| 释义 |
Hungarian, a. and n.|hʌŋˈgɛərɪən|
[f. med.L. Hungaria Hungary.]
A. adj.
1. a. Of, belonging to, or native of Hungary. Applied to things orig. made or reared in Hungary, as Hungarian horse, H. leather; Hungarian balsam, the resinous product of the Carpathian pine, Pinus Mugho or Pumilio; Hungarian bonnet or Hungarian cap, the shell of a marine gastropod mollusc, Capulus ungaricus; Hungarian bowls, a kind of amalgamating machine, orig. used in the gold mines of Schemnitz; Hungarian grass U.S. (obs.), the forage grass, foxtail millet, Setaria italica; Hungarian machine, a hydraulic machine on the principle of Hero's fountain: see quot.; Hungarian water, Hungary water.
1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa ii. 48 The Hungarian coine is round. 1632Lithgow Trav. ix. 415 The Hungarian miles are the longest upon earth. a1688Villiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Ep. To Julian Wks. 1705 II. 92 Such Carbuncles..As no Hungarian Water can Redress. 1829Nat. Philos., Hydraulics ii. 17 (U.K.S.) The Hungarian machine, so called from its having been employed in draining a mine at Chemnitz, in Hungary, produces its action by the condensation of a confined portion of air produced by the descent of a high Column of water contained in a pipe. 1845Encycl. Metrop. VII. 288/2 In the Hungarian Bonnet, Pileopsis Ungarica, the tip of the shell seems to drop backwards and downwards. 1854P. H. Gosse Nat. Hist. Mollusca 212 The only British species [of Pileopsis] is commonly known by the appellation of Torbay Bonnet..; it also bears the names of Fools-cap Limpet, Cap of Liberty, and Hungarian Bonnet. 1859Guide Illinois Central Railroad Lands 34 Hungarian Grass. This cereal, first introduced by the Hungarian exiles, is becoming a favorite with the farmers. 1882Garden 13 May 322/1 Hungarian Lilac will shortly be in bloom. 1883Rep. Indian Affairs 23 About 12 acres were planted with Hungarian grass. 1901E. Step Shell Life 220 The Hungarian Cap or Cap of Liberty (Capulus hungaricus) is shaped much like the cap of Liberty, the beak or apex being spirally curved back. 1971S. P. Dance Seashells 103/2 A thick periostracum is a characteristic feature of some cap shells and is well seen in the Hungarian Cap.
b. Pertaining to Hungary, as Hungarian band, a band specializing in the performance of Hungarian music; Hungarian point, Hungarian stitch (see quot. 1934).
1882B. Potter Jrnl. 2 July (1966) 19 Mr. Edwin Lawrence had the Hungarian Band last week... They are mostly string instruments. 1894G. du Maurier Trilby III. viii. 133 A large photograph..of Svengali, in the military uniform of his own Hungarian band. 1907Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 1055 Blue Hungarian Band... Handsome National Uniforms... Any number from 4 to 30 may be engaged. 1921A. G. I. Christie Samplers & Stitches vii. 99 Hungarian stitch... The stitch illustrated in the diagram is often seen in canvas embroidery, used for filling in a background whilst, perhaps, Tent or Cross stitch works out the intricacies of the pattern. 1932D. C. Minter Mod. Needlecraft 60/1 Some geometric all-over pattern, such as Hungarian stitch. 1934M. Thomas Dict. Embroidery Stitches 125 Hungarian stitch, a Canvas Stitch which produces a most attractive pattern, and may be worked either all in one colour or in contrasting shades. 1972Country Life 8 June (Suppl.) 50 Queen Anne walnut wing-chair..covered in its original Hungarian point needlework.
†2. Thievish, marauding; needy, beggarly (with play on hungry: cf. B. 2; see Nares). Obs. slang.
1598Shakes. Merry W. i. iii. 23 O base hungarian wight: wilt yu the spigot wield? 1608Merry Devil Edmonton (1617) D iv b, Come yee Hungarian pilchers, we are once more come under the zona torrida of the forest.
B. n.
1. A native or inhabitant of Hungary, a Magyar; a Hungarian horse; the language of Hungary.
1553(title) A dialoge of comfort against tribulacion, made by Syr Thomas More Knyght, and set foorth by the name of an Hungarien. 1615in Devon Iss. Excheq. Jas. I (1836) 318 One other gray gelding, instead of one of the Hungarians given to the Queen. 1668Wilkins Real Char. i. i. §3. 4 The Hungarian [language], used in the greatest part of that Kingdom. 1841W. Spalding Italy & It. Isl. II. 83 Fresh invasions of the Saracens, to whom were now added the Hungarians from the north.
†2. (With play on hunger.) A hungry person, a great eater: cf. A. 2. Obs. slang.
1600–12Rowlands Four Knaves (Percy Soc.) 110 A monstrous eater..Invited..unto a gentleman, Who long'd to see the same hungarian, And note his feeding. 1608Merry Devil Edmonton (1617) C ij, Away, I..must tend the Hungarions. 1632D. Lupton London iii. 12 The middle Ile [of St. Paul's] is much frequented at noone with a Company of Hungarians, not walking so much for Recreation, as neede.
▸ A. adj. Computing. Designating a programming convention for naming functions and variables by which the name of each item begins with a prefix indicating the data type of the item. Chiefly in Hungarian notation.
1988C. Petzold Programming Windows i. 32 Windows programmers often use a notation for variable names that at first looks peculiar... This is often called Hungarian notation in honor of the legendary Microsoft programmer Charles Simonyi. 1991UNIX Rev. Sept. 44/2 If the company requires that copyright notices appear in all source listings and that all global function names use Hungarian notation, then most people would accept such conventions. 1993S. A. Maguire Writing Solid Code p. xxv, Although names like pch are hard to pronounce, they are filled with information—once you understand the ‘Hungarian’ naming convention. 1996Enterprise Syst. Jrnl. 1 Sept. (Electronic ed.) Hungarian Notation is also used for object and method names. It is commonly used in OOT [sc. Object-oriented Technology], especially in C and C++. 2000JavaWorld (Nexis) Mar. Local variable names begin with uppercase letters or inconsistently use Hungarian notation (in which the dadatype is part of the variable name).
▸ B. n. Computing. With reference to the nationality of Charles Simonyi (b. 1948), Hungarian-born programmer, who developed this style of programming in the early 1970s; perhaps after Polish notation n. at Polish n.1 and adj. Special uses; see also quot. 1986 = Hungarian notation at Additions.
1986S. Lammers Programmers at Work 13 It's called ‘Hungarian’ as a joke... The joke is that the code is so unreadable, it might as well be written in Hungarian. 1993S. A. Maguire Writing Solid Code p. xxvii, In formal Hungarian, function names always start with a capital letter. 1994Data Based Advisor Sept. 42 If you call today's simple Xbase prefix notation ‘Hungarian’ you're showing that you don't have much experience. Simonyi's notation is real Hungarian. |