| 释义 |
illusion|ɪˈl(j)uːʒən|
Also 4–5 illusyon(e, 4–6 -sioun, 6 -tion.
[a. F. illusion (12th c. in Oxf. Psal. lxxviii. 4), ad. L. illūsiōn-em mocking, jeering, (in Vulg.) deceit, illusion, n. of action f. illūdĕre to illude.]
The action of illuding, the condition of being illuded; that whereby one is illuded.
†1. The action of deriding or mocking; derision, mockery. Also (with pl.) an instance of this. Obs.
(App. only as transl. of, or in reference to, L. illūsio.)
1382Wyclif Isa. lxvi. 4, I shal chesen the illusiouns [1388 scornyngis] of hem. c1450Mirour Saluacioun 4601 Remyttyng the to pilat after this illusionne. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 249 b, On his betrayenge and illusyons, how he was mocked & scorned before Anna and Cayphas. 1567Ps. lxxix. in Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 118 Our nichtbouris..leuch at vs with greit Illusioun. 1656Blount Glossogr., Illusion, a mocking or scorning.
2.
†a. The action, or an act, of deceiving the bodily eye by false or unreal appearances, or the mental eye by false prospects, statements, etc.; deception, delusion, befooling. Obs.
c1340Hampole Prose Tr. 17 Wha-so þan will here aungells sange, and noghte be dyssayuede by feynynge..ne by illusyone of þe enemy. c1386Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. & T. 120 To muchel folk we doon illusion. c1470Henry Wallace vii. 5 With suttelte and wykkit illusione, The worthi Scottis to put to confusione. 1529More Dyaloge i. Wks. 130/2 Done by the deuil..for the illusyon of them that with ydolatry had deserued to be deluded. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, i. ii. 178, I told my Lord the Duke, by th'Diuels illusions The Monke might be deceiu'd. 1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth vi. (1702) 249 This had been little better than a downright Illusion and abusing of him.
b. The fact or condition of being deceived or deluded by appearances, or an instance of this; a mental state involving the attribution of reality to what is unreal; a false conception or idea; a deception, delusion, fancy.
1571Satir. Poems Reform. xxviii. 17 Can I nocht tell gif be Illutioun, Or gif be feir sic fantaseis we tak. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 158 The illusions of their bewitched mindes. 1665Stillingfl. Protest. Relig. 600 [They] have fallen into many illusions and deceitful fancies. 1719Young Revenge v. ii, Let us talk of Love, Plunge ourselves deep into the sweet illusion. 1772Priestley Inst. Relig. (1782) I. 314 They could not be under an illusion themselves. 1862H. Spencer First Princ. ii. iii §46 (1875) 158 A sense of universal illusion ordinarily follows the reading of metaphysics. 1875Emerson Lett. & Soc. Aims, Immortality Wks. (Bohn) III. 286 The youth puts off the illusions of the child.
3. Something that deceives or deludes by producing a false impression; a deceptive or illusive appearance, statement, belief, etc.; in early use often spec. An unreal visual appearance, an apparition, phantom.
c1374Chaucer Troylus v. 368 Prestes of þe temple tellen þis That dremes ben þe reuelacions Of goddes, and..That þey ben Infernals illusions. c1384― H. Fame i. 493 O Criste..Fro Fantome and Illusion Me save. 1494Fabyan Chron. v. c. 75 Whiche is nat comely to any Cristen Relygyon to gyue to any suche fantastycall illusions any mynde or credence. 1602Shakes. Ham. i. i. 127 Stay Illusion: If thou hast any sound, or vse of Voyce, Speake to me. 1659B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 161 Their pretexts were but illusions, to amuse, and baffle the good intentions of the Germans. 1715–20Pope Iliad ii. 19 Jove..bids an empty phantom rise to sight..Swift as the word the vain Illusion fled. 1749Smollett Regicide iii. i. (1777) 52 Come, smiling hope—divine illusion! come. 1849Robertson Serm. Ser. iv. ix. (1876) 78 These were all an illusion and a phantasma, a thing that appeared, but did not really exist.
4. a. Sensuous perception of an external object, involving a false belief or conception: strictly distinguished from hallucination, but in general use often made to include it, and hence = the apparent perception of an external object when no such object is present, or of attributes of an object which do not exist. Also (with pl.) an instance of this.
1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) II. 147 Hitherto..they only seem to fortify the organ for seeing distinctly; but they have still many illusions to correct. 1794Sullivan View Nat. II. xlviii. 381 In lifting our eyes to the firmament, we see all the stars, as it were, attached to the same dome. But, this is merely an optical illusion. 1850Robertson Serm. Ser. iii. vi. 84 You may paint a picture in which rocks, trees, and sky are never mistaken for what they seem, yet produce all the emotion which real rocks, trees and sky would produce. This is illusion. 1858Hawthorne Fr. & It. Jrnls. I. 193 Frescos brought to such perspective illusion, that the edges seem to project into air. 1859Hulme tr. De Boismont's Hallucinations i. 21 We define..an illusion as the false appreciation of real sensations. 1881J. Sully in Nature XXIV. 185 As distinguished from hallucinations, illusions ‘must always have a starting-point in some actual impression, whereas a hallucination has no such basis’. 1886Gurney, etc. Phantasms of Living II. 184 Illusion consists either in perceiving a totally wrong object in place of the right one..or in investing the right object with the wrong attributes.
b. the argument from illusion (Philos.): the argument that the objects of sense-experience, usually called ideas, appearances, or sense-data, cannot be objects in a physical world independent of the perceiver, since they vary according to his condition and environment.
1932H. H. Price Perception ii. 27 It is commonly held that the Argument from Illusion (as it is called) is sufficient to refute Naïve Realism. 1936A. J. Ayer Lang., Truth & Logic viii. 228 The so-called argument from illusion. 1940― Found. Empirical Knowl. i. 3 The answer is provided by what is known as the argument from illusion. 1959J. L. Austin Sense & Sensibilia (1962) iii. 20 The primary purpose of the argument from illusion is to induce people to accept ‘sense-data’. 1971A. Flew Introd. Western Philos. 353 We can characterize the Argument from Illusion as the attempt to show that..what we actually see is never things but only the appearances of things.
5. A name given to a thin and very transparent kind of tulle.
1857Lawrence (Kansas) Republican 28 May 3 Lace, Gimp, Straw, Silk, Blend, Hair and Illusion Bonnets. 1865F. B. Palliser Hist. Lace xxxv. 423 M. Doguin, who afterwards used the fine silks, and invented that popular material first called ‘zephyr’, since ‘illusion’. 1869L. M. Alcott Little Women II. xiv. 207 She put on Flo's old white silk ball dress, and covered it with a cloud of fresh illusion. 1873Young Englishwoman Jan. 50/1 White muslin, trimmed with white lace, illusion veil. 1887B. Farjeon While Golden Sleep 8 Pale blue silk, looped up with illusion and forget-me-nots. 1902Daily Chron. 13 Dec. 8/4 It was trimmed with ruches of black tulle illusion. 1967Boston Sunday Herald 30 Apr. v. 2/3 The headpiece was a lace mantilla with an illusion veil.
6. attrib. and Comb., as illusion effect; illusion-disturbing, illusion-proof adjs.
1909W. M. Urban Valuation ix. 275 The elimination of illusion-disturbing moments is a conscious process. 1971Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. LXXXV. 77 Differences in the magnitude of the illusion-effect were introduced.
1924G. B. Shaw Saint Joan p. xvi, Napoleon or any other illusionproof genius.
Hence iˈllusionless a., not characterized by illusions.
1897G. B. Shaw in Academy 16 Jan. 67/2 Illusionless conversation..when the old people in Ibsen..tell each other the frozen truth. 1964S. Bellow Herzog 229 His face was illusionless, without need of hypocrisy. |