| 释义 |
▪ I. -id, suffix1
repr. F. -ide, L. -id-us, used to form adjectives, chiefly from verbs with e-stems, as acidus acid, f. acē-re to be sour, āridus arid, fervidus fervid, frīgidus frigid, liquidus liquid, placidus placid, splendidus splendid, stupidus stupid, etc., etc.; but also from a few verbs with i- or consonant stems, as fluidus fluid, f. fluĕre to flow, vīvidus vivid, f. vīvĕre to live; and occas. from substantives, as fūmidus fumid, f. fūmus smoke, morbidus morbid, f. morbus disease, solidus solid, f. solum ground, etc. The earlier Eng. words in -id came through Fr.; on the analogy of these, others have been taken from Latin direct; the suffix is not a living formative in Eng.
▪ II. -id, suffix2
corresp. to F. -ide, in ns. derived from Latin ns. in -is, -id-em, adopted from Greek ns. in -ις, -ιδ-α. Such are carotid (ad. Gr. pl. καρωτίδ-ες), chrysalid, hydatid, parotid, pyramid (cf. F. pyramide). This formative occurs in certain botanical terms, as amaryllid, epacrid, orchid: etymologically these should denote the plants amaryllis, epacris, and orchis respectively, but they are actually used to denote a member of the order of which these are the typical genera (Amaryllid-eæ, Epacrid-aceæ, Orchid-aceæ).
b. Astr. Added to the name of a constellation to form the name of a meteor in a shower having its radiant point in that constellation, as Andromedid, Leonid, Lyraid, Perseid; also more widely used (cf. Bielid).
c. Used as a terminal element in the names of epic poems, as æneid, Heracleid, Thebaïd.
▪ III. -id, suffix3
in zoological appellatives, n. and adj.: (a) formed from Latin names of Families in -id-æ, pl. of -idēs, repr. Gr. -ίδης, patronymic suffix = ‘son of’: as Araneid, a member of the Family Araneidæ. (b) formed from Latin names of Classes, etc., in -id-a, taken as neut. pl. of -idēs = Gr. -ίδης: as Arachnid, a member of the Class Arachnida. Some of the terms have come through Fr. forms in -ide. See -idan.
▪ IV. -id, suffix4
an early spelling of the chemical suffix -ide, still retained by some, esp. in U.S.
▪ V. -id, suffix5
in the nomenclature of mammalian teeth, used to indicate a structure forming part of a tooth in the lower jaw. Cf. hypoconid, hypoconulid.
1897H. F. Osborn in Amer. Naturalist XXXI. 1006 The suffix -id is employed arbitrarily to distinguish the elements of the lower molars from those of the upper. 1949A. S. Romer Vertebr. Body x. 304 The names of specific cones are formed by adding..prefixes..and, where necessary, by suffixes: -ul(e) indicates a minor cusp, and -id a lower jaw element. |