| 释义 |
refresher|rɪˈfrɛʃə(r)|
[f. refresh v. + -er1.]
1. a. One who or that which refreshes.
c1420Lydg. Commend. Our Lady 45 Paradyse of plesaunce,..refressher of our food. 1581T. Rogers St. Aug. Praiers ix. (1597) 45 Come thou hope of the poore, and refresher of them which be ready to faint. 1678Otway Friendship in F. ii. 16 Tho' Love like Wine be a good refresher, yet 'tis much more dangerous to be too busie withall. 1727–46Thomson Summer 1257 The kind refresher of the summer-heats. 1845W. Sewell Hawkstone (1846) II. 281 Miss Mabel Brook, who had been permitted to come in as a refresher in the evening.
b. A refreshment; colloq. a drink.
1822Cobbett Weekly Reg. 30 Mar. 795/1 When the press has taken a refresher, let it burst forth again in new peals of praise. a1841T. Hook in Casquet of Lit. (1896) I. 313/2 A few friends at dinner and some refreshers in the evening had prevented Harding from saying a word. 1861F. Nightingale Nursing (ed. 2) 53 Taking a piece of bread instead of a cup of tea or coffee as a refresher.
2. A reminder.
1837Dickens Pickw. xxxi, His memory had received a very disagreeable refresher on the subject of Mrs. Bardell's action. 1856J. W. Croker in C. Papers 4 Dec. (1884) I. 5, I don't think that this noble ambition had recurred to my memory..up to the receipt of your refresher of yesterday.
3. In legal use:
a. An extra fee paid to counsel in prolonged or frequently adjourned cases. Also attrib.
b. (See quot.)
a.1826F. Reynolds Life & Times I. iv. 148 For the cause, after refresher on refresher, came on within the space of a few months. 1831― Playwright's Adventures vi. 108 He also knew that barristers..can only be kept alive by refreshers. 1881Times 19 Feb. 10/3 It is therefore recommended that daily refreshers should be abolished, as being one of the principal causes of the undue lengthening of trials. 1892Pall Mall G. 28 Oct. 7/1 A master in chambers, who had disallowed the ‘refresher’ fees of his learned leader.
b.1853De Quincey Autobiog. Sk. ii. Wks. I. 72 Every fortnight or so I took care that he should receive a ‘refresher’, as lawyers call it,—a new and revised brief memorialising my pretensions.
4. attrib., applied to training or instruction provided as a review of material previously studied or to instruct a person in new developments, techniques, etc., esp. in refresher course; refresher leave, leave granted for the purpose of attending a refresher course.
1907Interim Rep. War Office Comm. Provision of Officers 10 Given a short term of liability, and short periods of recall to the Colours for ‘refresher’ training, many officers..would remain therein. 1914Hamel & Turner Flying x. 209 Others..go direct into the Royal Flying Corps Reserve..where they are available for periodical ‘refresher’ courses and for employment in the event of war. 1930Times Educ. Suppl. 20 Sept. 403/4 Refresher courses for teachers. 1945Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 12 May 141/1 A clinical refresher training program for..medical officers. 1959Listener 17 Dec. 1085/1 This is not an introduction to Kipling, but a splendid refresher course. 1972Accountant 17 Aug. (Suppl.) 14/3 (Advt.), Terms of appointment include generous refresher leave periods. 1976H. Wilson Governance of Britain vi. 121 A major conference would involve one or two, or more, full briefing meetings at No. 10..with refresher briefings to review the progress of the conference and decide tactics to meet a changing situation. 1977New Yorker 12 Sept. 103/1 A refresher training course in the basic sciences that I was teaching at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology in the fall of 1969. 1980R. Perry Grand Slam v. 42 [He] was making a complete pig's ear of shadowing me... He was in dire need of a refresher course.
Add:[2.] b. A short course of instruction or study designed to bring one up to date with developments, esp. in an academic or professional field; = refresher course. orig. U.S.
1941A. Hooper (title) Mathematical refresher. 1943‘Cleo et Anthony’ Sex Refresher p. ix, The very nature of a ‘refresher’ prohibits a comprehensive..coverage of the subject. 1954J. D. Constance (title) Hydraulics refresher for professional license. 1976Ld. Home Way Wind Blows vii. 104 As a result of my years at the Scottish Office, when Mr Heath asked me in 1969 to examine the question of devolution.., I needed but a short refresher. 1984A. Hailey Strong Medicine i. viii. 69 Others already employed were brought to headquarters in small groups for a ten-day refresher. |