| 释义 |
▪ I. hydrate, n. Chem.|ˈhaɪdrət|
Also hydrat.
[f. Gr. ὕδωρ, ὑδρ- water + -ate1 1 c. Cf. F. hydrate.]
A compound of water with another compound or an element, e.g. hydrate of chlorine. Formerly, and still by some, applied also to a hydroxide, e.g. KOH, potassium hydrate; NH4OH, ammonium hydrate.
1802Smithson in Phil. Trans. XCIII. 23 A peculiar compound of zinc and water, which may be named hydrate of zinc. 1807T. Thomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 104 The attention of chemists was drawn to them by Mr Proust, who has given to such combinations the name of hydrates. 1822J. Imison Sc. & Art II. 20 An oxide combined with water is called a hydrat. 1871Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (1879) I. xviii. 459 Faraday analysed the hydrate of chlorine. 1876Harley Mat. Med. (ed. 6) 171 Hydrate of lime is formed whenever water is sprinkled upon caustic lime. 1889Muir & Morley Watts' Dict. Chem. II. 703/2 The compound Cl5H2O is a hydrate of Cl, i.e. it is a compound of Cl with water. Ibid., Another way of stating the theoretical difference between hydrates and hydroxides is to say that hydrates contain water as such, and that hydroxides contain the elements of water.
▪ II. hydrate, v.|ˈhaɪdreɪt|
[f. prec. Cf. F. hydrater.]
a. trans. To combine chemically with water; to convert into a hydrate.
1850Daubeny Atom. The. viii. (ed. 2) 252 Acidified by 3 atoms of oxygen, and hydrated by the addition to each of 1 atom of water. 1897Allbutt Syst. Med. II. 814 The gland cells manufacture a ferment—pepsine or trypsine—which..hydrates the albumins, forming albumoses.
b. intr. To undergo hydration, to become combined with water.
1909in Webster. 1921J. R. Partington Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. xl. 846 The residue of anhydrous CaSO4 rapidly takes up water, but if the heating has been more intense the residue hydrates only very slowly. 1947R. H. Bogue Chem. Portland Cement xxv. 435 Complete hydration..was obtained by mixing the compounds with water to form a plastic paste, allowing the pastes to hydrate in sealed containers for a month, [etc.]. 1962Harris & Gruber in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism Rel. Cataract 382 If the block is sufficient, more sodium is gained than potassium lost and the lens hydrates in a predictable manner. |