| 释义 |
Alpine, a. and n.|ˈælpaɪn|
[ad. L. alpīnus, f. Alpes Alps: see -ine.]
A. adj.
1. Of or pertaining to the Alps; hence, of any lofty mountains.
1607Topsell Four-footed Beasts (1673) 405 The Alpine Mouse taketh her name from the Alpes..The Italians call it Marmota. 1759B. Stillingfleet Econ. Nat. in Misc. Tracts (1762) 69 Alpine plants..ripen their seeds very early. 1845Darwin Voy. Nat. xvi. (1858) 359 This animal [Vicuna] is pre-eminently alpine in its habits. 1847Grote Greece III. xxv. 8 Mountains which rise..to an alpine height. 1861Pratt Flower. Pl. IV. 90 Alpine Speedwell..is found only on the Highland mountains. 1861Hook Lives Abps. I. vii. 402 He..perished in the Alpine snows.
2. Designating a physical or racial type (see quots.).
1899W. Z. Ripley Races of Europe (1900) iv. 72 The great central highland seemed indeed to constitute a veritable focus of this peculiar physical type... This geographical characterization of the broad-headed variety entitled it, in our opinion, to be called the Alpine type, in distinction from the two others above mentioned [sc. the Teutonic and the Mediterranean]. 1921E. Sapir Language x. 225 The mass of the German-speaking population..belong to..the shorter, darker-complexioned, short-headed Alpine race... The distribution of these ‘Alpine’ populations corresponds in part to that of the old continental ‘Celts’. 1934R. Benedict Patterns of Culture (1935) i. 11 The so-called race line..is held to divide the people of Baden from those of Alsace, though in bodily form they alike belong to the Alpine sub-race.
3. Comb. Alpine anemone, a small blue flower indigenous to mountain areas in N.E. America and Europe, now widely introduced elsewhere; Alpine club, one for alpinists; Alpine fir, a tall tree (Abies lasiocarpa), indigenous to the mountains of western North America; Alpine hat, a soft felt hat with a brim and low crown, often sporting a feather or other ornament, typically worn in the Alpine regions; Alpine rose: see rose n. 3 b and cf. alpenrose.
1892C. M. Yonge Old Woman's Outlook 49 The garden shows their blue brother, the Alpine anemone.
1859Alpine Club [see club n. 14]. 1864Trollope Can you forgive Her? I. v. 33 What fine fellows those Alpine club men think themselves.
1900W. Robinson Eng. Flower Garden (ed. 8) 407/1 A. Lasiocarpa (Alpine Fir)—A beautiful spire-like tree 150 feet high with white bark, and very small cones, purple, 2 to 3 inches long, and red male flowers..Alaska, B. Columbia.
1901G. B. Shaw Capt. Brassbound's Conversion i. in Three Plays for Puritans 232 Drinkwater comes from the house with an Italian dressed in a much worn suit of blue serge, a dilapidated Alpine hat, and boots laced with scraps of twine. 1967‘T. Wells’ What should you know of Dying? ix. 99 Dolph parked his Alpine hat on a chair.
B. n.
1. (Also with small initial.) An Alpine plant, or one that grows on high ground; also, such a plant grown in rock-gardens, etc. So alpine frame, alpine garden, alpine house.
1830B. Maund Bot. Gard. III. No. 234 Onosma taurica. A plant of it may also be kept in a pot amongst the alpines. 1841J. W. Loudon Ladies' Comp. Fl. Gard. (1846) 257 Of such plants as Saxifrages or other Alpines. 1881Encycl. Brit. XII. 250/1 Many of the little alpines may be brought into the front line planted between suitable pieces of stone, or they may be..placed on an artificial rockery. Ibid. 290/1 Give abundance of air to the greenhouse, conservatory, and alpine frame in mild weather. 1907R. J. Farrer My Rock-garden 26 Arenaria gothica justly heads the list of our alpines. 1925E. F. Norton Fight for Everest 1924 viii. 162 As we descended, the lichens, starveling grasses and dwarf alpines rapidly succeeded each other and in turn gave way to larger growths. 1933Jrnl. R. Hort. Soc. LVIII. 223 With the development of the alpine house..it would be possible to grow numbers of them. 1951Dict. Gardening (R. Hort. Soc.) (ed. 2) I. 86/1 Alpine Garden.
2. A racial type. (Cf. adj. 2.)
1916Madison Grant Passing of Great Race (1917) iv. 120 The Alpines are of stocky build and moderately short of stature. 1922A. J. Toynbee Western Question in Greece & Turkey vi. 113 The Central Asian ‘Mongoloid’ type is found in Anatolia, but it is rare, and the great mass of the Turkish-speaking peasantry are ‘Alpines’. 1935Huxley & Haddon We Europeans v. 152 The Alpines (Eurasiatics), who are of medium build, rather dark, and broad-headed.
▸ Alpine touring n. Skiing a style of skiing originating in the Alps, characterized by long-distance journeys over mountainous terrain, typically using wide skis with bindings which can be set either to allow the heel to move (when climbing) or to lock it in place (for descents).
1969Chicago Tribune 21 Nov. iii. 8/4 Standard downhill skis are used for *Alpine touring but, for the uphill walk, a covering of animal skin is attached to the bottom of the ski for traction, and the heel of the boot is left free. 1990Countryside Winter ii. 164/1 The two types of skiing most practical for this kind of backcountry camping trip are telemark and Alpine touring. 2006Esquire (Electronic ed.) Apr. 112 The beauty of alpine touring skis is, your heels unlock for cross-country push power, then click back in for downhill stability. |