| 释义 |
implication|ɪmplɪˈkeɪʃən|
[ad. L. implicātiōn-em entwining or entangling, noun of action f. implicāre to implicate. Cf. F. implication (16th c.) complicity, contradiction.]
1. The action of involving, entwining, or entangling; the condition of being involved, entangled, twisted together, intimately connected or combined. Also fig.
c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iv. xii. (1869) 182 Seculere implicacioun and worldliche ocupacioun. 1578Banister Hist. Man viii. 111 Comparable to the implications of the sinewes of the arme. 1623Cockeram, Implication, a wrapping in, or intangling. a1635Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 43 Sir Thomas Perrot..married a Lady of great honour, of the Kings familiarity, which are presumptions of some implication. 1659Stanley Hist. Philos. xiii. (1701) 600/1 By implication of some Atoms cohering mutually to one another. 1728Earbery tr. Burnet's St. Dead I. 27 Distinguished from the corporeal machines and the implications of matter. 1832Austin Jurispr. (1879) I. vi. 325 A convention bilateral is formed by the implication of several unilateral conventions. 1843J. Martineau Chr. Life (1867) 14 The mystic implication of his nature with ours.
2. a. The action of implying; the fact of being implied or involved, without being plainly expressed; that which is involved or implied in something else.
1581W. Charke in Confer. iv. (1584) B b iij, Inferred in the scripture by good proofes of consequence and implication. 1657Cromwell Sp. 21 Apr. in Carlyle, It is but an implication, it is not determined. 1701Norris Ideal World i. ii. 35 Here..is a plain implication of an intelligible human nature. 1790Paley Horæ Paul. Wks. 1825 III. 129 He does not say this is different from ordinary usage—this is left to implication. 1836J. Gilbert Chr. Atonem. iii. (1852) 63 Facts, of which the clear implications can by no party be denied. 1879H. Spencer Data Ethics ii. §7. 20 These implications of the Evolution-Hypothesis, we shall now see harmonize with the leading moral ideas men have otherwise reached.
b. by implication: by what is implied though not formally expressed, by natural inference.
c1555Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII (Camden) 33 Though not by express words, yet by implication and meaning. 1615J. Stephens Satyr. Ess. 54 It followes by implication that amongst posterity, some one must have precedence. 1793T. Jefferson Writ. (1859) IV. 36 It does not give it to France, either expressly or by implication. 1870Freeman Norm. Conq. (ed. 2) I. App. 659 The Chronicles..seem to call him Ealdorman by implication.
c. Logic. A relationship between propositions such that the one implies the other; also, a proposition asserting such a relationship. Also attrib.
1906B. Russell in Amer. Jrnl. Math. XXVIII. 202 The subject which comes next in logical order is the theory of formal implication. 1922W. E. Johnson Logic II. vi. 152 When a formula of implication is used as a premiss in the process of deduction, its implicans must first be formally certified in order that its implicate may be formally certified. 1932Lewis & Langford Symbolic Logic v. 93 The dot preceding the implication-sign. 1947H. Reichenbach Elem. Symbolic Logic §6.24 The expression to the left of the implication sign is called implicans. 1952P. F. Strawson Introd. Logical Theory iii. 85 The futility of identifying conditional statements with material implications is obvious. 1954I. M. Copi Symbolic Logic ix. 286 The proposition..may have its implication sign deleted. 1957A. N. Prior Time & Modality i. 1 Moh Shaw-Kwei has attempted to lay down the conditions which entitle an operator to be considered as an implication-operator. 1963W. Sellars in Castañeda & Nakhnikian Morality & Lang. of Conduct 178 In other words, shall-statements, unlike implication statements, are in the object-language. 1968J. Lyons Introd. Theoretical Ling. x. 446 Implication, in the sense in which it has been defined here, is in principle objectively testable.
3. The process of involving or fact of being involved in some condition, etc.
1873T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. (ed. 2) 173 This implication of the lymphatics is much more marked than in the sarcomata [etc.]. 1897Allbutt Syst. Med. III. 17 The younger the sufferers [from acute rheumatism] the greater the liability to cardiac implications. |