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▪ I. † iˈllustrate, ppl. a. Obs.
[ad. L. illustrāt-us, pa. pple. of illustrāre to illustrate.]
A. as pa. pple. Illustrated, illuminated, lighted up, enlightened: see illustrate v.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 285 O wolde god I..were illustrate or lyghtned with the lyght and felynge therof. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Acts ix. F iv b, Thin⁓warde eyes of his soule, wer in the meane space clearely illustrat. 1619J. Bainbridge Descr. Late Comet 10 The Comet..at first was illustrate with a bright resplendence. 1671True Non-conf. 334 These things need not to be illustrat.
B. as adj. Illuminated, resplendent, clear; lustrous, illustrious.
1562A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) i. 1 Welcum, illustrat Ladye, and oure quene. 1583Shakes. L.L.L. v. i. 128 This most gallant, illustrate and learned Gentleman. 1601Chettle & Munday Death Robt. Earl Huntington v. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley VIII. 315 Bright sun, retire; gild not this vault of death With thy illustrate rays. 1669Addr. Yng. Gentry Eng. 110 The Philosophy, we grope after..here, will..by the first approaches of the light of our never setting day, be plain and illustrate to us. 1704Hearne Duct. Hist. (1714) I. 136 That admirable work, the Lives of the most illustrate Men, Greeks and Romans.
Hence † iˈllustrately adv.
1634Simple Reasons in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) IV. 181 Our faith in God, and loyalty to the King, are most translucently light..refulgently light, illustrately light.
▪ II. illustrate, v.|ˈɪləstreɪt, ɪˈlʌstreɪt|
[f. L. illustrāt-, ppl. stem of illustrāre to light up, illuminate, clear up, elucidate, embellish, set off, render famous or illustrious; cf. illustr-is illustre. For the stress see contemplate v.]
†1.
a. trans. To shed light upon, light up, illumine. Obs.
1625N. Carpenter Geog. Del. i. ii. (1635) 35 The beames of the Sun illustrate and lighten the Moone. 1681Cotton Wond. Peak (ed. 4) 82 The Windows..Illustrating the noble Room. a1717Parnell Hymn for Morning (Seager), The light, serenely fair, Illustrates all the tracts of air.
†b. Directly fig. esp. To illuminate (the mind). Obs. or arch. (The earlier use.)
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 125 It dyd so illustrate or lyghten theyr vnderstandynge, that [etc.]. 1665Boyle Occas. Refl. (1848) 55 The Mind of Man. Illustrated by the Beams of Heavenly Light, and Joy. 1728Earbery tr. Burnet's St. Dead II. 62 Virtue and Truth in their Fulness of Light, illustrating the whole World. 1872Browning Fifine xxix, Quick sense perceives the same Self-vindicating flash illustrate every man And woman of our mass.
†2. To make lustrous, luminous, or bright; to set off with bright colours; gen. to beautify, adorn. Obs.
1592Nashe P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 17 b, There is no study, but it [Poetry] doth illustrate and beautify. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 59 The wals..have beene illustrated with Gold, which in some places is visible. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 165 They illustrate their Arms and Hands, their Legs and Feet, with painted flowers and birds. 1748Richardson Clarissa (1811) III. iii. 29 Her head-dress was a Brussels-lace mob..A sky blue ribband illustrated that.
3. To set in a good light; to display to advantage; to show up.
1603H. Crosse Vertues Commw. (1878) 51 The deformitie of the one doth much illustrate and beautifie the other. 1628Prynne Love-lockes 55 The onely meanes therefore for men to enhance, illustrate, and set out their Beautie, is to neglect it. 1686W. de Britaine Hum. Prud. xi. 53 Honour and Greatness add nothing to me, but to illustrate my Humility. 1757H. Walpole Mem. Geo. II, III. 75 Pitt though..apt enough to take any step to illustrate his own measures. 1843Dickens Mart. Chuz. (1844) ii. 10 Charity..did so well set off and illustrate her sister! 1917Mod. Lang. Rev. XII. 205, I do not desire to illustrate my version of ‘the Fause Knight’, but merely to claim that it throws new light on the subject matter of the original ballad.
4. To shed lustre upon; to render illustrious, renowned, or famous; to confer honour or distinction upon. Now rare.
1530Palsgr. 589/2, I illustrate, I bring to lyght or make noble or worthy. 1624Heywood Gunaik. To Rdr., Women, such as have..beene illustrated for their Vertues, and noble actions. a1794Gibbon Mem. in Misc. Wks. (1814) I. 235 Mr. Wedderburne..who now illustrates the title of Lord Loughborough. 1834Sir W. Hamilton Discuss. (1852) 377 Under this system, no men of distinguished merit have illustrated our Universities. 1858J. H. Newman Mission of Benedictine Order in Sel. Ess. (1902) 191 The famous Congregation of Cluni, illustrated by St. Majolus, St. Odilo, Peter the Venerable. 1931[see dither n. b]. 1952G. Sarton Hist. Sci. I. xi. 277 We now come to the greatest mathematician of the century, the first man to illustrate the name of Hippocrates.
5. To throw the light of intelligence upon; to make clear, elucidate, clear up, explain.
1538Coverdale New Test. Prol., Thou shalt see that one translation declareth, openeth, and illustrateth another. 1620Granger Div. Logike 116 Argument that is brought to confirme, and illustrate must be more manifest..then that which is to be confirmed, and illustrated. 1691Norris Pract. Disc. 77 When Revelation had illustrated the obscure Text of Reason. 1793Beddoes Let. Darwin 29 Many experiments upon animals, tending to illustrate this important subject. 1874Kingsley Lett. (1878) II. 452 You have..illustrated it by quotations and metaphors which are sound and to the point.
6. To make clear or evident by means of examples, to elucidate; to give an example, instance, or illustration of; to exemplify. Also absol.
1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. xiii. (1627) 183 Illustrated by a few more examples. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. ii. §4, I can illustrate this doctrine of Lysicles by examples. 1786W. Thomson Watson's Philip III (1793) II. vi. 224 To illustrate the advantages of vigilance and foresight. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 162 Perhaps no single circumstance more strongly illustrates the temper of the precisians than their conduct respecting Christmas day. 1863O. M. Mitchell Astron. Bible 168 The subject is difficult. Permit me to illustrate. 1874Green Short Hist. iii. §4. 129 No city better illustrates the transformation of the land in the hands of its Norman masters. 1895F. Hall in Nation (N.Y.) LXI. 363/2 Very likely the usage which has been illustrated is a good deal older.
7. To elucidate (a description, etc.) by means of drawings or pictures; to ornament (a book, etc.) in this way with elucidatory designs. Said also of the pictures themselves.
1638F. Junius Paint. of Ancients 128 That the cleerest grounds an Artist is able to propound, are yet illustrated and cleered by Picture. 1676Ray Corr. (1848) 123 [Few readers are] willing to take the pains to read..such [anatomical] descriptions, unless illustrated by figures. 1773Cook 1st Voy. Introd. (R.), The engravings which illustrate and adorn the account of this voyage. 1800Med. Jrnl. III. 20, I shall subjoin two curious cases..together with a drawing to illustrate one of them. 1827Hone Table Bk. I. 171 A gentleman engaged to assist in illustrating this work. 1873Tristram Moab i. 3 His camera illustrated the results of the expedition with about 80 excellent photographs. 1891Daily News 9 Apr. 3/5 Journals which did not formerly illustrate now do so, and book and magazine literature are more than ever illustrated to meet the popular taste.
†8. To clear (the head or brain). Obs.
1684tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. xix. 680 Some Cephalicks..though they be less grateful to the Palate or Stomach..yet illustrate the Brain.
Hence illustrating vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 352 To the illustrating of the Queenes most excellent Maiestie, the honour and commoditie of this her highnesse Realme. 1620Granger Div. Logike 157 It hath speciall use in illustrating, and amplifying. 1681J. Flavel Meth. Grace ix. 197 An illustrating work of the Spirit upon the minds of sinners. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 80 Our liberty has a pedigree and illustrating ancestors. 1840M. Edgeworth Let. 30 Dec. (1971) 574 The illustrating speech of the Irishman to the waiter of ‘I'd wish to have the ham and the butter separate’. |