are so often upbraided. 1843A. Bethune Sc. Fireside Stor. 100 [He] upbraided her with a wish to bring him to an ignominious death.
c. absol. To speak reproachfully.
a1340Hampole Psalter xli. 14 Whils my banes ere brokyn, [they] vpbrayded til me. 1382Wyclif Jas. i. 5 God, the which ȝiueth to alle men largeli, and vpbraydith not. c1410Lanterne of Liȝt 10 Þanne þis enviouse man sclaundriþ, vpbreidiþ, reproueþ. 1596Spenser F.Q. v. vii. 32 Proud Radigund,..thus vpbrayding, said. a1628Preston Mt. Ebal (1638) 28 He giveth liberally, and obraideth not. 1715Pope Iliad ii. 311 Have we not known thee,..The man who acts the least, upbraids the most? 1797S. & Ht. Lee Canterb. T. (1799) I. 185, I come not to upbraid. 1856O. W. Holmes Birthday of D. Webster xvi, In vain the envious tongue upbraids; His name a nation's heart shall keep.
II.
†3. To cast, pull, or set up. Obs.
c1205Lay. 16519 And seoððe he hine up bræid, swulc he hine to-breken wolde. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 781 Þe bryge was breme vp-brayde. c1450Holland Houlate 680 The Falcoune..Bad birnis burdis vp braid, with a blyth cheir.
†4. intr. To come out of a swoon; to start up, spring up. Obs.
14..Chaucer's Sqr.'s T. 477 (Petworth MS.), After þat she of swowne gan vpbreide. 1448–9J. Metham Wks. (1916) 69/1869 And with þat word bothe deede bodyis vp-brayd. 1513Douglas æneis i. iv. 36 Quhill al in flamb the bleis of fyir upbradis.
†5. trans. To give utterance to. Obs.—1
1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1016/2 This woman..beginneth to vpbraid in the open church verie hard and vnseemelie speeches concerning religion.
6. Of food:
a. To make uneasy with repletion or indigestion. Now dial.
1599Nashe Lenten Stuffe F iv b, Because, in the boyling or seathing of it in his maw, he felt it commotion a little and vpbraide him. 1601B. Jonson Poetaster, Apol. Dial. 24 Their spight..who..Haue nothing left, but the vnsau'ry smoake Of their blacke vomit, to vpbrayd themselues. 1664J. C. Praxis Lat. Syntax 118 The fried egge and bacon that I did eat..upbraideth my stomach. 1841R. W. Hamilton Nugae Lit. 340 The grossness of the food..upbraids him. 1866–in dial. glossaries (Yks., Linc.).
b. intr. To rise in the stomach. Now dial.
Cf. earlier quots. s.v. upbraiding vbl. n. 3.
1604R. Cawdrey Table Alph. 1787Grose Provinc. Gloss. s.v., My dinner upbraids. 1824–in dial. use (Yks., Linc.).
Hence upˈbraided ppl. a.
1700Dryden Wife of Bath's T. 458 If Poverty be my upbraided Crime. ― Ilias i. 490 His upbraided Mother. 1748Richardson Clarissa II. 305 The upbraider..is in some sense a superior; while the upbraided, if with reason upbraided, must make a figure as spiritless as conscious. |