| 释义 |
ideology|aɪdiːˈɒlədʒɪ|
[ad. F. idéologie: see ideo- and -logy.]
1. a. The science of ideas; that department of philosophy or psychology which deals with the origin and nature of ideas. b. spec. Applied to the system of the French philosopher Condillac, according to which all ideas are derived from sensations.
1796W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. XX. 569 Tracy read a paper [at the National Institute of France]..and proposed to call the philosophy of mind, ideology. 1797Monthly Mag. III. 285 Tracy..proposes, that the science which results from this analysis, be named ideology, or the science of ideas, in order to distinguish it from the ancient metaphysics. 1832Sir W. Hamilton Discuss. (1852) 69 Ideologie (more correctly Idealogie)..has in France become the name peculiarly distinctive of that philosophy of mind which exclusively derives our knowledge from the senses. 1852H. Rogers Ess. I. vii. 377 The word ‘ideas’..enters appropriately corrupted in the term ideology, as a name for a system of purely sensational philosophy. 1882T. Davidson tr. Rosmini's Philos. Syst. §10. 22 Ideology undertakes to investigate the nature of human knowledge.
c. The study of the way in which ideas are expressed in language.
1886Proc. Philol. Soc. 4 June p. xliii, Valuable evidence..could be derived from comparative ideology, a branch of the science of language that hitherto had been much neglected.
2. Ideal or abstract speculation; in a depreciatory sense, unpractical or visionary theorizing or speculation.
1813J. Adams Wks. (1856) X. 52 Napoleon has lately invented a word, which perfectly expressed my opinion..He calls the project ideology. 1827Scott Napoleon VI. 251 Ideology, by which nickname the French ruler [Bonaparte] used to distinguish every species of theory, which, resting in no respect upon the basis of self-interest, could, he thought, prevail with none save hot-brained boys and crazed enthusiasts. 1839Carlyle Chartism vi. 148 Does the British reader..call all this unpleasant doctrine of ours ideology? 1881Seeley Bonaparte in Macm. Mag. XLIV. 164/2 He..put aside the whole system of false and confused thinking which had reigned since 1792, and which he called ideology.
3. = idealism 1.
1835J. B. Robertson tr. Schlegel's Philos. Hist. (1846) 64 Infidel science, astonished at her own discoveries, which disconcert alike ideology and materialism.
4. A systematic scheme of ideas, usu. relating to politics or society, or to the conduct of a class or group, and regarded as justifying actions, esp. one that is held implicitly or adopted as a whole and maintained regardless of the course of events. Also Comb.
1909Westm. Gaz. 4 May 10/2 It may be worth while giving some account of the ideology behind the German proposal, and of the details as worked out in the Conservative programme, bearing in mind that it is the scheme of a reactionary Agrarian party. 1936Wirth & Shils tr. K. Mannheim (title) Ideology and Utopia. 1939Auden in I Believe (1940) 22 It is despair at finding a solution to this problem which is responsible for much of the success of Fascist blood-and-soil ideology. 1955E. Shils in Encounter V. 52 (title) The end of ideology? 1966D. Jenkins Educated Society iv. 177 The processes of ideology-formation can go on even in the most high-minded of circles. 1970D. D. Raphael Probl. Pol. Philos. i. 17 Ideology..is usually taken to mean, a prescriptive doctrine that is not supported by rational argument. |