| 释义 |
iconoclast, n. (a.)|aɪˈkɒnəklæst|
[ad. late L. īconoclastēs, a. late Gr. εἰκονοκλάστης, f. εἰκών icon + -κλάστης breaker. Cf. F. iconoclaste (17th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
1. A breaker or destroyer of images; spec. (Eccl. Hist.) one who took part in or supported the movement in the 8th and 9th centuries, to put down the use of images or pictures in religious worship in the Christian churches of the East; hence, applied analogously to those Protestants of the 16th and 17th centuries who practised or countenanced a similar destruction of images in the churches.
[1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. v. 269 A counsel of thrie hunder and fiftie Bischopis haldne at Nice against the secte of Jmagebrekeris, thair name Jconoclastæ.] 1641Hinde J. Bruen xxvi. 80 So did Pope Gregory the third excommunicate the Emperour Leo, and stamped the name of Iconoclast in his forehead, for breaking downe of Images in the Churches. 1654Jer. Taylor Real Pres. xii. §28. 315, I remember only one thing objected to this testimony of so many bishops, that they were Iconoclasts, or breakers of images, and therefore not to be trusted in any other article. 1782Priestley Corrupt. Chr. I. iv. 385 This new heresy was called that of the Iconoclasts. 1814Southey in Q. Rev. XII. 74 When idolaters turn iconoclasts, they act as if the outrageousness of the one excess were to efface or atone for the folly of the other. 1840Carlyle Heroes vi. (1858) 338 The Puritans..seem mere savage Iconoclasts, fierce destroyers of Forms; but it were more just to call them haters of untrue Forms. 1882E. C. Baber in R. Geog. Soc. Suppl. Papers I. i. 35 The second..is the famous iconoclast who melted down all the bronze idols he could lay hold of.
2. transf. and fig. One who assails or attacks cherished beliefs or venerated institutions on the ground that they are erroneous or pernicious.
1842Mrs. Browning Grk. Chr. Poets (1863) 177 An iconoclast of their idol rhyme. 1866J. Martineau Ess. I. 77 Kant was the great iconoclast. 1874H. R. Reynolds John Bapt. viii. 514 Respectable vices, which take shelter under the eaves of the Church, need nothing so much as the stern iconoclast.
3. attrib. or adj. Of or relating to iconoclasts; iconoclastic.
1685H. More Illustration 298 His excommunicating the Iconoclast Emperours. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. (1809) VII. 13 note, St. John Damascenus was already a monk before the Iconoclast dispute. 1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. II. 25 An iconoclast riot now commenced... The images were torn from the altars, chopped in pieces and burnt. 1847Ld. Lindsay Chr. Art I. 108 The iconoclast reform took place, statues and bas-reliefs were banished from the churches of Greece. |