| 释义 |
Hyksos, n. pl.|ˈhɪksəʊs|
Also 7–8 Hicsos, Hycsos.
[ad. Gr. Ὑκσώς interpreted by Manetho either as ‘shepherd kings’ or as ‘captive shepherds’, ad. Egyptian heqa khoswe chief of foreign lands.]
A people of mixed Semitic-Asiatic stock, probably including a proportion of Habiru, who gave their name to the fifteenth Egyptian Dynasty (1650–1558 b.c.) which ruled the eastern delta. Also attrib. or as adj.
1602T. Lodge tr. Josephus' Works 769 This nation was called Hicsos, which signifieth Kings shepheards,..but in other coppies I find that Hicsos, is not interpreted kings shepheards, but shepheards that were captiues. 1743W. Stukeley Abury xiii. 78 The shepherds who quitted Egypt, under the conduct of our Hercules, call'd themselves Hycsi, as Manethon informs us in Josephus & Eusebius in chronol. The word imports royal shepherds, valiant, freemen, heroes. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. V. l. 184 Under the name of Hycsos, the shepherd kings, they had formerly subdued Egypt. 1877Encycl. Brit. VII. 735/1 The invasion and conquest, at least in part, of Egypt by the Hyksos..is undoubtedly the chief cause of the obscurity of this age. 1899A. H. Sayce Early Israel Introd. p. xxv, A Hyksos Pharaoh and his Hebrew vizier. 1931J. G. Duncan Digging up Biblical Hist. II. 163 Hyksos pottery. 1931M. M. Green tr. Schneider's Hist. World Civilization I. ii. 42 Aahmes took the capital of the Hyksos in the Delta about 1580 b.c. 1955E. Pound Section: Rock-Drill xciii. 83 Where the spirit is clear in the stone as against Filth of the Hyksos, butchers of lesser cattle. 1957[see dark ages]. 1960K. M. Kenyon Archaeol. in Holy Land vii. 184 At the period at which the Hyksos appear in Palestine and Egypt, we have on the move groups of Hurrians and Habiru, and the most probable explanation of the Hyksos is that they were recruited from such bands. 1971Encycl. Judaica VIII. 1142 The Hyksos..attempted to Egyptianize and assimilate Egyptian culture. This synthesis is attested by the Hyksos religion. |