| 释义 |
▪ I. vat, n.1|væt|
Forms: 3 ueat, 3–4 uet, 5– vat, 4, 6 vatte, 8 vatt; 4–5 vaat, 4, 6–8 vate, 6 vaette.
[Southern variant of fat n.1 The long vowel in the obs. forms vaat, vate, is derived from the OE. pl. (fatu, etc.) or from late forms of the gen. and dat. sing. (fates, fate).]
1. a. A cask, tun, or other vessel used for holding or storing water, beer, or other liquid; usually one of some size in which a liquor, esp. beer or cider, undergoes fermentation or is prepared; † a vessel.
a1225Juliana 31 Þe worldes wealdent þat wiste sein iuhan his ewanigeliste unhurt iþe ueat of wallinde eoli. 1340Ayenb. 231 Hi bereþ a wel precious tresor ine a wel fyebble uet. c1380Sir Ferumb. 5695 An Archebysschop..bad hym ordeyne an huge vaat, Ful of water clere. 1399Acc. Exch. K.R. 473/11 m. 2 Pro xxiiij circulis ligneis emptis ad diuers[os] vattes et cowelys inde ligandis pro aqua in eisdem conseruanda. 14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 577 Cuva, a cuve or a vaat. c1440Pallad. on Husb. i. 465 Canels or pipis, wynes forth to lede Into the vat & tonnys, make also. 1552Huloet, Vat, or fat, a vessell for water, ale, bere, or any licour, labrum. 1605Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iii. Captaines 745 Each grape to weep, and crimsin streams to spin Into the Vate, set to receive them in. 1662Charleton Myst. Vintners (1675) 194 A clean and strongly-scented Cask or Vate. 1697Prior Ep. Sir F. Sheppard 41 My Uncle..Might have..Taught me with Cyder to replenish My Vats or ebbing Tide of Rhenish. 1708J. Philips Cyder i. 18 Would'st thou, thy Vats with gen'rous Juice should froth? Respect thy Orchats. 1781Johnson in Boswell 5 Apr., We are not here to sell a parcel of boilers and vats. 1830M. Donovan Dom. Econ. I. 169 This fermenting tun is an immense circular vat or tub bound with strong iron hoops, and covered in at all parts. 1872Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 237 For the large circular vats in which the ale was formerly fermented, slate tuns have been recently substituted.
Comb.1611Cotgr., Cuvelier, a vat-maker, or tub-maker.
b. A vessel, cauldron, or cistern containing the liquid used in dyeing or some other process.
1548Elyot, Ahenum, a great vatte, wherein purple is dyed. 1632Sherwood s.v., A dying Vat, cuvier. 1738Chambers Cycl. s.v. Dying Ingredients, Dying materials..applied..by only dipping the stuff in the vat of dye. 1788Trans. Soc. Arts VI. 165 (Papermaking), Having prepared the stuff, chest and vatt, quite clean, I chopt the clean bark or first preparation [etc.]. 1791W. Hamilton Berthollet's Dyeing I. Introd. p. ii, The Stuffs..were immersed in vats, where they received various colours. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 366 The large vat or cistern [of a paper-mill], A A, is of an oblong figure on the outside. 1832Porcelain & Glass 38 When the flints are thus sufficiently ground, the semi-fluid is transferred to another vat. 1873Hamerton Intell. Life xii. i. 432 Every locality is like a dyer's vat, the residents take its colour.
†c. = fat n.1 1 b. Obs. rare.
1507Pilton Churchw. Acc. (Som. Rec. Soc.) 53 Item an oyle vatte of sylver.
†d. A cask or tub used as a receptacle for refuse or filth. Obs.
1534–5MS. Rawl. D. 77 fol. 67 b, The vaettes that convayeth the Rubbysch frome the great Kechyn. 1536Ibid., Skoryng and makyng clean the Vattes of the Comen Jakes..with other vattes with in the said castell.
2. In various special uses:
a. = cheese-vat.
1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 334 Vallor, or Vallow, or Vate, a concave Mould wherein a Cheese is pressed. 1860All Year Round No. 51. 19 The next step taken was to get a proper ‘vat’ and ‘follower’ made of solid mahogany.
b. Tanning. = tan-vat.
1777Phil. Trans. LXVIII. 115 Until they think proper to lay it away in the Vatts. In these holes, which are the largest in the tan-yard, the leather is spread out smooth. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. III. 2490/1 The tan-yard contains a number of wooden-lined vats, whose tops are level with the..ground. 1885Harper's Mag. Jan. 276/1 The hides are placed..in vats filled with a dissolved excrement.
c. Cornwall. (See quot.)
1778Pryce Min. Cornub. 225 Upon the top of the arch or back of the calciner, is made a square hollow place called a Vate or Dry, sufficient to contain a serving or hand barrow full of Tin.
d. Mining. (See quots.)
1802J. Mawe Min. Derby Gloss., Vat, a wooden tub used to wash ore and mineral substances. 1872Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 253 Outside of the building the pulp runs first into vats, where the heavier portion settles and the rest goes into the creek. 1888F. Hume Mme. Midas i. v, The wash was carried along in the trucks from the top of the shaft to the puddlers, which were large circular vats into which water was constantly gushing.
e. Salt making. A salt-pit (see quots.).
1860Maury Phys. Geog. (Low) ii. 22 There is a series of vats or pools through which the water is passed as it comes from the sea, and is reduced to the briny state. 1861J. H. Bennet Shores Medit. (1875) i. v. 143 The vats or pools into which the sea-water is received for evaporation.
3. a. A cask, barrel, or other vessel for holding or storing dry goods; = fat n.1 3.
1766Entick London IV. 328 Their business being to attend each ship, to top the vats, and to return an account of the coals measured. 1825Hone Every-day Bk. I. 741 The arrival of a vat of Hambro' yarn. Ibid., The inhabitants met the waggon,..decorated the vat with ribands,..and drew the same through the village. 1859F. A. Griffiths Artill. Man. (1862) 159 The horses are to be taken out; the harness..packed in vats.
†b. Formerly used as a measure of capacity for coal (see quots. and fat n.1 4). Obs.
1708Constit. Watermen's Co. xlii, It is agreed and order'd, that all Lightermen selling Coals, shall sell Pool⁓measure,..That is to say, One and Twenty Chaldron to the Score, or otherwise to sell the same Measure each person buys, (provided the Parcel be Five Chaldron and a Vatt at the least). 1763Ann. Reg. 64 Importation of coals into the port of London in the year 1762, amounting to 570,774 chaldrons and one vat. 1821Acc. Peculations Coal Trade 5 The measure used in the pool is by vat; this contains nine bushels heaped.
†c. (See quot.) Obs.
1730Bailey (fol.), Fat, Vat, (of Merchandise) an uncertain quantity, as of yarn, from 210 to 211 bundles; of wire, from 20 to 25 pound weight, &c.
4. Dyeing. The liquid solution in which the material to be dyed is immersed; the dyeing liquor. Usually with defining term.
1755Dict. Arts & Sci. II. 998/2 Lime is much used in working blue-vats. Ibid. 1000/2 The blue vats in deep blues of the fifth stall, give no considerable weight. 1765indigo vat [see indigo C. 1]. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 415 In this vat, the immediate principles..perform the dis⁓oxidizing function of the copperas in the cold vat. Ibid., The pastel vats require most skill..in consequence of their complexity. 1868Watts Dict. Chem. III. 251 Copperas or common blue vat. Ibid. 252 An excess of lime yields a sharp vat;..too little lime yields a soft vat. 1900Jrnl. Soc. Dyers XVI. 8 A vat prepared with caustic soda.
5. attrib., as vat-room; vat colour = vat dye; vat dye, dyestuff, a water-insoluble dye that is applied in a reducing bath that converts it to a soluble leuco-form with affinity for the fibre, the colour being obtained upon subsequent oxidation; so vat-dyed a.; vat dyeing vbl. n.; vat-man, Papermaking, a workman who lifts the pulp from the vat and moulds the sheets of paper; a dipper or maker; vat-net (see quot.); vat-press, Papermaking, a press in which the sheets are placed after they leave the vat.
1912L. A. Olney in A. Rogers Industr. Chem. xxxviii. 768 The reduction *vat colors have come into great prominence during recent years owing to their great resistance to practically all of the color destroying agencies. 1947Kirk & Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. I. 968 With respect to all-around tinctorial and fastness properties, vat colors have no peer in any class of dyes.
1903C. Salter tr. G. von Georgievics's Chem. Dye-Stuffs 4 *Vat Dyes..have no affinity for textile fibres, and can only be fixed thereon by reduction or subsequent oxidation. 1981H. Gutjahr in L. W. C. Miles Textile Printing v. 159 Vat dyes provide a wide range of colours of good all⁓round fastness properties, but great care, or specialized equipment, is required for their successful use.
1946M. R. Fox Vat Dyestuffs & Vat Dyeing iv. 55 (heading) Fastness tests for *vat-dyed wool and silk. 1960Farmer & Stockbreeder 22 Mar. (Suppl.) 11/2 These vat-dyed, colour-fast, 48in wide cotton furnishing materials, are identically patterned on both sides.
1912L. A. Olney in A. Rogers Industr. Chem. xxxviii. 756 The alkaline bath of indigo white is commonly called an indigo vat, and this process of coloring is usually spoken of as *vat dyeing. 1946M. R. Fox (title) Vat dyestuffs and vat dyeing.
1914F. W. Atack tr. Wahl's Manuf. Organic Dyestuffs xix. 220 For a long time the *vat-dyestuffs were limited to Indigo, its derivatives, and the Indophenols. 1973Materials & Technol. VI. vii. 488 Nylon shows very little affinity for the vat dyestuffs.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 927 Meanwhile the *vat-man puts the deckel upon the other mould. 1885Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 225/1 The vatman takes up enough pulp on the mould to fill the deckle.
1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 921/1 *Vat net, used as a strainer over a tub or tank.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 931, 1 Man..in keeping in order 7 vats, *vat-presses, &c. 1840Penny Cycl. XVII. 209/1 This post..is placed in the vat-press, and subjected to a strong pressure to force out the superfluous water.
1843Tizard Brewing xix. 464 Where the trade is extensive, and *vat-room is of consequent importance.
Hence ˈvatful.
1632Sherwood, A vat-full, cuvée. 1862Sat. Rev. XIII. 411/1 By the sudden interposition of a vat-full of pale ale details.
▪ II. vat, v.|væt|
[f. vat n.1]
trans. a. To place or store in a vat.
1784Twamley Dairying Exemplified 48 Many people as soon as the Whey is removed immediately break the Curd small..and then put it into the Cheese Vat... I would always recommend that it rest one quarter of an Hour, before 'tis broke or vatted. 1862Chambers's Encycl. IV. 727/1 The factitious compound being mixed or vatted with the wines in bond. 1880Act 43 & 44 Vict. c. 24 §64 (1) The proprietor of spirits..may..vat, blend, or rack them in the warehouse.
b. To immerse in a dyeing solution or vat.
1883R. Haldane Workshop Receipts Ser. ii. 210/2 The goods are next limed, vatted to shade, taken out.
▪ III. vat
southern ME. and dial. var. fat a.; obs. Sc. f. wot wit v. |