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Vandyke, n.|vænˈdaɪk|
Also 8 Vandike, 8–9 Vandyck; Van Dyke.
[From the name of Sir Anthony Vandyke (Anglicized spelling of Van Dyck), the great Flemish painter (1599–1641).]
1. (With capital initial.) A painting or portrait by Van Dyck.
1751H. Walpole Lett. (1846) II. 395 The whole-length Vandykes went for a song! 1888Mrs. H. Ward R. Elsmere 542 The ball-room, lined with Vandycks and Lelys.
2. A broad lace or linen collar or neckerchief with a deeply cut edge, in imitation of the style of collar freq. depicted in portraits by Van Dyck, forming an article of fashionable dress in the 18th century.
1755Gentl. Mag. XXV. 324 Circling round her iv'ry neck Frizzle out the smart Vandike. 1769Granger Biogr. Hist. Eng., Chas. I, I. 571 Laced handkerchiefs, resembling the large falling band worn by the men, were in fashion among the ladies: this article of dress has been lately revived, and called a Vandyck. 1838Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. (1868) I. 242 One of them..attempts to exchange a worked vandyke.
3. One of a number of deep-cut points on the border or fringe of an article of apparel (see quot. 1882). Usu. in pl.
1827Souvenir I. 151/3 (Stanford), Tulle pelisse, with three vandykes on the shoulders, forming epaulettes. 1831G. R. Porter Silk Manuf. 230 The particular form required whether as vandykes, or scallops, or any other figures. 1858Ladies' Treasury Sept. 185 The body has a bertha cut in vandykes. 1882Caulfeild & Saward Dict. Needlew. 510/1 Vandykes, this term is descriptive of a particular pointed form cut as a decorative border to collars and other portions of wearing apparel, and to the trimmings of dress skirts and bodices.
4. transf. A notched, deeply indented, or zigzag border, edging, or formation.
1846Ruskin Let. Wks. 1909 XXXVI. 64 A bridge..with this pretty vandyke outside by way of variety. 1891Daily News 14 Oct. 2/8 The whole coast is a vandyke of bays and clefts and promontories.
5. techn. (See quot.)
1846Holtzapffel Turning II. 736 (Buhl. work), Brass borders, technically known as vandykes, are worked in narrow slips.
6. = Vandyke beard.
1909in Webster. 1933H. Allen Anthony Adverse III. viii. lix. 949 A carefully trained moustache and a vandyke turning white contrived to be at once distinguished and benign. 1951E. Paul Springtime in Paris xi. 204 The ‘Zazous’ quarter surpasses even Oberammergau, as far as beards are concerned... The hearties have stiff whiskers, and some of the Central and South American boys sport silken Van Dykes. 1974P. De Vries Glory of Hummingbird xvi. 252 A false mustache and Vandyke..completed the transformation. 1982S. B. Flexner Listening to Amer. 65 The first group mainly wore short Imperials or waxed and pomaded Van Dykes.
7. Used attrib. or as adj. (with capital initial.) in designating things associated in some way with Van Dyck or his paintings, as Vandyke beard, Vandyke border, Vandyke brown, Vandyke couching, etc. (see quots. and cf. prec. senses).
1894Westm. Gaz. 25 June 8/1 Everyone is now wearing a pointed V-shaped *Vandyck beard, while a few years ago the Vandyck beard was unknown.
1880Paper & Print. Trades Jrnl. xxx. 29 Each page having a deep *Vandyke border.
1850Weale Dict. Terms, *Vandyke Brown,..a species of peat or bog-earth, of a fine deep semi-transparent brown colour.
1882Caulfeild & Saward Dict. Needlew. 92/2 *Vandyke couching, a Raised Couching formed with lines of whipcord laid on the linen foundation in the shape of vandykes [etc.].
1825Macaulay Ess., Milton ⁋62 His [i.e. Charles I] *Vandyke dress, his handsome face, and his peaked beard.
1757Mrs. Delany Life & Corr. (1861) III. 467 Madam Godineau, in a round card cap of black lace..and a *vandyke handkerchief of the same.
1882Caulfeild & Saward Dict. Needlew. 195/1 *Vandyke stitch, a raised Couching.
1831Carlyle Sart. Res. i. v, *Vandyke tippets, ruffs, fardingales, are brought vividly before us.
1882Caulfeild & Saward Dict. Needlew. 499/1 *Vandyke tracery..is worked much in the same way as Cross Tracery, and forms a zig-zag device on the open parts of leaves and other spaces.
1829Glover's Hist. Derby I. 242 In 1766..Crane manufactured a rich brocade for waistcoats,..and about two years afterwards he attempted *vandyke-work, by appending a warp-machine to a plain stocking frame.
b. (See quot.)
1889J. H. Maiden Useful Pl. W. Ind. 99 Panicum flavidum,..‘Vandyke Grass’ (of Bailey).
Hence Van ˈDyckian, pertaining to or characteristic of the paintings of Van Dyck.
1942Burlington Mag. Feb. 43/2 The stage effects of court painting in the Van Dyckian vein. 1979N. & Q. Feb. 71/2 The pose..is pure convention: a Van Dyckian cliché lifted from Van Dyck's etching of Pieter Brueghel the Younger. |