| 释义 |
referential, a.|rɛfəˈrɛnʃəl|
[f. reference, on anal. of inferential, etc.]
a. Having reference (to something); belonging to, or of the nature of, (a) reference; containing a reference or references, etc.
1660Waterhouse Arms & Arm. 21 There are also Families whose bearings are referential to their names, and have a kind of consanguinity with them. a1750A. Hill Wks. II. 157 To compleat your picture..by strong referential proofs of a superiority [etc.]. 1775Sheridan Rivals ii. i, This we call the oath referential, or sentimental swearing. 1806Monthly Mag. XXI. 133 The referential mark..referring to the note annexed.
b. Of or pertaining to a referent (sense 2 b); spec. of language or symbolism: that indicates a referent or has a referent as object.
1884Sir E. E. Kay in Law Times Rep. LII. 88/2 These are referential words, and referential words always receive a liberal construction. 1922T. C. Pollack Nature of Lit. ix. 195 In phatic communion, one person uses words to come into relation with another. In referential symbolism, one person uses words to direct the attention of another to certain referents... In evocative symbolism, one person uses words to evoke a controlled experience in another. 1923Ogden & Richards Meaning of Meaning i. 13 Besides this referential use which for all reflective, intellectual use of language should be paramount, words have other functions which may be grouped together as emotive. Ibid. ix. 318 Unless the referential and the affective-volitional aspects of mental process are clearly distinguished, no discussion of their relation is possible. 1946C. Morris Signs, Lang. & Behavior 60 The current distinction between ‘referential’ and ‘emotive’ terms, a basic distinction in the work of C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards. 1946H. Jacob On Choice of Common Lang. 116 The never entirely separable functions of language roughly classified as ‘emotive’ and ‘referential’. 1964[see extrasomatic a.]. 1964S. Jacobson Adverbial Positions in Eng. i. 38 Several adverbs and adverbial phrases, especially such as express restriction or particularization, refer to, i.e. direct attention to, some particular constituent within the sentence. They may be called referential adverbials, and together with the constituent referred to, which may be a word, phrase, or clause, they form a structure of reference... Thus..‘Only a Person can forgive’.., where only refers to a Person. 1964R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics 29 Word translation, or the finding of lexical equivalents, is easiest..with words in other languages which are such as to have a referential meaning more or less uniform in all cultures. 1971Archivum Linguisticum II. 40 Nor is there any compulsion to believe in the primacy of any subdivision of meaning, for instance in the referential ‘table’-ness of ‘table’. 1980Mind LXXXIX. 601 The truth of the speaker's belief q is neither necessary nor sufficient for the referential use of his definite description.
Hence refeˈrentially adv.
1855Ogilivie Suppl. 1922W. E. Johnson Logic II. 120 Those so-called constants which are dependent upon context are only referentially constant. 1963J. Lyons Structural Semantics iii. 39 Each of the [colour-] terms is referentially, or denotationally, vague in the sense that it denotes an area of the spectrum whose boundaries are not fixed precisely. 1966Philos. Rev. LXXV. 11 Some of Socrates' substitutions are within intensional or referentially opaque contexts. 1975Nature 10 Apr. 510/1 [He] is not bound by referentially constrained situations in his use of VIC [sc. Visual Communication, a therapeutic programme]. 1980Mind LXXXIX. 599 Has the definite description been used referentially? No doubt the students took it in the attributive way... They do not even realize that the teacher intends his description referentially. |